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of  Central 

By    LOUIS   HARMAN    PEET 


MANHATTAN    PRESS 
476   West  Broadway  New  York 


Copyright,  1903.  by 
Louis  HARMAN  PEET 


THE  GREENWICH  PRESS 

186-^90  West  Fourth  Street 

New  York 


CAROLINE  NORTHUP  PEET 

AND 

CYNTHIA  GENEVA  PERKINS 


PREFACE. 

THE  very  cordial  welcome  given  to  my  guide  to  the 
trees  and  shrubs  of  Prospect  Park  has  induced  me  to 
publish  a  similar  handbook  for  the  Central  Park  of 
this  city. 

The  purpose  of  this  book  is  to  put  within  reach  of 
the  non-technical  city  nature  lover  a  handy  means  of 
identifying  the  trees  and  shrubs  which  he  meets  in  his 
park  rambles.  This  identification  once  effected  adds 
immeasurable  enjoyment  to  these  rambles.  It  is 
exasperating  to  walk  the  park  paths  and  see  the 
handsome  shrubs  and  trees  and  not  know  what 
they  are.  Many  of  them  are  of  foreign  character  and, 
although  the  rambler  may  know  the  native  species, 
when  these  unusual  foreign  forms  confront  him  he 
cannot  recognize  them,  for  they  are  seldom  given  in 
the  popular  handbooks.  He  has  not  time,  nor 
opportunity,  nor  the  knowledge,  it  may  be,  to  hunt 
them  out  in  the  larger  botanical  works.  It  is  the 
aim  of  this  book  to  supply  this  want. 

Its  plan  is  simple  and  direct.  Identification  is 
effected  largely  by  locating  the  trees  or  shrubs,  as  they 


Vlll 


are  passed,  by  maps  and  by  descriptions  in  the  text 
which  point  out  enough  of  the  salient  features  of  each 
tree  or  shrub  to  make  the  identification  sure.  Of 
course,  in  using  this  book,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  it  would  be  utterly  impossible  to  locate  on  the 
maps  every  tree  and  shrub  passed  along  the  walks. 
This  would  result  only  in  a  mass  of  black  spots  from 
which  it  would  be  impossible  to  distinguish  anything. 
It  was  therefore  thought  best  to  locate  some  of  the 
representative  types  clearly  and  distinctly  rather  than 
to  attempt  to  locate  all  from  which  none  could  be 
definitely  found.  Try  to  find  shrubs  or  trees  on  the 
maps  at  easily  distinguishable  points  and  work  from 
these  to  others,  verifying,  as  you  go  along,  by  the 
descriptive  text.  If  you  find  you  have  not  judged 
the  distance  rightly,  the  descriptive  text  should  act  as 
a  guide  to  set  you  right. 

The  best  results,  in  the  use  of  this  handbook,  will 
be  obtained  if  the  rambler  will  follow  up  the  identifi- 
cation effected  by  it,  with  a  more  extended  study  of 
each  tree  or  shrub,  pursuing  the  details  of  leaf, 
flower,  bark  and  bud  in  botanical  text  books  or 
larger  works  of  reference,  such  as  cyclopedias  on 
horticulture. 

For  these  more  extended  studies,  I  strongly  recom- 
mend Gray's  "Field,  Forest,  and  Garden  Botany," 
revised  by  Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey;  Keeler's  "Our  Native 
Trees"  and  "Our  Northern  Shrubs";  Apgar's  "Trees 
of  the  Northern  United  States";  Dame  and  Brooks's 
"Handbook  of  the  Trees  of  New  England."  Any  of 


IX 


these  will  make  a  good  field  book  to  take  with  you  on 
your  rambles.  Of  the  larger  works,  for  reference,  the 
following  are  of  great  practical  value:  Bailey's  "Cy- 
clopedia of  Horticulture";  Loudon's  "Cyclopedia  of 
Trees";  Britton  and  Brown's  "Flora  of  the  North- 
eastern United  States";  and  Emerson's  "Report  on 
the  Trees  and  Shrubs  of  Massachusetts."  These  can 
be  consulted  in  any  good-sized  library. 

In  the  preparation  and  completion  of  this  book  I 
wish  to  express,  with  considerable  emphasis,  my 
acknowledgment  of  the  courtesy  extended  to  me  in 
my  field  work  by  the  Park  Department ;  especially  by 
Commissioner  John  J.  Pallas,  Secretary  Willis  Holly, 
Assistant  Secretary  Col.  Clinton  H.  Smith,  Ex-Com- 
missioner William  R.  Wilcox,  and  Ex-Secretary 
George  S.  Terry.  My  thanks  are  also  hereby  tendered 
to  Mr.  Robert  Huhn,  Foreman  Gardener,  of  the  Park 
Department,  for  his  very  considerable  aid,  most 
generously  given. 

My  acknowledgments  for  valuable  information 
regarding  rare  varieties  are  hereby  tendered  to  Dr. 
Charles  H.  Peck,  State  Botanist  of  New  York;  to 
Messrs.  Ellwanger  and  Barry  of  the  Mount  Hope  Nur- 
series, Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  to  the  Shady  Hill  Nurseries, 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  to  Mr.  Theodore  Lawlor  of 
Flushing,  N.  Y.  I  wish  also  to  express  here  my 
appreciation  of  the  very  faithful  and  laborious  work 
of  my  wife,  Nellie  Marvin  Peet,  in  the  preparation  and 
completion  of  the  index  of  this  book.  My  thanks  are 
also  acknowledged  to  Mr.  Edward  Yorke  Farquhar, 


of  Brooklyn,  for  his  very  skillful  work  on  the 
maps  of  this  book  and  to  Mr.  Gilbert  Dennis,  of 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  for  his  painstaking  efforts  to 
bring  out  the  characteristics  of  the  trees  and  shrubs 
photographed  for  its  illustrations. 

Louis  HARMAN  PEET. 
755  Ocean  Avenue, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


CONTENTS. 


I.     The  Pond  and  Vicinity 9 

II.     The  Ball  Ground  and  Vicinity 61 

III.  The  Mall  and  Vicinity 103 

IV.  The  Green  and  Vicinity 131 

V.     East   Seventy-second   Street  to   East   Seventy- 
ninth  Street 153 

VI.     The  Terrace 169 

VII.     The  Ramble 187 

VIII.     West  Seventy-second  Street  to  West  Seventy- 
ninth  Street 225 

IX.     East  Seventy-ninth  Street  to  East  Eighty-fifth 

Street 241 

X.     West    Seventy-ninth   Street   to   West    Eighty- 
sixth  Street 255 

XI.     East  Ninetieth  Street  and  Vicinity 270 

XII.     West  Ninetieth  Street  and  Vicinity 275 

XIII.  East  Ninety-sixth  Street  to  East  One  Hundred 

and  Second  Street 287 

XIV.  West  Ninety-sixth  Street  to  the  Pool 301 

XV.     Harlem  Meer  and  Vicinity 319 

XVI.     The  Concourse  and  Vicinity 345 

LIST  OF  MAPS. 
General  Index  Map Frontispiece 

PAGES  PAGES 

Map  No.  i 2—3  Map  No.     9 236—237 

Map  No.  2 54—55  Map  No.  10 248-249 

Map  No.  3 96-97  Map  No.  1 1 268 

Map  No.  4 124-125  Map  No.  12 272 

Map  No.  5 146-147  Map  No.  13 282-283 

Map  No.  6 162-163  MaP  No.  14 294-295 

Map  No.  7 180-181  Map  No.  15 312-313 

Map  No.  8 218-219  Map  No.  16 338-339 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PACING  PAGE 

Alder,  Heart-leaved 3 1,  34 

Ash,  Bosc's  Red 48 

Bay,  Sweet 172 

Beech,  Weeping  European 188 

Birch;  Red,  River  or  Black 25 

Cedar,  Japan 260 

Cedar,  Japan  (Leaf-sprays) 196 

Cedar  of  Lebanon 265 

Cherry,  Mahaleb 78 

Cork  Tree,  Chinese 330 

Elm,  Camperdown 115 

Elm,  Siberian 112 

Ginkgo  Trees 119 

Hop  Tree  or  Shrubby  Trefoil 227 

Idesia 328 

Larch,  Chinese  Golden 258 

Magnolia,  Great-leaved 174 

Magnolia,  Swamp 172 

Maple,  Ash-leaved  (Flowers) 335 

Maple,  Norway  (Flowers) 87 

Maple,  Striped  (Flowers) 321 

Ninebark 259 

Oak,  Willow -. 156 

Pine,  Bhotan 257 

Pine,  Swiss  Stone 263 

Pine,  Western  Yellow 332 

Pond,  The 32 

Spiraea,  Reeve's 262 

White  Beam  Tree 139 

Yellowwood 159 


TREES  AND  SHRUBS 
OF  CENTRAL  PARK 


o« 


Explanations,  Map  No.  1 


ii. 

12. 

13- 
14. 

J5- 
16. 

i7- 

18. 
19. 

20. 

21. 


22. 
23- 

24. 


COMMON  NAME. 

American  or  White  Elm. 

European  Flowering  Ash. 

Silver  or  White  Maple. 

Wild  Red  Osier. 

White  Pine. 

Weeping  Willow. 

Bald  Cypress. 

Japan  Quince. 

Common  Sweet  Pepper 
Bush. 

American  Hornbeam, 
Blue  Beech,  Water 
Beech. 

Black  Haw. 

Black  Cherry. 

Japan  Hedge  Bindweed. 

Common  Privet. 

Arrowwood. 

Austrian  Pine. 

Cottonwood  or  Carolina 
Poplar. 

Golden  Bell  or  Forsythia. 

Koelreuteria  or  Varnish 
Tree. 

California  Privet. 

Globe   Flower,   Japan 
Rose  or  Kerria.     (In- 
correctly, Corchorus.) 

Rhodo  typos. 

Weigela.  (Light  pink 
flowers.) 

English  or  Field  Maple. 

Ninebark. 


26.  Golden-leaved  Ninebark. 

27.  European  Honeysuckle. 

28.  Slender  Deutzia. 


BOTANICAL  NAME. 

Ulmus  Americana. 
Fraxinus  ornus. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Cornus  stolonifera. 
Pinus  strobus. 
Salix  Babylonica. 
Taxodium  distichum. 
Cydonia  Japonica. 
Clethra  alnifolia. 

Carpinus  Caroliniana. 


Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Polygonum  cuspidatum. 
Ligustrum  vulgare. 
Viburnum  dentatum. 
Pinus  Austriaca. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Forsythia  viridissima. 
Kcelreuteria  paniculata. 

Ligustrum  ovalifolium. 
Kerria  Japonica. 


Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Diervilla  amabilis. 

Acer  campestre. 
Physocarpus  (or  Spiraa) 

opulifolia. 
Physocarpus  (or  Spiraa) 

opulifolia,  var.  aurea. 
Lonicera  caprifolium. 
Deutzia  gracilis. 


COMMON  NAME 

29.  Fern-leaved  Beech. 

30.  Japan    Arbor    Vitae. 

(Plume-leaved.) 

31.  Paulo wnia. 

32.  River  Birch,  Red  Birch, 

Black  Birch. 

33.  Sycamore  Maple. 

34.  White  Mulberry. 

35.  Scotch  Elm. 

36.  Scarlet  Oak. 

37.  Dwarf  Mountain  Sumac. 

38.  French  Tamarisk. 

39.  Honey  Locust. 

40.  English  Hawthorn. 

41.  Common  Buckthorn. 

42.  Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 

43.  Sassafras. 

44.  Ash-leaved  Maple  or  Box 

Elder. 

45.  Common  Locust. 

46.  Bristly  Locust,  Rose  Aca- 

cia or  Moss  Locust. 

47.  American  Hornbeam. 

48.  European  Purple  Beech. 

49.  Red  Maple. 

50.  Heart-leaved  Alder. 

5 1 .  Smooth  Sumac. 

52.  Lombardy  Poplar. 
5  3 .  Cockspur  Thorn. 

54.  Bay  or  Laurel-leaved 

Willow. 

55.  English  Elm. 

56.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

57.  Red  Oak. 

58.  Hardy   or   Panicled   Hy- 

drangea. 

59.  English  Oak. 

60.  Staghorn  Sumac. 

6 1.  Scotch  Pine. 

62.  Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 

Forsythia. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Fagus    sylvatica,  var.    hetero- 

phylla. 
Chamaecyparis     (or    Retinos- 

pord)     pisifera,     var.     plu- 

mosa. 

PaulouJnia  imperialis. 
Betula  nigra. 

Acer  pseiidoplatanus. 
Morus  alba. 
Ulmus  Montana. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Rhus  copallina. 
Tamarix  Gallica. 
Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
CratcBgus  oxyacantha. 
Rhamnus  cathartica. 
Ailanthus  glandulosus. 

Sassafras  officinale. 
Negundo  aceroides. 

Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Robinia  hispida. 

Carpinus  Caroliniana. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  atro pur- 
pur  ea. 

Acer  rubrum. 

Aln'us  cordifolia. 

Rhus  glabra. 

Populus  dilatata. 

Crat&gus  crus-galli. 

Salix  pentandra  (or  lauri- 
folia. 

Ulmus  campestris. 

Lonicera  fragrantissima. 

Quercus  rubra. 

Hydrangea  paniculata,  var. 
grandiftora. 

Quercus  robur. 

Rhus  typhina. 

Pinus  sylvestris 

Forsythia  suspensa. 


53- 
64. 
65- 
66. 

67, 

68. 
69. 

70. 

71- 
72. 

73- 
74- 

75- 

76. 


79- 
80. 
81. 
82. 


84- 
85- 
86. 

87- 
88. 

89. 

90. 
91. 
92. 

93- 
94- 
95' 
96. 

97' 


COMMON  NAME 

Large- thorned  Hawthorn 
Common  Horsechestnut. 
Van  Houtte's  Spiraea. 
Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 
European  or  Tree  Alder. 
European  White  Birch. 
European  Beech. 
Large-flowered  Mock 

Orange  or  Syringa. 
Cephalotaxus. 
Hardy  or  Western  Catalpa. 
Pearl  Bush. 
Hall's  Japan  Magnolia. 
Large-flowered       Mock 

Orange  or  Syringa. 
Smooth-leaved  English 

Elm. 

Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 
Scotch  Elm. 

*  Cut-leaved  English  Oak. 
Cockspur  Thorn. 
Yellow  or  Sweet  Buckeye. 
Red  Maple. 
Purple-leaved    Sycamore 

Maple. 

Red  Buckeye. 
Late-flowering  Tamarisk. 
Washington  Thorn. 
Acanthopanax. 
Japan  Lemon. 
Mock    Orange    or    Sweet 

Syringa. 

Judas  Tree  or  Redbud. 
English  Hawthorn. 
Pignut  or  Broom  Hickory. 
Dotted-fruited  Hawthorn. 
Persimmon. 
Shagbark  Hickory. 
White  Oak. 

Pignut  or  Broom  Hick- 
ory. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Crataegus  macracantha. 
ALsculus  hippocastanum. 
Spiraa  Van  Houttei. 
Catalpa  bignontoides. 

Alnus  glutinosa. 
Betula  alba. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Phttadelphus  grandiftorus. 

Cephalotaxus  Fortunii. 
Catalpa  speciosa. 
Exochorda  grandiftora. 
Magnolia  stellata  (or  Halliana) 
Phuadelphus  grandiftorus. 

Ulmus  campestrit,   var.  lavis 

(or  glabra). 

Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Ulmus  Montana. 

guvrcus  robur,  var.  filicifolia. 
ratagus  crus-galli. 
jEscutus  ftava. 
Acer  rubrum. 

Acer  pseudoplatanus,  var.  pur- 
pur  ea. 

ALsculus  pavia. 
Tamarix  Indica. 
CratcBgus  cor  data. 
Aralia  pentaphylla. 
Citrus  trifoliata. 
Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Cercis  Canadensis. 
Crat&gus  oxyacantha. 
Gary  a  porcina. 
Cratcsgus  punctata. 
Diospyros  Virginiana. 
Gary  a  alba. 
Quercus  alba. 
Carya  porcina. 


*Cut  out  while  MS.  was  going  through  press. 


COMMON  NAME 

98.  Bosc's  Red  Ash. 

99.  Panicled  Dogwood. 

100.  Double-flowered     Euro- 

pean Raspberry. 

101.  Cockspur  Thorn 

1 02.  American  Chestnut. 

103.  Japan  Pagoda  Tree. 

104.  Norway  Maple. 

105.  Mockernut  or  Whiteheart 

Hickory. 

1 06.  Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted. 

107.  Fontanesia. 

1 08.  Persian  Lilac. 

109.  Japan  Quince, 
no.  Cornelian  Cherry. 

in.  Shadbush,  June  Berry,  or 
Service  Berry. 

112.  Osage  Orange. 

113.  Tree  Box  or  Boxwood. 

114.  Hop    Tree    or    Shrubby 

Trefoil. 

115.  Oak-leaved  Hydrangea. 

116.  Fringe  Tree. 

117.  Purple-leaved  European 

Hazel. 

118.  Stan  dish's  Honeysuckle. 

119.  American  White  or  Gray 

Birch. 

120.  Carolina  Allspice  or  Sweet 

Scented    Strawberry 
Shrub. 

121.  Double-flowered    Bridal 

Wreath  Spiraea. 

122.  American  Bladder  Nut. 

123.  Mountain  or  Red-Berried 

Elder. 

124.  Chinese  Privet. 

125.  Weigela    (creamy   white 

flowers,     changing    to 
rose  pink). 

126.  Tartarian  Honeysuckle. 

127.  Spanish  Chestnut. 

128.  Scentless  Syringa. 

129.  Gordon's  Syringa. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Fraxinus  pubescens,  var.  Bosci. 

Cornus  paniculata. 

Rubus  fruticosa,  var.  flore 
plena. 

Cratcegus  crus-galli. 

Castanea  saliva,  var.  Ameri- 
cana. 

Sophora  Japonica. 

Acer  platanoides. 

Carya  tomentosa. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua. 
Fontanesia  Fortunei. 
Syringa  Persica. 
Cydonia  Japomca. 
Cornus  mascula. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 

Maclura  aurantiaca. 
Buxus  sempervirens. 
Ptelea  trijohata. 

Hydrangea  quercifolia. 
Cnionanthus  Virginica. 
Corylus    Avellana,    var.    pur- 
pur  ea. 

Lonicera  Standishii. 
Betula  popultfolia. 

Calycanthus  floridus. 


Spiraza  prunifolia,   var.   ftore 

pleno. 

Staphylea  trifolia. 
Sambucus  racemosa. 

LigustrumIbota,yar.Amurensis 
Diervilla  grandiflora. 


Lonicera  Tartarica. 
Castanea  sativa. 
Philadelphus  inodorus 
Philadelphus  Gordonianus. 


TREES  AND  SHRUBS 

OF  CENTRAL  PARK 


i. 

THE  POND  AND  VICINITY. 

As  you  enter  the  Park  at  the  Plaza  Entrance, 
Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-ninth  Street,  if  you  love 
color  and  the  flash  of  crystal  light  over  glossy  leaves, 
you  will  stop  to  look  at  the  lusty  bushes  of  Califor- 
nian  privet  on  your  left.  Their  rich  life-full  deep 
green  foliage  flings  off  the  light  in  white  fire  at  every 
touch  of  the  breeze,  and,  if  you  watch  them  sway, 
you  will  see  the  deep  sea-green  flash  into  lighter 
green,  as  they  toss  up  the  undersides  of  their  leaves 
or  perchance  your  eye  will  catch  that  ice-like  glint  of 
white  sunlight  just  as  they  turn. 

One  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the  Californian 
privet.  You  can  know  that  it  is  the  Californian 
privet  and  not  the  common  privet  by  its  leaves,  which 
are  larger  and  oval,  while  the  leaves  of  the  common 
privet  (Ligustrum  vulgare)  are  eliptic  -  lanceolate. 
Besides,  the  Californian's  color  is  richer,  glossier  and 
more  of  a  deep  sea-green  shade,  while  the  common 
privet's  leaf  has  more  of  a  bottle-green  color. 


IO 

If  you  should  happen  to  pass  these  bushes  in  early 
summer  (June),  you  will  see  their  bloom-panicles 
of  white  flowers  (mostly  at  the  ends  of  the  branches). 
The  flowers  are  four  petalled  and  their  corollas  are 
funnel  form.  They  are  to  me,  at  least,  very  unpleas- 
ant in  their  odor — a  sickish  smell,  which  I  wish  to 
get  away  from  as  soon  as  I  come  near  it.  These 
flowers  change  into  small  black  berries. 

This  beautiful  species  of  privet,  though  known  gen- 
erally as  Californian  privet,  really  comes  from  China 
and  Japan.  It  is  a  profuse  bloomer  and  in  its  season 
is  covered  with  its  white  flower  clusters.  In  the 
autumn  its  leaves  turn  a  beautiful  cold  bronze  and 
their  glossy,  satin-like  finish  makes  their  effects  truly 
exquisite. 

Not  very  far  along  a  little  by-path  slips  away  at 
your  left  down  an  easy  run  of  stone  steps  toward  the 
Pond.  The  Californian  privet  makes  a  bower  of  it, 
shooting  out  its  lances  of  straight  branches  like 
masses  of  soldiery  at  charge  bayonets. 

As  you  go  down  the  'steps  at  your  right,  a 
little  back  from  the  steps,  half  hidden  by  the  sur- 
rounding shrubbery,  chiefly  privet,  you  will  see  a 
small  tree  with  a  low-branching,  rather  squat  trunk. 
Were  the  tree  not  so  hidden,  you  would  notice  that  its 
bark  is  of  a  brittle-looking  gray.  Its  limbs  are  lumpy 
looking  in  spots  and  it  carries  a  compound  leaf  made 
up  of  from  five  to  nine  lance-oblong  leaflets.  These 
leaflets  often  have  their  margins  crumpled  and  curled. 
The  tree  is  the  manna  tree  or  European  flowering 
ash,  and  is  used  very  extensively  as  an  ornamental 


II 

tree  in  park  planting.  Why  it  is  called  manna  tree 
does  not  appear  so  readily  as  its  name  "flowering 
ash."  This  fits  it  well,  for  in  late  May  or  early  June 
it  fluffs  its  boughs  most  gorgeously  with  fringe-like 
masses  of  greenish-white  flowers  borne  at  the  ends 
of  the  branches.  These  are  very  conspicuous  and 
show  all  over  the  tree  in  great  clusters.  They  change 
later  into  the  samaras  so  characteristic  of  the  ash 
family,  very  beautiful  in  autumn  and  early  winter, 
when  they  cling  to  the  branches  in  clusters  of  soft 
fawn-colored  brown.  The  wind  makes  a  delicate, 
crispy,  tinkling  music  through  them,  which  I,  for  one, 
love  to  hear  on  a  brisk  wintry  day,  with  the  snow 
sparkling  all  over  in  diamonds  and  the  wind  sweep- 
ing the  blue  sky  clear  of  clouds.  The  tree  gets  the 
name  Manna  from  the  juice  obtained  by  cutting  into 
the  bark.  It  is  a  native  of  Sicily  and  Southern  Eu- 
rope. 

Close  down  by  the  left  of  the  bottom  step  you  will 
find  a  shrub  which  you  will  meet  with  frequently  along 
the  walks  of  this  Park.  It  is  the  Rhodotypos  kerrioides 
from  Japan.  You  will  know  it  by  its  rather  sharply- 
pointed,  ovate  leaves,  which  are  beautifully  doubly 
serrate.  Turn  the  leaves  over  and  you  will  see  that 
they  have  considerable  pubescence,  markedly  covered 
with  fine,  silky  hairs.  This  is  especially  noticeable  when 
the  leaves  are  young.  It  gets  its  generic  name  from 
two  Greek  words  meaning  rose  and  type,  and  the  spe- 
cific kerrioides  refers  to  its  resemblance  to  the  kerria. 
Indeed,  its  leaf  looks  very  much  like  an  enlarged  edition 
of  the  kerrias.  The  Rhodotypos  is  conspicuous  for  its 


12 

branching  habit,  twisting  its  forks  here,  there,  every- 
where. It  flowers  in  May  or  June,  and  throws  out 
large,  solitary  white  blossoms  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches.  These  flowers  are  succeeded  by  beautiful 
berries,  rich,  shining  black-purple,  in  close  clusters, 
four  or  five  together.  The  berries  are  conspicuously 
surrounded  by  the  very  large  and  persistent  calyx. 
Of  all  the  berries  which  September  loves  to  work  over, 
I  do  not  think  there  is  one  that  compares  with  the  finish 
and  gloss  of  the  beady  gems  that  sparkle  and  toss  in 
the  sunshine  of  a  bright  autumn  day  on  the  branches 
of  the  Rhodotypos. 

The  little  arm  of  pathway  leads  out  upon  another 
Walk  that  branches  right  and  left  to  enfold  the  sleep- 
ing waters  of  the  Pond.  As  you  come  from  the  bowers 
of  canopied  green,  at  the  junction  of  the  Walk,  on  your 
right,  is  a  fine  old  American  elm.  On  your  left  is 
white  pine.  Directly  in  front  of  you,  as  you  look 
toward  the  water,  about  midway  between  you  and  the 
water,  is,  generally  speaking,  one  of  the  loveliest  of 
Park  trees,  I  think.  Tall,  'graceful,  aspiring,  with  a 
conical,  spire-like  head  which  waves  in  easy  motion  to 
every  breeze  or  bows  majestically  in  dignified  submis- 
sion to  the  harder  winds,  like  a  king  to  the  will  of  a 
higher  power,  stands  a  bald  cypress  ( Taxodium  dis- 
tichum).  You  can  recognize  it  by  its  form  alone, 
which,  as  has  been  said,  is  tall,  slender  and  spire-like. 
When  in  foliage,  for  the  tree  is  deciduous,  its  delicate, 
feather-spray  leaves,  which  are  flat  and  two-ranked 
(distichum),  give  its  foliage  a  very  soft  and  fine  effect. 
The  bald  cypress  is  especially  lovely  at  two  seasons  of 


13 

the  year — in  spring,  when  it  puts  forth  its  leaves  of 
tender  green;  in  autumn,  when  its  feathery  foliage 
turns  to  the  softest  shades  of  old  gold  and  brown  or 
orange-brown,  lovely  beyond  words  against  the  deep 
blue  of  an  October  sky.  Even  in  winter  the  bald 
cypress  has  a  fine  beauty.  Being  deciduous,  it  drops 
its  leaves,  like  the  larch,  and  I  know  of  no  finer,  more 
delicate  sight  in  winter  than  the  exquisite  effect  of  this 
tree's  wire-like  framework  of  bare  branches  against 
the  golden  flame  of  a  dying  winter's  day. 

The  tree  grows  to  very  large  proportions  in  the 
southern  swamps,  especially  in  Florida.  It  gets  its 
name,  Taxodium,  from  two  Greek  words  meaning  yew- 
like,  which  refers  to  the  leaves.  In  the  autumn  you 
may  chance  to  see  its  fruit,  little  round  cones,  hanging 
like  small  green  apples,  amid  the  fast  thinning  leaves. 
These  cones  are  very  interesting  things,  and  if  you  look 
sharply  about  the  base  of  the  tree  you  may  find  bits  of 
them,  for  they  split  apart  and  fall  in  pieces.  The  scales 
are  valvate,  that  is,  join  edge  to  edge,  and  if  you  find 
pieces  enough  you  may  be  able  to  reconstruct  the  whole 
cone  or  seed  ball. 

As  we  stand  here  facing  the  bald  cypress,  the  Walk 
runs  to  the  right  and  to  the  left  about  the  Pond.  We 
will  take  the  left  hand  now,  and  go  westward  with  it, 
along  the  southern  border  of  the  Pond  and  parallel 
with  Fifty-ninth  Street.  Proceeding  then  westward, 
along  the  southern  border  of  the  Pond,  a  little  beyond 
the  bald  cypress,  you  pass  beneath  the  overhanging 
tresses  of  a  fine  old  weeping  willow.  I  suppose  there 
is  no  one  who  does  not  know  a  weeping  willow,  so  it 


14 

is  not  necessary  to  delay  longer  over  its  description. 
Its  very  form  is  enough  to  identify  it.  But  in  passing 
let  me  say  that  I,  for  one,  think  it  is  a  tree  of  great 
beauty.  Its  long,  sweeping  vails  of  hanging  green, 
rustling  with  low,  sweet  music  on  a  fair  summer  day, 
suggests  falling  waters,  and  when  the  breeze  turns  its 
leaves,  what  rippling  lights  of  soft  gray  fleck  down 
the  graceful  tresses! 

Midway  between  this  tree  and  the  bald  cypress  just 
spoken  of  is  another  European  flowering  ash.  Its  leaf- 
lets run  in  sevens  and  nines,  and  it  stands  about  oppo- 
site the  weeping  willow.  On  the  left  of  the  Walk  is  a 
small  Austrian  pine.  You  can  know  it  at  once  by  the 
bunching  growth  of  its  leaves,  by  its  stocky,  thick-set 
look.  Its  leaves  grow  two  together  in  a  bundle 
(fascicle)  and  are  of  a  dark  green  color,  very  sharp- 
pointed  (mucronate)  and  rather  stiffish  in  texture, 
with  quite  a  decided  incurve.  The  dark  green  color 
of  the  Austrian's  leaves  gives  the  tree,  when  well  grown, 
a  handsome,  furry  effect  in  winter. 

A  little  further  on,  you  pass  Japan  quince,  easily 
known,  summer  or  winter,  by  its  thorns.  In  early 
spring  this  bush  is  a  torch  of  crimson-colored  flowers, 
and  all  over  the  Park,  then,  you  can  see  it  glowing  in 
crimson,  pink  and  white.  This  bush  is  very  near  the 
fence,  on  your  right,  and,  opposite  to  it,  on  the  left,  is 
a  fine  bald  cypress. 

A  little  further  along,  you  pass,  on  your  right,  an- 
other noble  old  weeping  willow,  then  bald  cypress 
again,  tall  and  stately.  To  the  right  of  this  bald 
cypress,  on  the  point  of  land  swelling  out  here,  is  a 


15 

fine  mass  of  arrowwood.  It  has  beautifully  saw-cut 
leaves.  This  saw-cut  notching  is  enough  to  identify 
it  as  the  arrowwood  (Virburnum  dentatum').  In  June 
it  sends  out  its  flowers,  conspicuous,  flat-topped  clus- 
ters or  cymes  of  small,  five-lobed  blossoms,  and  these 
change  into  small,  one-seeded,  shining  blue  berries 
(drupes)  having  flattened  seeds,  and  are  usually  ripe 
in  September. 

Passing  on,  westward,  you  go  by  good  sized  clumps 
of  Forsythia  viridissima.  This  is  the  golden  bell, 
which  is  among  the  earliest  of  the  shrubs  to  waken  in 
the  spring.  With  a  profusion  of  wealth,  it  fairly  foams 
gold,  seeming  to  throw  it  forth  with  a  lavish  fullness, 
as  if  to  make  amends  for  the  harsh  paucity  of  winter. 
How  lovely  its  bells  hang  along  the  arching  sprays,  or 
rather  they  seem  more  like  stars,  with  their  four-lobed 
corollas  burning  against  the  bank.  It  is  a  cold  heart 
that  cannot  warm  with  the  sight  of  Forsythia  in  spring. 
The  viridissima  carries  a  very  distinguishing  leaf.  It 
is  lance-oblong  and  of  a  beautiful  deep,  clean  green. 
In  the  autumn  it  turns  a  rich,  smooth  bronze.  The 
shrub  takes  its  name  Forsythia  from  W.  A.  Forsyth,  an 
English  botanist.  Just  beyond  the  Forsythia  you  will 
pass  another  weeping  willow,  and  then  you  have  come 
to  the  eastern  edge  of  the  platform  that  marks  the 
resting  place  of  those  winged  water  sprites,  the  swan 
boats,  the  joy  of  the  children  in  summer.  How  you 
love  to  see  them  flap  off  and  sweep  over  the  dreaming 
waters  with  the  happy  faced  little  ones.  The  silver 
spangled  foam  churns  behind,  and  the  great  white  birds 
float  on  and  on.  Would  that  we  went  with  them  into 


i6 

that  wonderland  which  opens  only  for  those  childish 
eyes ! 

Directly  opposite  the  easterly  end  of  the  Swan  Boat 
House  platform,  on  your  left,  as  you  face  west,  stands 
a  fine  bald  cypress,  and  directly  opposite  the  little 
house  which  bears  the  sign  "Around  the  Lake,  5  cents," 
an  Austrian  pine  has  struck  its  feet  into  the  bank  with 
a  determined  grip.  Up  the  hill,  beyond  it,  a  few  feet, 
is  white  pine  again,  with  its  characteristic  level  reaches 
of  boughs  that  mark  it  so  distinctively.  Just  beyond 
the  Swan  Boat  House,  on  your  right,  as  you  continue 
westwards,  six  magnificent  cottonwoods  (Populus 
monilifera)  rise  up  beside  the  water  of  the  Pond. 
Tall  and  fair  and  majestic,  they  lift  their  heads  on 
strong  magnificent  columns.  If  you  love  to  see 
strength  of  hard-finished  bark,  come  and  stand  before 
these  noble  specimens  when  the  sunshine  is  playing 
over  their  rugged,  ridged  and  deeply-fissured  ashy- 
brown  bark.  Summer  or  winter,  these  trees  will  thrill 
you.  What  shadow  play  sleeps  in  their  ridged  bark! 
What  showers  of  sunlight  rain  from  their  leaves !  What 
majesty  and  nobility  in  their  lofty  trunks  as  they  tower 
heavenward!  They  seem  to  say  in  their  silent  way, 
which  is  so  eloquent:  "Lo,  here  have  we  set  our  feet, 
lo,  here  we  stay !"  I  defy  anyone  to  stand  before  these 
trees  without  a  feeling  of  reverence  and  respect,  with- 
out an  uplifting  of  spirit.  You  cannot  go  away  from 
them  without  having  had  a  sense  of  ennoblement.  All 
over  the  Park  you  meet  them,  foot  set  as  if  halted  in 
some  mighty  march  whose  music  has  never  yet  been 
writ  upon  the  staff,  marching  with  widespread  arms 


and  stately  poise;  each  like  some  winged  victory  of 
Samothrace,  to  join  the  hosts  of  the  primeval  forests. 

The  cottonwood  has  a  very  easily  distinguishable 
leaf,  one  which  you  cannot  mistake — large,  broad, 
spade-shaped  or  heart-shaped  (deltoid).  The  margin 
is  serrate  (notched)  with  cartilaginous  teeth.  The  leaf 
stems  (petioles)  are  noticeably  flattened  and  often  bear 
gland-like  protuberances  on  the  top.  In  early  spring 
the  tree  flowers  before  the  leaves  expand,  showing  its 
bloom  in  long,  drooping,  conspicuous  catkins,  which 
develop  later  into  seed  pods  that  burst  and  let  free 
the  seeds,  covered  with  cotton-like  down  which  the 
winds  drift  hither  and  thither,  dispersing  the  seeds  in 
the  way  that  Nature  has  ordered.  The  cotton-like 
down  has  given  the  name  to  the  tree,  and  in  fact  to 
the  whole  populns  family,  which  are  often  indiscrimi- 
nately called  cottonwoods  on  this  account.  About  half 
way  between  the  third  and  fourth  of  these  magnificent 
cottonwoods,  you  will  find,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  two 
very  interesting  trees.  They  are  often  called  Varnish 
trees,  and  they  belong  to  the  bladder-nut  family.  They 
are  from  China,  but  have  become  quite  naturalized 
here,  especially  in  parks  and  on  ornamental  grounds. 
The  botanical  name  of  the  tree  is  rather  imposing, 
Kcelreuteria  paniculata,  and  is  taken  from  Joseph 
Gottlieb  Kcelreuter,  a  German  botanist.  It  is  a  fair 
sized  tree  growing  from  about  twenty  to  forty  feet 
in  height,  with  a  rather  bunchy,  round  head,  "all 
head  and  shoulders."  You  can  know  it  easily  by  its 
long,  alternate  compound  leaves,  which  are  irregularly 
pinnate  and  made  up  of  several  thin,  coarsely-toothed 


i8 

leaflets.  In  summer  this  tree  throws  out  conspicuous 
clusters  of  yellow  flowers  in  dense  terminal  panicles, 
and  these  flowers  are  succeeded,  in  the  autumn,  by 
queer-looking  bladdery  pods  which  contain  the  seeds 
packed  away  in  three-celled  compartments  at  the  base 
of  the  pod.  These  pods  are  of  a  light  green  hue  at 
first,  but  change,  as  the  fall  comes  on,  to  a  bronze 
brown,  and,  as  they  are  very  conspicuous  and  hang  on 
the  tree  late  in  winter,  they  are  an  easy  means  of  iden- 
tification, for  the  rambler,  at  that  time  of  year. 

On  the  right  of  the  Walk,  diagonally  opposite  these 
two  Kcelreuterias  are  three  small  bushes,  not  any  of 
them  doing  over-well.  They  are  Tartarian  honey- 
suckle (the  easterly  bush),  Arrowwood  (the  middle 
bush,  with  saw-cut  leaves),  and  Spir&a  Van  Houttei 
(the  westerly  bush).  They  are  just  over  the  fence, 
about  midway  to  the  water. 

As  you  continue  along  the  Walk,  westward,  on  the 
left,  nearly  opposite  the  fourth  large  cottonwood,  you 
will  see  masses  of  ninebark,  Physocarpus  (or  Spircea) 
opulifolia.  You  can  know  them  by  their  rather  three 
lobed  leaves  and  by  the  tattered  shreds  of  bark  that 
cling  about  their  stems.  Surely  these  ragged  rem- 
nants seem  to  give  some  propriety  to  the  name  "nine- 
bark/'for  the  bark  certainly  looks  as  if  it  had  been 
peeled  more  than  nine  times.  Almost  under  this  hand- 
some cottonwood  is  a  young  Austrian  pine,  and  there 
is  another  coming  up  by  the  cottonwood,  near  the  lamp- 
post here. 

At  this  point  the  path  throws  off  a  short  arm  to  the 
left,  up  a  little  run  of  steps  toward  the  Sixth  Avenue 


19 

Gate.  As  we  turn  to  go  up,  we  must  note  the  pretty 
honeysuckle  which  garnishes  the  bank  on  our  right.  It 
is  a  brave  old  shrub,  with  rather  ovate,  glaucous  leaves, 
and  stands  on  the  right  of  the  lowest  step,  just  as  you 
start  to  go  up.  It  is  Lonicera  caprifolium  and,  in  early 
summer,  bears  yellow  or  yellowish-white  flowers,  whose 
tubes  are  very  slender,  rather  bluish,  but  not  gibbous. 
The  flowers  are  in  whorls,  on  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
which  seem  to  run  through  the  uppermost  two  or  three 
pairs  of  leaves.  This  characteristic  is  termed  by  botan- 
ists, connate,  that  is,  having  the  lower  lobes  united. 
If  you  look  at  this  plant  you  will  see  that  the  two  or 
three  pairs  of  its  uppermost  leaves  seem  to  be  grown 
together.  Its  other  leaves  are  mostly  obovate,  or 
slightly  acute.  They  are  also  quite  glaucous.  This 
honeysuckle  comes  from  Europe,  and  its  very  fragrant 
flowers  certainly  give  it  a  welcome  place  with  us. 

To  the  left  of  the  lowest  step,  the  Californian  privet 
flings  off  the  sunlight  from  its  polished  leaves  in  a 
cool  gloss  of  silver.  By  the  Californian  privet  here, 
nearer  the  left  of  the  lowest  steps,  you  will  find  Kerria 
Japonica,  Japan  rose,  often,  but  incorrectly,  termed 
Corchorus.  As  has  been  said  above,  the  leaf  of  the 
Rhodotypos  looks  very  much  like  a  larger  edition  of 
the  Kerria 's  leaf,  and  you  can  here  compare  them 
easily,  as  the  bush  just  above,  by  the  left  of  the  mid- 
dle steps,  is  Rhodotypos.  The  Kerria  gets  its  name 
from  a  British  botanist,  Bellenden  Ker.  It  blooms  in 
late  May  or  early  summer  with  handsome  orange- 
yellow  flowers  of  five  elliptical  petals.  Its  leaves  are 
thin,  lance-ovate  in  shape,  and  doubly  serrate.  The 


20 

Kerria  is  also  known  as  globe  flower  and  Jew's  mal- 
low. On  the  right  of  the  middle  steps  is  ninebark,  and 
just  below  it  golden-leaved  ninebark.  Up  the  steps 
again,  by  the  uppermost  stair,  you  will  find,  on  the 
right  and  on  the  left,  as  well,  good  specimens  of  the 
English  maple  (Acer  campestre),  also  called  English 
field  maple.  You  can  know  them  easily  by  their  leaves, 
which  are  usually  five-lobed  with  the  lobes  round-cut, 
making  them  look  bluntish  or  squared.  This  cutting 
of  the  leaf  gives  it  a  cordate  or  heart-shaped  appear- 
ance. The  English  maple  is  a  hardy  fellow  and  does 
well  all  over  the  Park.  If  you  compare  its  leaves 
with  those  of  the  Norway  maple,  you  will  be  impressed 
by  their  resemblance,  on  a  smaller  scale,  to  the  leaves 
of  that  tree.  They  look  like  square-cut  editions,  smaller 
and  trimmed,  of  the  Norway  maple's  leaves.  The 
English  maple  blooms  early  in  the  spring  and  throws 
out  pretty,  erect,  greenish  corymbs  of  flowers  which 
also  resemble  the  blossoms  of  the  Norway  maple  very 
closely,  except  that  they  haven't  that  full,  clear,  tender 
light  green  which  is  the  glory  of  the  Norway's  bloom. 
The  fruit,  or  keys,  of  the  English  maple  spread  very 
widely,  and  the  ends  tip  up  a  little,  giving  a  rather  pert 
effect,  which  is  very  pleasing. 

At  the  top  of  the  steps  we  are  confronted  by  the 
Sixth  Avenue  Gate.  We  will  not  go  out  by  it,  but, 
turning  to  the  right,  will  follow  the  trend  of  the  path 
toward  the  north. 

Not  very  far  along,  the  Walk  throws  off  a  path  to 
the  left.  Let  us  follow  it  for  a  short  space.  In  the 
point  of  its  fork,  on  the  right,  is  a  beautiful  clump  of 


21 

the  Deutsia  gracilis,  a  lovely  Japan  shrub,  about  two 
feet  high,  with  finely  serrated,  smooth,  bright  green 
ovate  lanceolate  leaves,  which  make  it  beautiful  even 
when  not  in  bloom.  In  bloom  (May)  it  is  a  fairy  sight, 
covered  with  its  snow-white  flowers — the  very  es- 
sence of  purity.  It  is  aptly  called  "Bridal  Wreath." 
It  gets  its  botanical  name  from  Johann  Deutz,  an  Am- 
sterdam botanist.  As  you  go  on  westwards,  nestling 
down  beside  the  Deutzia  is  the  lovable  little  Thunberg's 
barberry,  also  a  Japan  shrub.  You  can  know  it  at  once 
by  its  fine,  slender  branches  very  generously  beset  with 
sharp  spines,  or  by  its  very  small  obovate  leaves,  usually 
about  half  an  inch  long.  In  May  its  dainty  sprays  are 
set  with  very  beautiful  flowers,  waxy-yellow  with 
blood-red  sepals,  and  petals  softly  brushed  with  crim- 
son, like  the  first  flushes  of  rose  before  dawn.  But  if 
the  Thunberg  is  lovely  in  bloom,  it  is,  perhaps,  more 
so  in  fruit.  Come  upon  it  some  sparkling  September 
morning,  when  the  sunbeams  are  glistening  over  the 
bright,  coral-red  berries  which  hang  so  thickly  through 
its  now  crimson-tinted  leaves,  and  I  think  you  will 
agree  with  me  that  the  hardy  little  barberry  is  worthy 
of  its  frequent  placing  in  our  parks.  Directly  back 
of  the  Japan  barberry  is  a  large  mass  of  Rhodotypos, 
and,  further  along,  Kerria  Japonica,  and  then  Japan 
barberry  again.  Directly  opposite  to  this  bush,  on  the 
left,  stands  a  very  interesting  tree.  It  is  interesting 
because  it  is  often  mistaken  for  what  it  is  not.  It  is 
the  Paidownia  imperialis  and  is  so  similar  in  leaf  and 
form  of  growth  to  the  Catalpa,  that  it  is  constantly  mis- 
taken for  that  tree,  In  form  of  growth  it  has  a  slight 


22 

resemblance  to  the  Catalpa's  sprawl,  but  as  it  grows 
older  it  attains  a  far  more  lofty  and  dignified  aspect 
than  the  Catalpa  reaches.  But  in  leaf  the  two  trees  are 
very  similar,  and  this,  I  presume,  is  one  reason  why 
the  two  trees  are  so  often  confused  with  each  other. 
However,  though  slightly  similar  in  form  and  closely 
alike  in  leaf,  they  are  widey  different  in  flower,  fruit 
and  bark.  The  Catalpa  belongs  to  the  Bignoniacecz  or 
Bignonia  family,  while  the  Paulozvnia  belongs  to  the 
Scrophulariacece  or  Figwort  family.  The  bark  of  the 
Paulownia  is  very  much  like  that  of  the  Ailanthus, 
dusky,  often  smoky  gray,  with  fine,  silvery  flashings 
of  streaks  through  the  gray.  Its  leaf  is  large,  some- 
times a  foot  long,  and  generally  quite  hairy  on  the 
underside.  Early  in  the  spring  this  tree,  if  the  win- 
ter has  not  been  too  severe,  for  its  buds  frost  kill 
very  easily,  breaks  forth  into  lovely  bloom,  sending  out 
beautiful,  violet-colored,  heavily-fragrant  flowers  of 
long  funnel  form,  with  flaring  corolla  lobes.  In  winter 
it  is  a  very  interesting  tree,  because  of  its  conspicuous 
fruit  and  bud  clusters  of  next  spring's  flowers.  They 
are  easily  seen  on  the  upper  branches  of  the  tree,  clearly 
and  distinctly  against  the  sky,  resembling  bunches  of 
grapes  with  the  grapes  picked  off.  The  fruit  of  the 
tree  is  a  dry  egg-shaped  capsule  about  an  inch  and  a 
half  long,  strongly  pointed,  and  densely  packed  with 
the  flat-winged  brown  seeds. 

Proceeding  westwards  again,  just  beyond  the  Japan 
barberry,  you  come  upon  Rhodotypos,  and  a  little  back 
of  it  and  beyond,  toward  the  northwest,  stands  a  fine 
young,  fern-leaved  beech  of  the  European  variety. 


23 

You  can  easily  know  this  tree  by  its  beautifully-cut 
leaves,  which  make  you  think  of  ferns  the  moment 
you  see  them.  You  can  know  it  in  winter  by  its  light 
gray,  smooth  bark,  and  by  its  long-pointed,  brownish, 
cigar-shaped  buds.  These  long-pointed,  cigar-like 
buds  are  the  sure  winter  mark  of  the  beech.  They 
are  distinctive  of  the  beech  alone,  and  you  can  be  posi- 
tive of  the  tree's  identity  from  their  testimony  alone. 

Nearer  the  Walk  again,  as  you  go  on,  growing  low 
down,  on  your  right,  with  closely-clumped,  bayonet-like 
leaves,  is  the  Yucca  filamentosa,  or  Adam's  needle.  In 
midsummer  it  sends  up  a  long,  straight  shaft  several 
feet  high  from  its  midst  and  from  the  top  of  this  shaft 
or  scape  the  plant  throws  out  its  handsome  bloom,  large, 
showy,  white  flowers,  delicately  tinted  with  green  on 
the  outside.  It  belongs  to  the  lily  farnily,  and  is  some- 
times called  palm  lily.  Another  common  name  for  it 
is  silk  grass,  though  it  is  probably  more  generally 
known  by  the  name  "Adam's  Needle."  Back  of  the 
Adam's  Needle  you  will  see  a  handsome  evergreen. 
Its  fine  feather-spray  of  leaves,  so  distinctly  plume- 
like  in  appearance,  with  the  rather  conical  or  pyramidal 
form  of  the  conifer,  will  easily  identify  it  for  you.  It 
is  a  Chamsecyparis  (ground  cypress)  or  a  Retinospora 
(that  is,  it  has  a  resin  sac  in  its  seed)  of  the  variety 
plumosa.  For  fineness  of  effect  among  the  Japan  arbor 
vitae,  the  foliage  of  the  plumosa  (with  its  golden- 
leaved  variety  aurea)  is  surpassingly  beautiful. 

Close  by  the  Walk,  as  you  go,  at  your  right  still,  low 
down  and  growing  about  a  foot  high,  you  will  see 
bushes  with  very  willow-like  looking  leaves.  These 


24 

are  herbaceous  plants,  termed  Amsonia  salicifolia  or 
willow-leaved  Amsonia.  They  get  their  name  from 
Charles  Amson.  The  Amsonia  belongs  to  the  dogbane 
family.  It  bears  very  pretty  sky-blue,  star-like  flowers 
with  salver-shaped  corollas  in  May;  dies  down  to 
the  ground  in  winter,  and  comes  up  again  from  the 
roots  in  spring.  A  little  further  along  you  will  see  a 
healthy  young  American  hornbeam,  with  the  birch-like 
leaves  which  are  so  characteristic  of  the  hornbeam. 
Further  on,  you  come  to  another  good  clump  of  Am- 
sonia, and  beyond  it  Reeve's  spiraa,  with  lance-oblong 
leaves,  often  quite  distinctly  three-pointed.  This 
Spiraea  bears  very  showy  white  flowers  in  June,  in 
large  corymbs.  Growing  in  with  it  is  a  young  English 
maple. 

Continuing  along,  you  meet,  still  on  your  right,  a 
little  back  from  the  Walk,  by  the  rocks,  a  broad-spread- 
ing, brown-barked  tree  with  smooth,  shining  light- 
green  leaves,  which  are  variously  shaped,  some  mitten- 
like  with  the  thumb  on  one  side  or  the  other,  or  both 
sides  at  once,  some  without'  the  thumb  at  all.  These 
mitten-shaped  leaves  tell  you  at  once  that  it  is  a  mul- 
berry, and  its  smooth  (upper  side),  shining  leaves  tell 
you  it  is  the  white  mulberry.  You  cannot  mistake 
this  tree,  for  it  stands  directly  opposite  a  lamp-post 
which  stares  boldly  upon  it  from  the  other  (your  left) 
side  of  the  Walk.  Directly  under  this  handsome  mul- 
berry are  great  masses  of  the  Japan  variety  of  hedge 
bind-weed,  Polygonum  cuspidatum  or  Polygonum  Sie- 
boldi,  with  splendid,  broad,  oval-oblong  stalked  leaves 
which  come  to  an  acute  point  at  the  tip.  This  bushy 


PQ     oi 

ii 

pq 


25 

perennial  flings  itself  right  and  left  in  glorious  abandon, 
arching  its  striped  stems,  beautifully  tinged  with  crim- 
son here,  there,  everywhere,  and  if  you  happen  to  pass 
it  in  late  August  you  will  surely  have  to  stop  to  look 
at  the  fine  feather-sprays  of  its  delicate  flowers  which 
float  out  and  droop  in  pretty  fluffy  little  panicles  from 
four  to  six  inches  long,  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 
Close  by  the  Walk  again,  at  your  right,  nestling  very 
near  the  fence,  is  Deutzia  gracilis  again,  and  beyond  it 
syringa  (Philadelphus  grandiflorus') . 

Beyond  the  lamp-post,  you  pass,  on  the  left,  a  very 
interesting  birch  tree,  the  red  or  river  birch,  often  called 
also  the  black  birch.  You  will  know  it  easily  by  its 
shaggy-looking  bark,  especially  tattered  and  ragged  on 
the  upper  parts  of  the  tree.  In  other  portions  of  the 
Park  you  will  find  this  tree  exceedingly  shaggy,  with 
its  tattered  ends  curled  back,  looking  very  much  like 
the  bark  of  the  yellow  birch.  The  general  tone  color  of 
the  red  birch's  bark  is  slaty-gray  with  a  beautiful  crim- 
son flush  through  it.  This  reddish-brown  tinge  almost 
identifies  the  tree  in  itself.  If  you  have  any  doubts 
about  it,  though,  look  at  its  leaves.  They  are  dis- 
tinctly different  from  any  other  birch  in  the  Park, 
being  decidedly  rhombic  ovate,  acute  at  both  top  and 
bottom,  and  very  noticeably  double  serrate.  If  you  love 
to  look  at  rough  bark,  the  red  birch,  in  its  glory,  will 
satisfy  your  eye  completely.  For  my  part,  I  love  to 
come  upon  its  shaggy  beauty. 

As  you  go  on  westwards,  not  very  far  from  the  red 
birch,  you  will  find,  on  your  left,  a  good  specimen  of  the 
sycamore  maple  (Acer  pseudoplatanus).  This  tree  has 


26 

a  leaf  which  somewhat  resembles  the  leaf  of  the  Amer- 
ican buttonwood,  often  called  sycamore,  hence  the  name 
of  sycamore  maple.  The  botanical  name,  pseudo  pla- 
tanus,  means  false-platanus,  platanus  being  the  generic 
botanical  name  of  the  buttonwood.  Why  a  thing  which 
is  not  something  else  should  be  called  false  because  it  is 
not  that  thing,  is  one  of  the  queer  things  of  botanical 
nomenclature.  Why  could  not  some  name  meaning 
resembling  be  chosen  to  indicate  such  similarity?  The 
leaves  of  the  sycamore  maple  are  rather  thick,  gener- 
ally five-lobed,  downy  on  the  undersides,  and  with  leaf 
stems  or  petioles  long  and  distinctly  reddish.  In  the 
spring,  after  the  leaves  have  appeared  on  the  tree,  it 
flowers  in  long,  conspicuous  pendulous  racemes  which 
make  you  think  of  little  hanging  green  baskets,  such 
as  the  children  make  with  burs.  The  flowers  change  to 
crowded  clusters  of  winged  seeds  of  keys,  or  samaras, 
as  the  botanists  call  them.  The  wings  of  these  seeds 
are  almost  at  right  angles  with  each  other,  and  the  keys 
hang  on  the  tree  long  after  the  leaves  have  fallen,  often 
remaining  on  until  well  into  the  winter,  and  are  one  of 
the  means  of  easily  knowing  the  tree  at  that  season  of 
the  year.  The  Walk  bends  around  here  to  the  north- 
ward, and  as  you  follow  its  easy  sweep,  you  pass  up  the 
hill  a  little,  on  the  right,  a  black  cherry,  whose  very 
rough  bark  is  almost  enough  to  identify  it.  But  if  that 
is  not  sufficient  for  you,  look  amid  its  lustrous  green 
leaves  for  the  raceme  that  in  June  showed  so  conspicu- 
ously white  and  later  held  little  clusters  of  small,  crim- 
son-purple berries.  A  few  feet  further  on,  along  this 
Walk,  you  come  to  a  lamp-post  on  your  right,  and  on 


your  left  to  a  left-hand  branch  of  this  Walk.  Just  back 
of  the  lamp-post  is  a  fine,  old  scarlet  oak,  with  deeply- 
cut,  bristle-tipped  leaves.  On  the  very  point  of  the  left 
hand  border,  where  the  Walk  throws  off  its  branch  to 
run  on  about  parallel  with  Fifty-ninth  Street,  you  will 
find  a  Scotch  elm  (Ulmus  Montana). 

We  will  not  continue  further  on  this  Walk,  but  will 
go  back  now  to  the  spot  where  we  turned  off  by  the 
Paitlownia  below,  to  the  Walk  leading  northerly  from 
the  Sixth  Avenue  Gate.  We  will  follow  this  Walk  as 
it  leads  on  northerly  from  the  fork  by  the  Deutsia 
gracilis  and  the  Paulownia.  Following  the  path  in  its 
northerly  course  past  large  masses  of  rock  on  either 
hand,  over  which  trailing  vines  fall  in  lovely  cascades 
of  green,  joyous  sights  for  city  eyes  on  coming  from 
the  streets,  hot  and  baking,  on  a  midsummer  day. 
Passing  by  these,  you  come  on  the  right,  about  midway 
between  the  fourth  and  fifth  forkings  of  the  Walk, 
from  the  Sixth  Avenue  Entrance,  to  a  good  well-grown 
Austrian  pine.  Its  stocky,  chunky  form,  with  its  long, 
wire-like  needles,  two  in  a  sheath  or  bundle,  will  mark 
it  for  you.  A  little  down  the  slope  of  the  hill  from  it, 
toward  the  right,  wave  the  feathery  plumes  of  the  beau- 
tiful tamarisk  (  Tamarix  Gallica) .  Every  breeze  sways 
and  bends  its  lovely  sprays  of  feathery  green  as  if  it 
loved  them,  and  the  whole  shrub  seems  alive  with  the 
very  quintessence  of  joy.  Its  fineness  and  grace  and 
its  soft,  tender,  delicate  green  must  surely  stir  you  like 
a  fine  poem  or  lulling  of  exquisite  music.  Not  far  from 
the  Tamarix,  a  little  back  toward  Sixth  Avenue,  you 
will  find  the  dwarf  mountain  sumac  (Rhus  copallina), 


28 

which  you  can  know  very  easily  by  its  glossy  entire 
leaflets  and  by  the  distinct  wing  along  the  edge  of  the 
leaf  stem,  between  each  pair  of  leaflets.  This  sumac  in 
autumn  time  turns  a  cool  crimson,  like  the  brilliant 
scarlet  of  the  staghorn  or  the  smooth  sumac,  but  all 
the  richer  in  effect,  from  its  subdued  fire.  Its  glossy 
leaves  give  a  dark,  lustrous  glow  to  the  whole  mass, 
which  seems  to  suggest  that  the  shrub  is  just  about  to 
break  out  into  full  flame.  Proceeding  onward,  the  next 
fork  of  the  Walk  (the  sixth  from  the  Sixth  Avenue 
Gate  northwards)  brings  you  to  some  handsome  honey 
locusts,  buckthorn,  English  hawthorn  and  bristly  locust. 
You  can  find  them  easily.  One  honey  locust  stands  in 
the  very  angle  of  the  Walk's  fork.  It  has  very  dark 
(almost  black)  bark,  smoothish,  save  where  it  is  broken 
by  rather  clearly-cut  ridges.  The  trunk  and  branches 
fairly  sprout  thorns — strong,  fierce-looking  things  with 
a  kind  of  three-tined  growth  which  has  been  sufficient 
to  give  the  tree  one  of  its  names  tricanthos  (three- 
thorned).  Its  genus  name,  Gleditschia,  is  from  Gled- 
itsch,  a  German  botanist.  This  tree  exhibits  a  strange 
combination  of  strength  and  delicacy,  strength  in  its 
armed  trunk,  delicacy  in  its  exquisite  sprays  of  com- 
pound leaves,  made  up  of  many  small  leaflets.  The 
honey  locust  is  of  the  great  pulse  family,  as  is  also  the 
locust,  and  its  leaves  look  like  finer,  smaller  editions  of 
the  locust's  leaf,  having  from  ten  to  twenty-four  small 
pinnate  leaflets.  The  honey  locust  has  very  conspic- 
uous fruit,  especially  noticeable  in  late  autumn  and 
winter,  long  strap-shaped  pods  often  curled  and  twisted, 
at  first  of  a  striking  orange-yellow,  later  of  a  russet 


reddish-brown.  These  pods  hold  the  small,  oval,  bean- 
like  seeds.  Surely  the  honey  locust  is  a  stately  tree  with 
its  rich,  blackish  bark,  a  tower  of  strength,  with  its 
fine,  soft,  light  green  leaves  fluttering  in  exquisite 
grace  at  every  breath  of  stirring  air.  It  is  a  tall  tree, 
and  as  the  years  build  it  up  to  the  full  of  its  majestic 
proportions,  it  spreads  and  gains  a  broad,  flat  head, 
which  is  very  distinctive,  marking  the  tree  afar  off. 

At  the  right  of  the  right  hand  branch  of  this  fork, 
you  will  find  two  more  of  these  handsome  trees,  the 
second  is  further  along  by  the  path  side.  The  left 
branch  of  this  fork  carries  you  on  beside  a  very  pretty 
little  English  hawthorn,  which  stands  just  north  of 
the  honey  locust  in  the  angle  of  the  fork.  You  can  tell 
the  English  hawthorn  by  its  long  thorns,  by  its  simple 
(that  is,  not  compound)  leaves,  which  are  alternate 
on  the  branch,  smooth,  noticeably  cut-lobed  and  with  a 
wedge-shaped  base.  The  fruit  of  the  English  hawthorn 
is  a  small,  coral-red  berry  about  one-third  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  and  hangs  in  clusters  on  the  tree  late  into 
the  winter. 

Beyond  the  English  hawthorn  you  will  find,  still 
close  by  the  right  hand  border  of  this  left  hand  fork  of 
the  Walk,  common  buckthorn,  Rhamnus  cathartica. 
By  the  careless  eye,  its  leaves  are  mistaken  for  those  of 
the  flowering  dogwood  or  the  Cornelian  cherry,  but  if 
you  will  look  at  them  closely  you  will  see  that  though 
they  do  somewhat  resemble  the  leaves  of  these  varieties 
of  Cornus,  they  are  minutely  serrate,  while  those  of 
the  Cornus  are  entire  and  curved-veined  (not  feather- 
veined  like  the  buckthorn).  Again,  the  buckthorn's 


30 

leaves  are  lustrous  and  silky  of  texture,  especially  on 
the  upper  sides.  You  can  further  distinguish  the 
buckthorn  by  the  little  fine  thorns  (almost  a  prickle) 
at  the  ends  of  the  branchlets.  The  buckthorn's  leaves 
are  generally  arranged  alternately  on  the  branch,  but 
often  many  of  them  are  opposite.  The  flowers  of  this 
shrub  are  small,  greenish,  four-parted,  scarcely  notice- 
able, in  clusters  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  and  they  are 
succeeded  by  small  green  (later,  black)  berries,  about 
a  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  which  contain  from  two 
to  four  seeds.  The  berries  are  ripe  about  September. 
Beyond  the  buckthorn  you  come  to  honey  locust  again, 
and,  if  you  follow  this  left  branch  of  the  fork  to  where 
it  meets  the  Walk  by  the  Drive,  you  will  find,  all 
frouzled  over  the  rocks,  on  the  right,  near  the  junction, 
tangled  in  delightful  abandon,  great  masses  of  the 
bristly  locust,  which  you  will  have  no  difficulty  in  know- 
ing by  its  very  bristly  branches.  The  bushes  bear 
lovely  pink  flowers  in  June,  and  the  fruit  which  suc- 
ceeds them  lives  up  to  the  name  bristly. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  the  honey  locust,  which,  as 
stated  above,  stands  exactly  in  the  northern  angle  of 
the  fork  we  have  just  been  considering,  and  let  us  fol- 
low its  right  hand  branch  as  it  curves  gently  around 
to  the  eastward  to  the  Stone  Bridge  over  the  Pond.  A 
lamp-post  stands  at  its  next  junction,  and  just  beyond 
it,  as  you  go  east,  on  your  left,  is  a  sycamore  maple, 
and  opposite  to  it,  on  the  right,  is  a  fine  old  American 
elm.  Continuing  along  a  little  stretch  here,  you  pass 
on  your  left,  in  a  beautiful  open  cluster,  a  graceful 
group  of  three  purple  beeches.  These  are  of  the  Euro- 


HEART-LEAVED  ALDER  (Alnus  cordifolia} 
Map  i.     No.  50. 


31 

pean  variety,  as  you  can  distinguish  by  their  entire, 
ciliate  or  hairy  margins,  so  different  from  the  strongly- 
toothed  leaves  of  our  native  beech.  The  leaves  of  these 
trees  come  out  a  deep  dark  crimson  purple  in  the  spring 
and  hold  that  color  late  into  the  summer.  Their 
bark  is  a  fine  light  gray,  and  the  swing  of  their 
branches  is  noticeably  horizontal  from  rather  short, 
squatty  trunks.  They  are  beautiful  trees  and  well 
worth  your  careful  consideration.  As  you  follow  the 
path  along,  it  bends  gently  here  to  the  southeast,  and 
about  midway  down  the  slope  of  the  hillside,  on  your 
left,  you  will  see  a  very  interesting  tree.  It  is  the  heart- 
leaved  alder,  Alnus  cordifolia,  with  dark  green,  heart- 
shaped  leaves  which  have  a  lustrous  shine  through 
their  rich  green.  You  cannot  mistake  the  tree,  for  it  is 
hung  full  of  its  telltale  "cones,"  the  seed  receptacles 
of  the  alder.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  southern  Europe 
and  flowers  early  in  March  or  April  before  its  leaves 
come  out.  Its  flowers  are  greenish-brown. 

In  the  next  bend  of  the  Walk,  on  your  left,  you  will 
have  to  stop  surely  to  look  at  the  handsome  masses  of 
the  smooth  sumac  which  fling  out  scarlet  and  orange 
in  such  beautiful  blendings  in  autumn.  The  easiest 
way  to  tell  a  smooth  sumac  from  its  twin  brother,  the 
staghorn  (for  the  leaves  are  very  much  alike)  is  to 
look  at  the  branches.  The  branches  of  the  smooth 
sumac  are  beautifully  smooth,  a  clean,  clear  pinkish-red 
or  magenta-crimson,  overlaid  with  the  loveliest  of 
lilac  bloom.  The  branches  of  the  staghorn  sumac  are 
as  different  as  can  be — covered  with  a  sticky  pubes- 
cence. This  pubescence,  when  the  leaves  of  the  bush 


32 

are  off,  gives  the  branches  a  look  which  so  closely 
resembles  the  horns  of  a  young  stag,  that  the  bush  has 
been  named  staghorn  sumac,  from  that  feature  alone. 
The  clump  here,  as  you  see,  has  its  end  branches 
smooth  and  without  hairs.  Opposite  this  clump,  on 
the  right  of  the  path,  stands  a  good-sized  American 
hornbeam  or  water-beech.  The  hornbeam  has  simple, 
alternate  leaves  which  are  straight  veined,  like  the 
beech  and  the  chestnut.  From  here  the  path  bends  to 
the  east  and  crosses  a  vine-hung  Stone  Bridge,  of  the 
old  Roman  type,  which  spans  the  waters  of  the  Pond. 

As  you  go  on,  you  pass,  on  your  left,  a  good  cluster 
of  bald  cypresses,  tall  and  spire-like.  About  opposite 
the  most  easterly  of  these  bald  cypresses,  close  by  the 
Walk,  you  will  find  black  haw  (Viburnum  prunifolium) 
a  small  tree  with  simple,  opposite  leaves  very  finely 
serrated  and  with  little  flanges  (or  wings)  along  the 
edges  of  the  leaf-stems  (petioles).  In  early  May  or 
June  it  turns  into  a  cloud  of  white  bloom — large,  con- 
spicuous, flat-topped  clusters  of  flowers  on  the  ends  of 
the  branches.  These  change  into  small  berries,  blue- 
black  and  sweet  when  ripe  in  September.  But  long 
before  they  are  ripe  you  can  see  the  berries  hanging 
in  green  clusters  on  the  tree.  With  the  first  biting  nip 
of  frost  they  flush  softly  to  a  lovely  pinkish-blue  and 
then,  as  they  ripen,  to  blue-black. 

As  you  approach  the  Stone  Bridge  you  pass  many 
things  of  interest;  on  your  right,  Ailanthus  (nearly 
opposite  the  lamp-post  on  the  left  of  the  Walk)  then 
Weigela,  then  staghorn  sumac  (note  its  pubescent 
terminal  branches),  then  pouring  over  the  stone  wall 


33 

here  in  fountain-like  spray  of  green,  with  sweeping 
branches  is  the  lovely  Lycium  barbarum,  matrimony 
vine  or  box  thorn,  sending  out  in  summer  its  beautiful 
bell-shaped  pale  blue  flowers.  Beyond  the  Lycium  is 
Van  Houtte's  spiraea,  then  Lombardy  poplar  with 
branches  hugged  close  to  the  main  trunk,  and  close 
by  the  Bridge,  another  bush  of  the  beautiful  Spircea 
Van  Houttei.  On  the  left  of  the  Walk,  just  beyond 
the  lamp-post,  and  about  opposite  the  Weigela,  a  great 
puff  of  feathery  green  tells  of  another  Tamarix  gallica. 
Across  the  Bridge  you  pass  on  the  right,  nestling  quite 
near  the  corner,  a  fine  young  cockspur  thorn,  with 
glossy,  dark  green,  shining,  wedge  obovate  leaves. 
Rising  from  the  masses  of  shrubbery  here,  a  good 
sized  laurel-leaved  willow  flashes  the  light  in  showers 
of  crystal  from  its  laurel-like  eaves.  Beyond  is  more 
staghorn  sumac,  then  ninebark,  Forsythia  viridissima, 
Rhodotypos,  and  Lonicera  fragantissima,  the  last  on  the 
point  where  the  Walk  forks.  On  the  left  you  passed 
Californian  privet,  Lombardy  poplar,  syringa  (Phil- 
adelphus  grandiflorus),  Judas  tree,  with  large  heart- 
shaped  leaves,  golden-leaved  ninebark,  fine  masses  of 
syringa  (opposite  the  staghorn  sumac),  Judas  tree 
again  close  by  a  handsome  cranberry  bush,  then 
ninebark,  Philadelphus  grandiflorus  and  Spircea  Van 
Houttei  on  the  point  of  the  left  hand  fork  of  the  Walk. 
This  fork  sends  out  two  branches,  one  to  the  right 
creeps  down  around  the  Pond  and  ultimately  meets 
the  path  that  comes  down  the  steps  by  the  Plaza  En- 
. trance,  where  we  started  in.  The  left  fork  runs  off 
in  a  northeasterly  direction  to  the  Drive  and  follows 


34 

along  beside  it  toward  the  Mall.  Let  us  follow  the 
right  fork  for  awhile  and  then  take  the  left  from  this 
point. 

Not  quite  half  way  to  the  next  fork  (the  one  that 
slips  away  under  an  Arch  to  the  Arsenal)  you  will  see, 
on  your  right,  as  you  go  southerly,  a  fine,  healthy  red 
oak.  You  can  know  it  by  its  bristle-tipped,  oval  or 
oblong  leaves.  The  leaves  are  cut  deeply  into  pin- 
natified  lobes.  The  red  oak's  buds  are  distinctive,  too, 
clean  cut  and  glossy  red  in  winter.  Diagonally  across 
from  it,  well  up  on  the  bank,  with  broad,  outcast  arms 
and  a  noble  trunk,  stands  a  flourishing  English  oak. 
It  stands  in  the  bend  of  the  left  hand  border  of  the 
Walk,  and  you  can  tell  it  at  once  by  its  broadly  oval 
leaves  slightly  lobed  and  distinctly  eared  at  the  base, 
about  the  leaf  stem,  where  they  seem  about  to  clasp 
the  petiole.  Its  acorn  is  certainly  beautiful,  a  polished 
olive-green,  over  an  inch  long  and  about  a  third  en- 
closed in  a  clean,  hemispherical  cup.  Directly  oppo- 
site the  path  leading  under  the  Arch  here  is  a  fine 
mass  of  the  staghorn  sumac,  filling  in  the  bank  between 
the  Walk  and  the  water.  It  is  a  well-grown  mass,  with 
branching  antlers  of  sweeping  fronds  that  blaze  a 
glory  of  crimson  and  scarlet  and  gold  in  the  autumn. 

Here,  before  we  continue  southwards,  let  us  turn 
off  to  the  left,  and  pass  through  the  Arch  which  leads 
the  path  northeasterly  from  the  handsome  clump  of 
sumac,  under  the  Drive,  towards  the  Arsenal. 

On  going  through  the  Arch,  you  will  come  on  your 
left,  after  passing  a  fine  bush  of  the  sweet  syringa, 
to  a  very  interesting  shrub  with  dark-green  leaves 


HEART-LEAVED  ALDER  (Alnus  cordi folia)   (Looking  north). 
Map  i.     No.  50. 


35 

which  droop  like  damp  feathers.  If  you  know  the 
English  yew,  you  will  be  struck  by  the  resemblance  of 
its  leaves  to  those  of  the  shrub  before  you,  save  that  the 
leaves  are  much  longer  and  are  whitish,  not  yellowish, 
on  the  under  sides.  This  whitish  cast  is  a  distinctive 
feature,  and  will  tell  you  at  once  that  the .  shrub  is 
not  Taxus  baccata,  but  Cephalotaxus.  There  are  two 
bushes  of  it  here,  and  they  stand  almost  directly  oppo- 
site the  lamp-post  on  your  right.  They  are  good 
specimens  of  the  Cephalotaxus  Fortunei.  Note  their 
low  spreading  form  of  growth,  which  is  very  differ- 
ent from  the  more  upright  habit  of  Taxus  baccata. 
Cephalotaxus  gets  its  name  from  its  method  of  flow- 
ering, breaking  out  its  staminate  flowers  in  clusters  or 
heads.  It  is  a  Japan  growth  and  has  a  generally  yew- 
like  appearance,  but  it  does  not  grow  into  a  tree.  It 
forms  rather  a  wide-spreading  bush,  and  its  rich, 
glossy,  dark  green  (on  upper  sides)  leaves  will  be 
sure  to  arouse  your  enthusiasm.  Indeed  its  leaves  have 
almost  a  satin-like  finish.  These  leaves  are  linear,  flat, 
arranged  in  parallel  rows  (termed  two  ranked),  and 
are  from  two  to  three  inches  long.  The  tops  droop 
heavily.  The  yew's  leaves  are  much  shorter,  stiffer  and 
more  mucronate.  The  midrib  is  very  prominent  on 
both  sides  of  the  leaves  of  Cephalotaxus.  The  fruit  of 
Cephalotaxus  is  also  quite  different  from  the  fruit  of 
the  yew.  The  latter  bears  a  fleshy,  crimson  cup  or 
capsule,  which  contains  the  seed  or  nut,  black  when 
ripe,  which  seems  cleverly  sunk  in  the  cup  about  three- 
fourths  down.  The  fruit  of  the  Cephalotaxus  has  its 
nut  completely  incased  by  the  pulp-like  covering.. 


36 

Almost  concealed  from  view,  up  the  bank,  on  the 
right  of  the  Walk,  is  a  fair  specimen  of  American 
bladder  nut,  which  you  can  identify  by  its  leaves, 
which  are  in  leaflets  of  three.  Its  flowers  are  very 
pretty,  in  white  racemed  clusters,  in  April  or  May. 
These  flowers  change  to  bladder-like  pods. 

Just  beyond  the  Cephalotaxus,  on  the  right  of  the 
Walk,  you  come  to  two  very  good  specimens  of  the 
Western  or  hardy  Catalpa,  Catalpa  speciosa.  The  first 
one  is  just  a  little  diagonally  across  from  the  Cepha- 
lotaxus. The  second  is  directly  opposite  a  fine  black- 
barked,  lovable  old  honey  locust,  which  is  just  beyond 
the  Cephalotaxus,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk.  There  are 
several  more  of  these  Catalpas  along  here,  and  they 
furnish  a  good  chance  to  note  how  very  different 
they  are  from  Catalpa  bignonioides.  The  speciosa 
grows  tall,  Y-form,  and  branches  high  up,  while  the 
bignonioides  branches  low,  with  a  rambling,  sprawling 
reach  of  boughs  which  gives  it  a  bunchy  head,  strik- 
ingly distinctive  from  the  erect,  almost  elm-like  form 
of  the  speciosa.  How  different  they  are  in  bark.  The 
hardy  or  Western  catalpa's  is  thick,  runs  in  longi- 
tudinal lines  and  fissures  something  like  the  habit  of 
the  basswood,  while  that  of  the  bignonioides  seems  thin 
and  scale-like  over  a  smoothish  underground  of  dull 
brownish  gray,  with  nothing  of  the  longitudinal  run 
of  fissure.  These  scales  seem  to  almost  tempt  the 
finger  to  pick  at  them.  The  speciosa,  as  has  been 
said,  is  a  tall  tree  with  thickish  bark.  Its  leaves  are 
downy  and  soft,  heart-shaped  and  noticeably  long- 
pointed.  Its  flowers  also  differ  from  the  bignonioides 


37 

in  being  only  slightly  spotted.  Indeed  they  are  almost 
white.  These  flowers  are  about  two  inches  long  and 
are  slightly  notched  on  the  lower  lobes  of  the  corolla. 
The  fruit  of  the  tree  is  a  thick  pod,  shorter  than  the 
pod  of  Catalpa  bignonioides.  Beyond  the  second  of 
these  hardy  or  Western  catalpas,  close  by  the  Walk,  still 
on  your  right,  you  pass  a  Sophora  Japonica,  of  the  pulse 
family,  with  panicles  of  cream-white  flowers  in  sum- 
mer, which  change  into  long,  chain-like  greenish  pods. 
Then  you  meet  honey  locust,  a  fine  mass  of  Weigela 
with  white  flowers  that  change  to  pink,  and  another 
Catalpa  speciosa,  just  as  the  Walk  bends  east  to  cross 
the  Bridle  Path  on  its  way  to  the  Arsenal. 

Up  to  this  point  (the  Bridge  here),  you  have  passed 
on  your  left,  beyond  the  two  bushes  of  Cephalotaxus 
mentioned  above,  three  well-grown  honey  locusts,  with 
blackish  bark  and  strong,  fierce-looking  thorns  sprout- 
ing from  the  rather  smoothish  surface;  with  delicate 
waving  leaf  sprays  of  tiny  leaflets.  Still  further  on, 
you  will  find  some  more  of  the  hardy  catalpas,  one 
quite  close  to  the  Bridge  which  spans  the  Bridle  Path 
here.  As  you  stand  on  the  bridge  and  look  north, 
following  the  easy  curve  of  the  Bridle  Path  with  your 
eye  as  it  swings  gently  to  the  west,  close  by  the  Path, 
almost  due  north  of  the  catalpa  by  the  left  hand 
corner  of  the  Bridge,  you  will  see  another  member 
of  this  same  clan.  Almost  due  west  of  this  Catalpa 
speciosa  stands  a  magnolia,  which  you  will  do  well 
to  see  early  in  spring — March  or  April — when  it  bursts 
out  into  the  purest  of  white  flowers.  These  flowers  are 
made  up  of  many  long,  narrow  petals,  almost  ribbon 


38 

like,  which  when  fully  blown  give  a  very  beautiful,  star- 
like  look.  Indeed  this  star-like  appearance  of  its 
flowers  has  given  the  tree  its  botanical  name,  Magnolia 
stellata  (or  Halliana),  Hall's  Japan  magnolia.  Its 
flowers  are  very  fragrant  and  the  purity  of  their  white 
is  something  you  love  to  look  upon.  The  tree  is  of  a 
spreading  habit  of  growth,  has  obtusely-pointed,  obo- 
vate  leaves,  which  are  downy,  when  young,  on  the 
undersides.  It  is  an  importation  from  Japan. 

If  we  cross  the  Bridge  and  go  on  eastwards,  down  at 
the  southeast  corner  of  the  Bridge  a  good  osage  orange 
flutters  its  glossy  leaves  right  in  your  face.  You  can 
know  it  easily  by  the  spines  in  the  axils  of  its  leaves. 
This  is  on  your  right,  almost  at  the  end  of  the  Bridge. 
On  your  left  there  are  several  things  of  interest.  As 
you  pass  along  toward  the  Arsenal  at  the  left  hand 
corner  of  the  Bridge,  just  as  you  step  from  it,  stands  a 
well-grown  specimen  of  Lonicera  fragrantissima  which 
you  recognize  easily  by  its  thick,  ovate  leaves  notice- 
ably cusped.  Its  shaggy  .stems  will  perhaps  recall 
"ninebark"  to  you,  but  if  you  look  closely  you  will  see 
the  difference  between  the  stems  of  the  two.  Surely 
a  word  must  be  said  in  praise  of  the  lovely  bloom  of 
the  Lonicera  fragrantissima.  When  all  the  ways  are 
bare,  this  brave  bush  sends  out  upon  the  keen  breaths 
of  March  or  April  breezes  the  ineffable  sweetness  of 
its  fragrant  flowers.  Their  perfume  comes  upon  you 
with  a  thrill  in  all  this  air  of  chill  and  deadened  life, 
and  the  joy  of  the  coming  bloom  wakes  in  you.  You 
feast  your  eyes  on  the  fairy-white  blossoms  so  deli- 
cately flushed  with  pink.  It  is  almost  the  first  white 


39 

that  breaks  in  spring,  and  how  you  love  its  purity  and 
delicacy  and  modesty.  It  is  indeed  lovely  and  lovable, 
and  its  blooming  while  yet  most  things  are  asleep, 
brings  with  it  a  renewed  sense  of  the  life  that  is  eter- 
nal and  inextinguishable,  the  awakening  of  purity  and 
the  fragrance  that  exhales  from  good  and  perfection. 
Silently  every  year  the  Creator  sends  these  symbols  to 
us.  How  do  we  read  them  ?  Go,  stand  before  the  bush 
honeysuckle  in  the  bare  days  of  spring  and  let  its  mes- 
sage fill  your  soul  with  a  perfume  as  real  as  its  fra- 
grance. 

Just  beyond  the  fragrantissima  stands  an  elm  with 
smooth  and  glossy  leaves,  whose  shape  and  cutting 
tell  you  at  once  that  it  is  of  the  English  kith.  It  is  the 
smooth-leaved  variety  of  Ulmns  campestris.  Notice, 
too,  its  rather  smoothish  branches.  It  is  ulmus  campe- 
tris,  var.  laevis  (or  var.  glabra).  At  the  very  tip  of 
this  point  of  Walk  stands  a  bristly-looking  small 
tree,  whose  vigorous  thorns  and  thick,  leathery  leaves, 
long  wedge-shaped  at  base,  will  easily  identify  it  to 
you  as  a  fair  specimen  of  the  cockspur  thorn. 

Chinese  privet  and  mountain  elder  will  be  found  near 
the  Bridle  Path,  not  far  from  the  Bridge  just  passed 
on  this  Walk.  The  privet  has  upright  branches,  oval, 
obtuse  leaves ;  the  elder  carries  its  flowers  in  a  raceme. 

Near  the  Aviary,  south  of  the  Arsenal,  quite  close 
to  the  house  itself,  you  will  find  a  well-grown  yellow 
or  sweet  buckeye  JEsculus  ftava.  It  has  from  five  to 
seven  leaflets  palmately  arranged.  These  leaflets  are 
rather  elliptical  in  form,  gradually  narrowing  down 
from  a  broad  middle  to  pointed  ends.  Their  leaf  stems 


40 

or  petioles  are  rather  flattened  toward  the  base.  In 
spring  (May)  this  tree  sets  up  its  flowers  in  erect, 
short  and  thick  panicles.  The  flowers  are  distinctly 
yellowish,  and  their  four  petals  are  longer  than  the 
stamens.  These  flowers  are  succeeded  by  a  clean, 
globose  fruit,  which  is  smooth  and  of  a  pale,  rusty- 
looking  green.  As  you  look  at  the  smooth  husk  you 
see  that  it  is  covered  with  fine,  scale-like  markings. 
The  smoothness  of  the  fruit  is  one  of  the  absolutely 
determining  features  of  the  tree,  very  different  from 
the  densely-prickled  fruits  of  the  JEsculus  hippocas- 
tanum,  the  common  horsechestnut,  and  Msculus  glabra, 
the  Ohio  buckeye,  which  is  also  pretty  well  covered 
with  prickles. 

Over  by  the  northwest  corner  of  the  Arsenal  you 
will  find  a  red  maple,  easily  known  by  its  generally 
three-lobed  (often  five)  cordate  or  heart-shaped  bases, 
and,  alongside  of  it,  a  fine  purple-leaved  sycamore 
maple. 

In  the  left-hand  corner  of  the  little  arm  of  the  Walk 
that  runs  northward  through  the  Arch  beneath  Trans- 
verse Road  No.  i,  you  will  find  an  excellent  specimen 
of  the  red  buckeye  Msculus  pavia.  Do  not  confound 
this  tree  with  red-flowered  sEsculus  rubicunda,  which 
is  a  hybrid  between  sEsciihis  hippocastanum  and  /Es~ 
culus  pavia.  The  pavia' s  leaves  are  oblong  lanceolate, 
the  rubicunda's  are  like  those  of  the  hippocastanum, 
except  that  they  come  to  a  gradually  narrowing  point, 
whereas  the  leaves  of  hippocastanum  are  obovate  and 
abruptly  pointed.  This  tree  here  is  JEsculus  pavia, 
with  from  five  to  seven  leaflets  of  a  clear  shining 


green  and  generally  smooth.  Its  flowers  are  bright 
red,  and  its  fruit  is  smooth,  oblong  and  about  an  inch 
in  length,  which  distinguishes  it  from  the  large  (about 
two  inches  broad)  roundish  fruit  of  the  flava. 

We  will  not  continue  further  on  this  Walk,  but  go 
back  to  the  Arch  by  the  Cephalotaxus,  and  follow  the 
Walk  that  trends  southward  along  the  shores  of  the 
Pond. 

This  Walk  runs  on  by  the  Pond,  southwards,  past 
great  masses  of  the  Japan  hedgebindweed,  Polygonum 
cuspidatum,  embowering  a  long  stretch  of  the  right- 
hand  border  of  the  Walk  between  the  junction  of  the 
path  leading  under  the  Arch  and  the  next  branching 
of  the  Walk  by  the  Moore  Statue.  As  you  follow 
along  by  the  Polyganum,  about  midway  between  the 
two  forks,  rising  up  at  the  water's  edge,  is  a  good- 
sized  European  alder,  with  leaves  noticeably  notched 
at  the  top.  You  can  know  it  easily  by  its  "cones,"  as 
it  is  the  only  alder  growing  here. 

A  little  further  along  you  come,  on  the  right,  to  a 
pine  tree  with  short  twisted  leaves  two  or  three  inches 
long,  of  a  glaucous  green  shade,  gathered  two  together 
in  a  fascicle  or  sheath.  This  is  the  Scotch  pine,  and 
it  is  doing  very  poorly  here,  surely.  Beyond,  close  by 
the  Wralk,  on  the  same  side  is  a  fine  mass  of  the  For- 
sytlria  suspensa.  You  can  tell  it  by  its  long  sweeping 
recurring  branches  and  by  its  broad  ovate  leaves,  very 
different  from  the  narrow  lance-like  leaves  of  the  For- 
sythia  viridissima.  Passing  on,  you  come  to  a  spot 
where  the  water  slips  in  close  to  the  Walk.  Over- 
hanging it,  from  the  northerly  shore,  are  European  or 


42 

tree  alder  and  European  birch.  On  the  southerly 
shore  are  several  very  handsome  European  beeches, 
with  short  thick  smooth  gray  trunks,  horizontal 
branches  and  toothless  leaves.  Here  the  Walk  throws 
off  another  branch,  out  to  the  Drive.  There  is  a  bust 
of  Moore,  the  poet,  along  its  northerly  side.  Just  at 
the  bend  of  the  branch  you  will  see  a  handsome  haw- 
thorn with  elegant  shining  clean  leaves  of  a  beautiful 
dark  green  and  branches  set  with  strong,  somewhat 
reddish,  thorns.  This  is  Cratcegus  macracantha.  Across 
the  Walk,  at  the  bend  of  the  southern  border,  are  two 
Van  Houtte's  spiraeas.  If  you  should  follow  this 
branch  Walk  out  past  Moore's  Statue  toward  the  Drive 
you  will  come  upon  a  fine  catalpa  and  some  well-grown 
horsechestnuts.  Following  the  Pond  path,  southerly, 
you  pass  near  the  duck  pen,  where  the  water  again 
comes  very  close  to  the  path,  several  good  American 
hornbeams  with  birch-like  leaves  and  strong  muscle- 
like  looking  branches,  smooth  bark  streaked  with  fine 
veins  of  silvery  gray.  The  European  hornbeam  has 
less  of  this  pronounced  muscle-like  ridging  of  its 
branches.  On  the  other  side  of  this  little  duck  pen 
the  Walk  rambles  beside  more  masses  of  the  Japan 
Polygonum.  About  midway  between  the  duck  pen 
and  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk  (the  last  by  the  extreme 
southeasterly  corner  of  the  Pond)  stands  another  good- 
sized  American  hornbeam  and,  beside  it,  further  along, 
is  black  haw  again.  On  the  other  side  of  the  path, 
the  left  as  you  go  south,  is  a  shrub  with  low  sweeping 
branches  which  arch  and  curve  in  beautifully  tangled 
masses.  This  shrub,  Cornus  stolonifera,  as  its  name 


43 

implies,  spreads  by  underground  shoots  which  grow 
so  rapidly  and  so  thickly  that  the  tangled  masses  be- 
come thicket-like.  It  is  a  handsome  shrub  in  winter. 
Then  its  ruddy  branches,  noticeably  streaked  with  fine 
gray  lines,  brighten  and  glow  in  brilliant  crimson,  mak- 
ing a  rich  sight  against  the  snow.  Its  leaf  is  of  a 
lighter  green,  narrower  than  the  flowering  dogwood's, 
and  pointed.  In  June  this  shrub  blooms  and  breaks 
in  flat  conspicuous  cymes  of  white  flowers,  and  these 
are  succeeded  in  late  August  by  gray-blue  or  lead- 
colored  berries.  Just  behind  this  Cornus,  toward  the 
Drive,  is  a  fine  mass  of  American  elder,  with  compound 
leaves  of  from  seven  to  eleven  leaflets.  The  lower 
leaflets  are  often  three-parted. 

A  little  further  on  you  come  to  the  fork  of  the  Walk 
by  the  lamp  and  the  stairs  leading  from  the  Plaza 
Entrance,  whence  we  came  down  to  go  around  the 
Pond. 

Now  let  us  go  back  to  the  first  fork  of  the  Walk 
east  of  the  Stone  Bridge,  and  follow  its  left-hand 
branch,  northeasterly  toward  the  Drive.  As  you  come 
near  to  where  this  branch  opens  out  into  the  drive 
walk,  on  your  right  you  pass  a  compact  hawthorn  with 
rather  triangular  or  heart-shaped  leaves.  These  leaves 
are  of  a  beautiful  dark  lustrous  green,  and  are  from 
three  to  five-lobed.  This  tree  is  a  fine  type  of  the 
Washington  thorn,  Cratcegns  cordata.  It  flowers  hand- 
somely in  May  or  June  in  terminal  white  corymbs. 
These  change  into  small  coral  red  berries  about  the 
size  of  small  peas,  are  ripe  in  September,  and  remain 
hanging  on  the  tree  long  after  the  leaves  have  fallen, 


44 

late  into  the  winter,  and  their  ruddy  bunches  are  cheery 
sights  when  trees  are  bare  and  winds  are  keen  and 
whistling.  Directly  across  from  the  Washington  thorn, 
on  the  left  of  the  path,  is  Acanthopanax  or  Aarlia  penta- 
phylla,  a  small  shrub,  a  native  of  China  and  Japan, 
with  prickly  stems,  rather  sweeping  and  arching,  that 
do  well  especially  :n  rock-work  effects ;  with  handsome 
deep  green  leaves  which  are  usually  five-cleft  (some- 
times three-cleft)  into  serrate  ovate-lanceolate  seg- 
ments which  ray  out  like  the  fingers  of  a  hand  or  the 
ribs  of  a  fan. 

Down  the  slope  of  the  hill  a  little  back  of  the  Acan- 
thopanax,  toward  the  water,  you  will,  if  you  pass  here 
early  in  September,  find  a  small  tree  about  the  size 
of  a  black  haw,  with  trifoliate  leaves  and  small  green 
limes  hanging  on  its  branches.  This  is  the  Citrus  tri- 
foliata,  or  Japan  lemon.  In  May  it  blooms  in  creamy 
white  flowers.  Passing  along  to  the  Drive  Walk,  we 
will  go  northwards.  But  before  doing  so,  perhaps 
you  would  like  to  see  the  Tamarix  Indica,  just  around 
the  corner  of  the  Walk's  junction,  to  the  south.  You 
cannot  miss  it,  for  its  fine  feathery  plumes  wave  by 
the  Walk  (at  your  right  as  you  face  south)  in  long 
plumes  of  the  softest  green. 

Continuing  northward  from  the  Walk's  junction, 
you  come  to  a  bridge  over  the  Bridle  Path.  At  its 
southwesterly  corner  stop  and  look  at  the  handsome 
European  hornbeam  that  flings  up  its  healthy  foliage 
close  by  the  bridge  here.  This  is  a  fine  specimen  of 
its  kind  and,  as  it  fruits  heavily,  it  will  afford  you  an 
excellent  opportunity  to  study  the  differences  between 


45 

it  and  our  native  hornbeam.  The  fruit  of  the  Amer- 
ican species  has  the  bracts  of  its  fruit  clusters  lopped 
off  close,  while  the  European  has  them  very  much 
longer,  giving  the  bract  a  halberd-shaped  appearance. 
Across  the  Bridge,  a  few  feet  further  on,  the  Drive 
Walk  throws  off  an  arm  to  the  left.  Let  us  go  with  it. 
On  your  left,  as  you  turn,  is  an  English  hawthorn,  and 
on  your  right,  a  good  silver  maple.  The  path  runs 
down  a  series  of  steps  beside  great  masses  of  natural 
rock  in  a  most  pleasing  way.  By  the  top  step,  at  your 
left,  are  dotted  fruited  hawthorn,  sassafras  and  For- 
sythia suspensa.  The  Forsythia  is  directly  to  the  left 
of  the  top  step,  the  others  are  just  east  of  the  Forsythia. 
The  sassafras  has  heavy  rough  bark  and  leaves  of  three 
different  forms,  mitten-shaped  with  the  thumb  on  either 
side  of  the  leaf,  or  with  both  thumbs  on  one  leaf,  or 
single  lobeless  leaves,  without  thumbs  at  all.  The  haw- 
thorn has  long  thin  thorns,  wedge-obovate  leaves  of 
light  green  and  rather  thin  texture.  Directly  at  the 
right  of  the  top  step  is  pignut  hickory.  At  the  left 
of  the  second  step  or  series  of  steps  is  shagbark  hickory, 
and  at  the  right  of  this  step,  standing  side  by  side, 
are  two  good  persimmon  trees.  These,  by  their  rough 
heavy  bark,  might  be  mistaken  for  sassafras  trees, 
but  their  entire  lobeless  leaves  (all  of  them)  will  save 
you  from  this  mistake.  The  persimmon  carries  a 
flower  that,  to  me,  is  very  pretty,  a  small,  pale  yellow 
or  almost  white,  urn-shaped  affair,  very  daintily  turned. 
The  tree  belongs  to  the  Ebenacea  or  ebony  family  and 
gets  its  name  Diospyros  from  two  Greek  words  mean- 
ing Zeus's  (Jupiter)  fruit.  At  the  third  steps  on  your 


46 

left  are  two  sassafras  trees,  and  on  your  right,  grow- 
ing .  up  on  the  rock  here  is  a  fair-sized  white  oak. 
'Notice  its  light  granite-gray  bark,  broken  into  strip- 
like  plates.  Its  leaves  are  of  the  typical  white  oak 
form,  and  the  tree  is  a  fair  specimen. 

Near  the  lamp-post,  by  the  Bridle  Path,  on  your 
left,  you  will  find  a  good  young  Cratcegus  macracantha, 
with  glossy  dark  green  oval  leaves  and  stout  strong 
thorns.  As  you  go  westward,  you  pass  sassafras  again 
and  then  a  fine  pignut  hickory.  Beyond  the  hickory 
on  the  other  side  of  the  path  (your  right),  near  the 
spot  where  the  mass  of  rock  melts  down  to  the  ground, 
a  sturdy  white  ash  throws  out  its  spreading  branches. 
You  can  tell  it  by  its  bark  alone — a  beautiful  cross-work 
of  lozenge-shaped  plates  which  in  winter  is  a  joy  to 
the  eye.  This  ash  tree  stands  directly  by  the  Walk 
where  the  large  mass  of  glacier-smoothed  rock  rolls 
its  bulk  down  to  the  ground.  The  tree  has  compound 
leaves,  made  up  of  from  seven  to  nine  ovate  or  lance- 
ovate  leaflets.  Just  before  you  come  to  the  ash,  on 
your  right,  is  a  tall  well  grown  American  chestnut. 

As  you  go  on,  about  half  way  between  the  white 
ash  and  the  next  bend  of  the  Walk,  which  is  directly 
at  right  angles  (off  to  the  right  and  northward)  you 
will  find  a  rather  upright  bush  about  five  feet  high, 
with  quite  a  maze  of  branches  for  so  modest  a  shrub. 
This  feature  alone  sets  your  eye  wondering,  especially 
if  you  come  upon  it  in  the  winter.  It  is  the  panicled 
dogwood  and  has  simple,  opposite,  entire  leaves,  which 
are  quite  pointed,  generally  lance-ovate  in  shape, 
lightish  beneath,  and  with  an  acute  base.  In  early 


47 

summer  it  blooms  in  conspicuous  cymes,  distinctly 
panicled,  of  cream-white  flowers,  and  these  are  suc- 
ceeded in  late  August  by  white  berries  on  red  stems. 
This  shrub  is  often  confused  with  Cornus  stricta,  from 
its  upright  form  of  growth.  But  stricta  has  both  sides 
of  the  leaves  green  and  carries  pale  blue  berries. 

Diagonally  opposite  the  panicled  dogwood,  a  little 
east  of  south,  just  over  the  fence  at  your  left,  gathered 
in  tangled  but  pleasing  bramble,  you  will  find  the 
European  blackberry,  Rubus  fruticosus.  This  blooms 
in  early  spring  with  pretty  rosette-like  pink  double 
flowers.  You  will  know  it  by  its  blackberry-like  leaves. 
Diagonally  opposite  the  panicled  dogwood,  a  little  west 
of  south,  close  by  the  fence,  with  conspicuously  three- 
lobed  leaves,  you  will  easily  recognize  the  handsome 
Japan  ivy  Ampelopsis  tricuspidata.  This  vine  has  the 
added  beauty  of  having  variegated  leaves.  A  little 
beyond  the  Ampelopsis,  a  good-sized  cockspur  thorn 
stands  by  the  fence,  on  your  left,  and  throws  over  the 
Walk  its  beautiful  glossy  wedge-oval  leaves,  broad  at 
the  top  and  narrowing  to  a  tapering  base.  Its  long, 
slender  but  very  sharp  thorns  will  identify  it  for  you. 
The  cockspur  usually  develops  a  very  flattish  head,  and 
this  tree  shows  the  characteristic  mark. 

As  the  Walk  makes  its  bend  to  the  right  and  climbs 
a  rise  toward  the  swings,  almost  in  the  elbow  of  its 
turn,  on  your  right,  is  a  white  oak.  As  you  go  up 
the  rise,  just  beyond  the  lamp-post  at  the  bend  of  the 
Walk,  out  by  the  border  of  the  Bridle  Path,  south- 
westerly, is  sweet  gum — a  tall  rough-barked  tree  with 
good-sized  star-shaped  leaves.  As  the  path  ascends, 


43 

a  little  above  the  Arbor,  you  will  find  standing,  almost 
opposite  to  each  other,  two  catalpas,  with  large  heart- 
shaped  leaves  and  light  grayish  bark.  Beyond  them 
the  path  forks,  the  left  branch  running  up  to  the  Kin- 
derberg,  the  right  around  by  the  swings  to  the  Dairy. 
Beyond  the  swings,  as  you  go  toward  the  Dairy,  you 
come  to  an  interesting  tree  on  the  left  of  the  Walk. 
At  first  glance  you  might  mistake  this  tree  for  our 
native  white  ash,  similar  to  the  one  you  passed  down 
by  the  Rock  Walk  near  the  panicled  dogwood.  But 
look  at  the  leaves  closely.  They  are  compound  and  of 
five  leaflets,  with  the  leaflets  opposite  (except  the  ter- 
minal one).  These  features  say  "ash"  to  you,  and  ash 
the  tree  is;  but  not  white  ash.  Wherein  lies  the  dif- 
ference? Look  at  the  leaf-stems,  the  petioles  of  the 
leaflets,  and  the  end  shoots  of  the  branches.  Do  you 
see  the  very  marked  pubescence  ?  Note  also  the  dark, 
lustrous,  glossy  shining  green  of  the  upper  sides  of 
the  leaves  and  the  rather  rusty  pubescence  on  the  un- 
dersides. These  show  the  tree  to  be  Bose's  red  ash. 
The  white  ash  has  smooth  leaf-stems  and  smooth  ter- 
minal branches,  with  a  more  silvery  whitishness  on  the 
undersides.  It  is  the  pubescence  which  distinguishes 
the  red  ash.  The  tree  gets  its  botanical  specific  name 
pub  esc  ens  from  this  feature.  Its  common  name  red 
ash  is  derived  from  the  darker  color  of  its  wood. 
To  the  left  of  the  red  ash,  almost  in  a  line  with  it 
and  the  persimmon  across  the  Walk,  is  a  shrub  about 
ten  or  fifteen  feet  high  with  pointed  ovate  lanceolate 
leaves,  glossy  and  not  serrated.  This  is  Fontanesia 
Fortunei,  a  pleasing  shrub  introduced  from  China. 


Bosc's  RED  ASH  (Fra.iinus  pubescens,  var.  Bosci) 
Map  i.     No.  98. 


49 

It  gets  its  name  from  Desfontaines,  a  French  botanist. 
In  May  or  June  it  sends  out  its  creamy-white  flower 
clusters  in  both  terminal  and  auxiliary  racemes  or 
panicles.  The  Fontanesia  has  rather  quadrangular 
branches  and  flat-winged  seeds. 

The  next  fork  of  the  Walk,  close  by  the  Dairy,  shows 
in  its  left-hand  corner  a  handsome  Japan  quince  which 
bears  crimson  flowers  early  in  the  spring,  and  directly 
opposite  to  it,  in  the  bend  of  the  right-hand  fork,  is 
a  Persian  lilac  which  blooms  in  May  with  handsome 
lilac-colored  flowers. 

If  you  follow  the  right-hand  fork  past  the  Dairy, 
and  toward  the  Drive,  just  beyond  the  Dairy,  on  your 
left,  you  will  find  a  honeysuckle  which  somewhat  re- 
sembles the  fly  honeysuckle.  It  stands  on  your  left, 
about  half  way  between  the  Dairy  and  the  large  Pau- 
lownia  which  you  easily  recognize  by  its  little  "grape- 
bunches"  of  flower  buds  and  catalpa-like  leaves.  The 
Paulownia  is  midway  between  the  Dairy  and  Drive, 
on  the  left.  But  to  come  back  to  the  honeysuckle.  It 
is  the  Standish's  honeysuckle  (Lonicera  Standishii). 
It  is  an  early  bloomer,  coming  out  in  March  or  April 
with  very  fragrant  white  or  blusri-tinted  flowers  on 
hairy  footstalks.  Its  delicate  blossoms  give  the  bush 
a  dainty  look  lovely  to  see,  while  yet  the  paths  are 
lined  with  bare  shrubs  and  trees.  The  leaves  of  this 
honeysuckle  lack  the  cusp  at  the  top  of  the  leaves 
which  so  characterizes  the  fragrantissima.  The  leaves 
of  the  Standishii  are  leathery  (coriaceous)  and  have 
ciliate  or  hairy  margins.  In  form  the  leaf  is  ovate- 
lance  shape  and  has  a  hard  finish  appearance,  especially 


50 

on  the  upper  side.  The  branches  of  the  honeysuckle 
are  also  hairy.  It  is  a  native  of  China,  but  has  been 
naturalized  in  England  and  this  country. 

Coming  back  now  to  the  fork  of  the  Walk  by  the 
Dairy,  let  us  take  the  left-hand  branch  and  go  west- 
ward and  northward.  Just  beyond  the  Japan  quince, 
on  your  left,  is  Cratcegus  macracantha,  with  its  glossy 
oval  leaves.  Opposite  to  it,  on  the  right  of  the  Walk, 
is  shadbush  with  its  beautifully  marked  bark,  steel- 
gray  with  darker  lines  like  veins  streaking  it  in  a 
way  which  if  once  noted  will  never  be  forgotten.  This 
is  its  special  winter  mark  and  its  glory.  The  shad- 
bush  is  very  beautiful  in  early  spring  when  it  sends 
out  its  cherry-like  blossoms  in  white  flowered  racemes 
from  the  ends  of  the  branches  just  before  its  leaves 
begin  to  appear.  Its  leaves  are  very  finely  serrate, 
one  of  nature's  specimens  of  art  work  in  leaf  cutting. 
They  are  about  three  inches  long,  varying  from  a 
rather  oblong  shape  to  a  roundish  or  heart-shaped 
form.  The  fruit  of  the  shrub,  is  a  small  globular  berry 
of  a  beautifully  purplish  color  and  about  half  an  inch 
in  diameter.  It  is  edible  and  good  to  the  taste.  Con- 
tiBuing  on  your  left,  you  meet  sycamore  maple,  just 
this  side  of  the  lamp-post,  which  directly  fronts  the 
northerly  arm  of  the  Walk.  Let  us  proceed  now  along 
this  northerly  arm.  At  our  left  is  cornelian  cherry  of 
the  dogwood  family,  which  is  almost  the  earliest  of 
the  shrubs  to  break  into  bloom.  When  the  crow  black 
birds  send  out  their  wheezy  cackling  calls  you  can  look 
for  the  pretty  close-clustered  clover-looking  yellow 
flowers  of  the  cornelian  cherry.  They  burst  out  in 


little  bunches  along  the  bare  branches  and,  at  a  little 
distance  away,  look  very  clover-like.  Its  flowers  are 
succeeded  by  beautiful  light-yellow  berries,  which,  in 
early  fall,  change  to  shining  scarlet.  You  will  know 
it  by  its  leaves,  which  say  "dogwood"  to  you  the 
moment  you  see  them.  Opposite  the  cornelian  cherry 
is  fly  honeysuckle.  A  little  further  on,  at  your  right, 
you  pass  fine  bushes  of  the  strawberry  shrub  (diag- 
onally opposite  the  lamp  on  the  left),  with  large  leaves, 
and,  in  the  angle  of  the  next  branch  of  the  Walk, 
as  it  bears  away  to  the  left,  is  common  lilac.  Opposite 
the  lilac,  across  the  Walk,  is  Kcelrevteria,  and  back  of 
this,  oak-leaved  hydrangea,  whose  noticeably  oak-like 
leaves  easify  identify  it.  Following  the  right-hand 
branch  of  the  fork  here,  down  toward  the  Arch  below, 
you  will  find  a  fine  fringe-tree,  standing  close  by  an 
Austrian  pine,  quite  near  the  Arch  on  your  left.  Its 
leaves  are  entire  (not  cut),  and  are  set  oppositely  on 
the  branch.  The  shrub,  or  small  tree,  blooms  in  June, 
with  lovely  fringe-like  masses  or  white  flowers.  Dark 
blue  purple  berries,  covered  with  a  bloom,  succeed 
the  flowers.  These  berries  are  about  half  an  inch 
long. 

Then,  if  you  come  back  and  follow  the  left  branch, 
westward  toward  the  Drive,  you  pass  on  your  right, 
about  half  way  to  the  Drive,  hop-tree.  You  will  know 
it  by  its  leaves,  which  are  compound,  and  made  up  of 
three  leaflets.  From  its  wafer  or  elm-like  seeds, 
broadly  winged  about  the  margin,  it  gets  its  name 
Ptelea,  derived  from  the  Greek  word  for  elm.  Indeed, 
if  you  do  not  know  the  tree  and  should  come  upon  it 


52 

when  it  is  in  full  fruit,  you  might  easily  mistake  its 
seeds  for  elm  seeds.  But,  of  course,  its  leaves  will 
set  you  right.  The  tree  blooms  with  quite  conspicuous 
flowers  in  June,  greenish-white  cymes  which  smell 
rather  disagreeably.  The  Walk  you  are  now  on  leads 
out  upon  a  Walk  that  runs  alongside  the  Drive.  Just 
as  you  come  out  upon  the  Drive-walk,  you  will  see, 
clustered  close  together  on  your  left,  three  good-sized 
white  pines  with  horizontal  boughs,  fine  delicate 
needles,  from  three  to  five  inches  long,  gathered  to- 
gether in  bundles  of  five. 

On  your  right,  opposite  the  pines,  is  a  large  clump 
of  Rhodotypos,  and  behind  it,  tall  and  spire-like,  a  fine 
bald  cypress,  with  beautiful  feather-like  leaves.  Here 
we  have  come  to  the  Drive-walk.  If  you  turn  to  the 
left,  and  go  back  southerly  toward  Fifty-ninth  Street, 
you  will  pass,  about  midway  between  the  junction  here 
and  the  Arch  over  the  Transverse  Road,  a  good  clump 
of  box.  This  is  on  the  border  of  the  Walk,  on  your 
left,  as  you  go  south.  Just  beyond,  you  come  to  a 
Bridge  which  spans  the  Transverse  Road.  If  you 
stand  on  it  and  face  east,  in  its  left-hand  corner,  is 
English  elm,  and,  down  by  the  road,  at  the  right,  ris- 
ing up  and  flashing  its  glossy  leaves,  close  within 
reach,  is  a  good  osage  orange.  The  osage  orange's 
branches  show  small  thorns  or  spines  in  the  axils  of  the 
leaves,  and,  on  this  tree,  they  are  very  strong  and 
easily  seen.  If  you  take  the  northerly  branch  from  the 
junction  of  the  Walks  by  the  three  white  pines  and 
bald  cypress  above,  it  will  lead  you  by  some  Philadel- 
phus  Gordonianus,  on  your  right,  bordering  the  Walk. 


Q* 


CVJ    Q 

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J.S3M     XtiVd 


Explanations,  Map  No.  2 


9- 
10. 
ii. 

12. 

13- 
14. 

J5- 
16. 

J7- 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23- 
24- 


27. 
28. 
29. 
30- 
31- 

32- 


COMMON  NAME 

Common  Horsechestnut. 

English  Elm. 

European  Silver  Linden. 

European  Copper  Beech. 

Spicebush. 

Oleaster  or  Wild  Olive. 

European  White  Birch. 

Ninebark. 

Snowy  Hydrangea. 
Red  Maple. 
Scarlet  Oak. 

American  or  White  Elm. 
Scotch  or  Wych  Elm. 
Chestnut  Oak. 
English  Field  Maple. 
Scarlet-fruited  Thorn. 
Siberian  Crab  Apple. 
Cottonwood   or   Carolina 

Poplar. 
American  Hornbeam,  Blue 

Beech,  Water  Beech. 
Thunberg's  Barberry. 
Fly  Honeysuckle. 
Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 
Silver  or  White  Maple. 
Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 
False  Indigo. 
Indian    Bean     Tree    or 

Southern  Catalpa. 
Smoke  Tree. 
Choke  Cherry. 
Cup  Plant. 
American  Holly. 
Shellbark     or     Shagbark 

Hickory. 
Sassafras. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

ALsculus  hippocastanum. 

Ulmus  campestris. 

Ttlia  Europcea,  var.  argentea. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  cuprea. 

Benzoin  benzoin. 

El&agnus  angustifolia. 

Betula  alba. 

Physocarpus  (or  Spircea)  opu- 

lifolia. 

Hydrangea  nivea  (or  radiata) . 
Acer  rubrum. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Ulmus  Montana. 
Quercus  prinus. 
Acer  campestre. 
Cratagus  coccinea. 
Pyrus  baccata. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Carpins  Caroliniana. 

Berberis  Thunbergii. 
Lonicera  xylosteum. 
Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Lonicera  jragrantissima. 
Amopha  fruticosa. 
Catalpa  bignonioides. 

Rhus  cotinus. 
Prunus  Virginiana. 
Silphium  perjoliatum 
Ilex  opaca. 
Gary  a  alba. 

Sassafras  officinale. 


COMMON  NAME 

33.  Paper  Mulberry. 

34.  Black  Alder  or  Common 

Winterberry. 

35.  Chinese  Cork  Tree. 

36.  White    Poplar    or    Abele 

Tree. 

37.  Californian  Privet. 

38.  Sugar  or  Rock  Maple. 

39.  Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted. 

40.  European  Beech. 

41.  Red  Mulberry. 

42.  European  Linden. 

43.  Honey  Locust. 

44.  European  Beech. 

45.  European  Cherry,  Maha- 

leb  Cherry. 

46.  American  White  Ash. 

47.  Black  Cherry. 

48.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

49.  Silver  or  White  Maple. 

50.  White  Oak. 

51.  Hop  Hornbeam  or  Iron- 

wood. 

52.  White  Pine. 

53.  Double-flowering  Chinese 

Crab  Apple. 

54.  White  Mulberry. 

55.  Common  Privet. 

56.  Washington  Thorn. 

57.  Common  Locust. 

58.  Common  Buckthorn. 

59.  Rose  of  Sharon  or  Althaea 

(White  flowers). 

60.  Large-flowered       Mock 

Orange  or  Syringa. 

6 1.  Large-flowered  Syringa. 

62.  Sour     Gum    Tupelo     or 

Pepperidge. 

63.  Black  Cherry. 

6  4 .  Pignut  or  B  room  Hickory . 
65.  English  Hawthorn. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Broussonetia  papyrifera. 
Ilex  verticillata. 

Phellodendron  Amurense. 
Populus  alba. 

Ligustrum  ovalifolium. 
Acer  saccharinum. 
Liquidamdar  styraciflua. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Morus  rubra. 
Tilia  Europ&a. 
Gledtschia  triacanthos. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Prunus  Mahaleb. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Quercus  bicolor. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Quercus  alba. 
Ostrya  Virginica. 

Pinus  strobus. 

Pyrus  Malus,  var.  spectabilis 
.  flore  plena. 
Morus  alba. 
Ligustrum  vulgare. 
Cratcegus  cordata. 
Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Rhamnus  cathartica. 
Hibiscus  Syriacus. 

Philadelphus  grandiflorus. 

Philadelphus  grandiflorus. 
Nyssa  sylvatica. 

Prunus  serotina. 
Carya  porcina. 
Cratagus  oxyacantha. 


59 


COMMON  NAME 

66.  Austrian  Pine. 

67.  Tulip  Tree. 

68.  Paulo wnia. 

69.  Turkey  Oak. 

70.  English  Oak. 

71.  Oriental  Plane  Tree. 

72.  French  Tamarisk. 

73.  Many-flowered  Oleaster. 

74.  Rhodotypos. 

75.  Norway  Maple. 

76.  Bass  wood. 

77.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

78.  Hop  Tree  or  Shrubby  Tre- 

foil. 

79.  Rhodotypos. 

80.  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

8 1.  Austrian  Pine. 

82.  Sycamore  Maple. 

83.  European  Copper  Beech. 

84.  Black  Haw. 

85.  Japonicum  or  Japan  Vi- 

burnum. 

86.  Black  Walnut. 

87.  Common  Buckthorn. 

88.  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

89.  Weeping     Forsythea     or 

Golden  Bell. 

90.  Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 

91.  Oriental    Plane  Tree. 

92.  Barbary    Box    Thorn, 

or  Matrimony  Vine. 

93.  False  Indigo. 

94.  Pin  or  Swamp  Spanish 

Oak. 

95.  European  Purple  Beech. 

96.  Common  Pear. 

97.  Japan  Quince. 

98.  English  Hawthorn  (Pink 

double  flowers). 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Pinus  Austriaca. 
Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Paulownia  imperialis. 
Quercus  cerris. 
Quercus  robur. 
Platanus  Orientalis. 
Tamarix  Gallica. 
El&agnus  multiflora. 
Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Tilia  Americana. 
Cratcegus  crus-galli. 
Ptelea  trifoliata. 

Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Caragana  arborescens. 
Pinus  Austriaca. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  cuprea. 
Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Viburnum  tomentosum. 

Juglans  nigra. 
Rhamnus  cathartica. 
Caragana  arborescens. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 

Ailanthus  glandulosus. 

Platanus  Orientalis. 
Lycium  barbarum. 

Amorpha  fruticosa. 
Quercus  palustris. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var   atropur- 

purea. 

Pyrus  communis. 
Cydonia  Japonica. 
Crat&gus  oxyacantha. 


6o 


COMMON  NAME 

99.  Bush  or  Fortune's  Deut- 

zia (Single  white  flow- 
ers). 

100.  Bush    Deutzia,    variety 

Rochester  (Flowers 
white,  tinged  on  the 
outside  with  pinkish 
purple). 

101.  Ash.      [Hybrid.]      (This 

is  an  intermediate  form 
between  the  red  and 
the  green  ash.) 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Deutzia  crenata  (or  scabra). 


Deutzia  crenata,  var.  Pride  of 
Rochester. 


Fraxinus. 


II. 

THE  BALL  GROUND  AND  VICINITY. 

As  you  enter  the  Park  at  the  Seventh  Avenue  Gate, 
Fifty-ninth  Street,  the  flash  and  luster  of  privet  meets 
you  on  both  sides  of  the  Walk.  Bedded  in  with  it, 
on  the  right,  about  half  way  between  the  street  and 
the  little  guard  house  by  the  Walk,  you  will  see  a 
fine  bush  of  the  Lonicera  fragrantissima,  which  you 
have  met  before.  Then,  still  on  your  right,  you  pass 
a  good-sized  horsechestnut,  with  large  gummy  buds 
in  winter.  About  half  way  between  this  tree  and  the 
cross-walk  beyond,  stands  a  healthy  English  elm,  and 
at  the  corner  of  the  cross-walk  a  couple  of  very  hand- 
some copper  beeches.  You  will  know  these  easily  by 
their  short  trunks,  light  granite-gray  bark,  horizontal 
branches  with  pointed  cigar-shaped  buds  and  toothless 
hairy-margined  (ciliate)  leaves,  copper-colored  in  early 
spring  and  early  summer.  Later  in  the  season  these 
leaves  burn  off  their  fires  and  grow  softly  bronze  green. 

In  passing  the  English  elm  spoken  of  below  I  hope 
you  noted  the  large  handsome  sugar-loaf  or  haystack- 
shaped  tree  which  stands  a  little  to  the  east  and  south 
of  the  English  elm.  This  tree  is  a  handsome  specimen 
of  the  European  silver  linden.  Note  its  beautiful, 
smooth,  steel-gray,  rounded  branches  rising  like  pipes 
from  the  short  thick-set  trunk  and  ending  in  fine  sprays 
of  twigs  which  fret  the  winter  sky  with  a  beauty  all 


62 

their  own.  In  winter  the  tree  is  especially  beautiful. 
Then  the  clear,  sharp,  crystaline  living  sunshine  brings 
out  all  the  silver  of  its  bark  and  makes  a  wonder 
work  in  light  and  shade  of  its  organ-like  branches 
and  slender  twigs.  Come  upon  it  on  one  of  our 
sparkling  mid-winter  days;  then  it  is  a  veritable  blaze 
of  steel,  and  your  eye  will  rove  over  its  beauty  with 
a  joy  as  keen  as  the  play  of  the  sunshine  itself.  In 
foliage,  the  silver  linden  may  be  known  by  its  heart- 
shaped  leaves,  unequally  sided,  glossy  and  shining 
green  above  and  silvery  white  on  the  undersides. 
Its  flowers,  which  break  out  usually  in  June,  are  in 
clusters  from  leafy  bracts  with  the  petals  set  open  so 
widely  (when  fully  blown)  as  to  appear  almost  star- 
like.  These  flowers  of  the  European  silver  linden 
are  especially  interesting  from  the  presence  of  the 
petaloid  scale  at  the  base  of  its  petals.  This  scale  is 
not  present  in  the  common  European  linden  (T.  Euro- 
pea).  The  flowers  break  out  in  June  and  are  very 
fragrant.  These  are  succeeded  by  ovoid  fruits  which 
are  distinctly  five-angled  or  ribbed.  This  ribbed  fruit 
is  noticeably  different  from  that  of  our  own  basswood, 
whose  fruit  is  large,  round  and  very  woolly  or  pubes- 
cent. Truly  the  European  silver  linden  is  an  elegant 
tree,  handsome  in  bark  and  form  and  foliage,  and  when 
its  rich  leaves  are  turning  to  the  caress  of  summer 
zephyrs,  how  beautiful  are  those  sudden  bursts  of 
silver  that  drift  through  their  deep  green. 

On  the  left  of  the  Walk  here,  almost  directly  op- 
posite the  purple  beeches,  you  will  find  spicebush.  You 
will  do  well  to  see  the  shrub  in  spring.  When  the 


purple  grackle  is  sending  out  his  wheezy  call  over  the 
bare  trees,  flashing  his  irridescent  neck  in  the  blaze 
of  a  sun  that  has  still  the  edge  of  winter  in  its  golden 
light,  when  the  alder  and  the  hazel  are  beginning  to 
drop  their  lace-like  veils,  when  the  air  is  full  of  that 
indescribable  perfume  of  damp  ground  and  mouldy 
turf,  when  every  whiff  of  the  pungent  breeze  is  a 
poem  of  spring,  see  this  bush  set  its  pretty  little 
yellow  flowers  along  its  dusky  branches  as  a  sure 
sign  that  spring  is  here.  I  cannot  tell  with  what  de- 
light I  always  behold  it!  Together  with  the  outburst 
of  the  Cornelian  cherry,  its  sight  always  sends  a  thrill 
through  me.  The  flowers  are  so  small,  so  delicate, 
so  fairy-like  and  cling  so  closely  to  the  branches,  they 
seem  to  huddle  cheerily  together  as  if  they  scarcely 
quite  dared  to  be  out  at  all.  You  cannot  mistake  them. 
Their  tiny  little  umbels,  sessile,  or  nearly  so,  hang 
close  to  the  branch,  in  dense  clover-like  bunches,  very 
similar,  to  the  passing  eye,  to  those  of  the  Cornelian 
cherry.  They  break  out  along  the  branches  before 
the  leaves  appear.  The  flowers  change  into  beautiful 
red  berries  which  are  ripe  in  the  autumn.  You  can 
easily  know  this  shrub  by  the  spicy  smell  of  its  leaves 
and  twigs,  which  are  very  aromatic.  It  is  this  feature 
which  has  given  the  bush  its  common  name.  Its 
leaves  are  entire,  that  is,  not  serrated  or  cut;  are  ob- 
long ovate  and  are  set  alternately  along  the  branches. 
The  bush  has  its  terminal  twigs  rather  greenish,  but 
its  older  branches  are  of  a  dull  slaty  gray  or  dusty 
black  and  are  noticeably  speckled  with  little  dots  or 
spots. 


64 

At  the  junction  of  Walks  here,  one  cross-walk  runs 
off  to  the  east  and  one  to  the  west.  Let  us  now  fol- 
low the  easterly  or  right-hand  one.  Beyond  the  cop- 
per beeches,  a  short  distance,  out  on  the  smooth  green 
of  the  lawn,  about  midway  between  the  Walk  and  the 
Street,  stands  a  white  birch.  It  is  the  European  white 
birch,  Betula  alba.  You  can  tell  it  chiefly  by  its  leaves 
which  are  rather  small  and  ovate,  slightly  deltoid,  and 
rather  unequally  cut  on  the  margins.  You  can  dis- 
tinguish it  from  our  native  canoe  or  paper  birch  by  its 
bark  and  trunk  alone.  The  trunk  of  the  canoe  birch 
is  plump  and  rounded,  of  a  cleaner,  more  chalky 
white,  and  far  less  marked  with  the  "eyebrows"  or 
dark  streaks  where  the  branches  shoot  out  from  the 
trunk.  But  if  these  points  of  difference  are  not  enough, 
examine  the  leaves.  They  will  surely  set  you  right. 
The  leaf  of  the  paper  birch  is  heart-shaped  at  the  base 
and  long  ovate  with  a  tapering  point.  The  only  other 
white  birch  this  tree  might  be  taken  for,  by  the  novice, 
is  the  American  white  or  gray  birch,  the  leaf  of  which 
is  distinctly  triangular  and  exceedingly  taper-pointed, 
with  a  decidedly  truncate  and  broad  base.  Our  gray 
birch's  bark  is  of  a  cream  white  and  often  flushed 
with  a  beautiful  reddish  tinge.  On  young  trees  the 
tinge  is  of  a  deep  salmon  or  copper  hue.  So  the 
white  birches  are  very  easily  distinguished. 

Just  in  front  of  the  European  birch  is  a  clump  of 
ninebark  with  trifoliate-shaped  leaves  and,  in  front  of 
the  ninebark,  a  smaller  bush  with  leaves  which  are 
distinctly  white  or  "snowy"  on  the  undersides.  This 
is  Hydrangea  nivea,  and  in  June  or  July  it  lifts  over 


65 

its  beautiful  leaves  the  flat  white  clusters  or  cymes  of 
its  flowers.  The  outer  ring  of  these  flowers  are  sterile 
and  are  very  much  larger  than  the  inner  or  fertile 
flowers.  Botanists  say  this  is  to  attract  the  insects  to 
the  flowers.  When  the  wind  touches  the  leaves  of  this 
shrub  it  makes  it  a  thing  of  wondrous  beauty.  I  have 
seen  it  leap  from  its  dark  sober  green  into  instant 
snow  at  the  magic  touch  of  the  breeze.  Then  it  is 
all  life  and  light  and  flame  and  fire,  and  its  animation 
seems  a  joy.  You  feel  that  it,  too,  loves  the  breeze, 
and  that  it  is  reveling  in  it  as  you  are. 

Beyond  the  hydrangea,  still  following  the  right 
hand  of  the  path,  is  red  maple,  with  brittle  grayish 
branches.  The  red  maple  is  very  lovely  in  the  spring 
when  it  flushes  with  its  crimson  bloom.  Here  the 
Walk  begins  to  swing  a  little  to  the  northeasterly,  and 
at  the  Arbor,  just  beyond,  bends  about  due  east.  As 
you  come  to  this  very  cosy  little  rustic  Arbor,  there 
are  several  things  which  will  claim  your  attention. 
All  are  gathered  close  together,  very  near  the  Arbor, 
on  your  right  as  you  approach  it.  First,  you  come 
to  black  alder  or  common  winterberry,  Ilex  verticil- 
lata.  It  is  a  shrub  with  spreading  grayish  branches 
and  obovate  leaves,  pointed  at  the  tip  and  wedge- 
shaped  at  the  base.  This  shrub  is  conspicuous  in  the 
fall  of  the  year  by  reason  of  its  berries,  which  are 
brilliant  scarlet,  rounded  and  rather  flattened  at  the 
top.  You  will  see  them  singly  or  two  or  three  in  a 
cluster,  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  The  bush  blooms 
in  late  May  or  early  June  with  very  small  greenish 
white  flowers.  Beyond  the  black  alder  is  a  good  pep- 


66 


per  bush,  known  easily  in  winter  by  the  dried  fruit 
racemes  which  cling  to  its  branches  in  spike-like  rows 
of  bottle-shaped  capsules.  Then  you  come  to  arrow- 
wood  with  its  beautiful  saw-cut  leaves,  pepper  bush 
again,  and  then  to  three  bushes  of  Forsythia  viridis- 
sima,  with  lance-like  leaves. 

Just  east  of  the  Arbor  is  American  elm,  and  a  little 
distance  beyond  it,  close  by  the  Walk,  stands  another 
beautiful  red  maple.  In  the  point,  on  the  right,  where 
this  Walk  meets  the  Walk  from  Sixth  Avenue  Gate, 
which .  we  followed  in  the  previous  ramble,  you  will 
find  a  fine  Scotch  elm  which  you  can  recognize  easily 
by  its  leaf  alone.  This  is  broad  at  the  top,  with  a 
longish  point,  and  often  with  some  lesser  points  shoot- 
ing out  very  noticeably  from  its  end.  The  flowers  of 
the  Scotch  elm  are  of  a  purplish  green,  in  close  dense 
clover-like  clusters,  and  these  change  into  large  winged 
seeds.  The  seeds,  and  often  the  wings,  are  beautifully 
flushed  with  purple.  The  wing  of  the  fruit  is  round, 
oval,  and  slightly  notched  at  the  end. 

Let  us  go  on  a  little  here  and  follow  the  left  swing 
of  the  Walk  northward  to  the  Drive,  and  then  retrace 
our  steps  to  the  cross-walk  which  we  met  soon  aftef 
we  came  in  at  the  Seventh  Avenue  Gate. 

About  midway  between  the  junction  here  and  the 
Drive  to  the  north,  with  its  foot  well  gripped  to  the 
rocks  on  your  right,  stands  a  sturdy  young  American 
holly  (Ilex  opaca).  You  know  it  is  holly  immediately, 
by  its  leaves,  set  so  bravely  with  spines,  and  you  know 
it  is  the  American  species  by  its  flattish  leaf  of  a  dead 
dully  finished  green.  The  leaf  of  the  European  holly 


6; 

is  glossy  and  burnished,  and  pale  yellow  on  the  under 
side.  Another  mark  which  distinguishes  our  native 
holly  from  the  European,  is  the  margin  of  its  leaf 
which  has  not  the  very  noticeable  whitish  and  trans- 
lucent edge  that  garnishes  the  border  of  the  Euro- 
pean species. 

By  the  border  of  the  Walk  and  near  the  Drive,  on 
your  left,  is  a  clump  of  the  cup  plant  (Silphium  per- 
foliatum)  which  you  will  have  no  difficulty  in  recog- 
nizing by  its  very  smooth  square  stems  rising  from 
five  to  ten  feet  in  height,  and  set  with  large  opposite 
coarsely-toothed  ovate  leaves  which  come  together 
about  the  stem  (connate)  at  their  bases  in  a  kind  of 
cup.  The  cup  gathers  water  from  the  rains  and  dews, 
and  holds  it  in  reserve  for  the  uses  of  the  plant.  It 
is  this  feature  which  has  given  the  plant  its  name. 

Let  us  now  turn  at  this  point  and  go  back  the  cross- 
walks near  the  Seventh  Avenue  Gate,  noting  the  things 
we  pass  on  our  right — the  northerly  border  of  the 
Walk  along  which  we  have  just  rambled. 

Up  on  the  rocky  bank,  about  diagonally  opposite 
the  Scotch  elm,  stands  a  young  shagbark  hickory. 
You  can  tell  it  easily  by  its  scaly  bark  which  seems 
to  blister  from  the  trunk,  and  shag  from  it  in  curv- 
ing ends.  Its  leaves,  too,  are  distinctly  compound, 
made  up  of  five  leaflets,  with  the  two  lower  ones  much 
smaller  than  the  others.  A  little  nearer  the  Walk, 
and  beyond  the  hickory,  to  the  west,  a  sassafras  rises 
from  beside  a  rock.  If  it  is  in  foliage,  its  mitten- 
shaped  leaves  will  be  enough  to  fix  it  for  you.  But 
in  winter  you  can  tell  it  by  its  heavy,  deeply-fissured 


68 

bark,  which  seems  to  run  in  plates  of  some  several 
inches  in  length  at  rather  regular  intervals.  This 
plating  of  the  sassafras  bark  always  reminds  me  of 
the  little  bundles  of  kindling  wood  sold  at  grocer's 
stores.  If  you  once  get  this  feature  fixed  in  your 
eye  you  can  always  tell  a  sassafras  by  its  bark  alone. 
The  sassafras  blooms  in  the  spring  with  yellow-green 
flowers  in  small  close  clusters.  These  change  into 
small  bluish  berries  which  are  ripe  in  September.  In 
the  autumn  this  tree  is  in  its  glory,  and  its  leaves 
fairly  flame  with  orange  and  scarlet,  cooling  off  into 
the  most  beautiful  shades  of  crimson  and  purple. 
It  may  be  interesting  to  add  that  the  tree  belongs  to 
the  laurel  family. 

Beyond  the  sassafras,  about  opposite  the  red  maple 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Walk,  you  will  see  a  spread- 
ing shrub  with  branches  which  seem  trying  hard  to 
sprawl  over  the  lawn,  in  a  crab-like  manner.  Come 
here  and  stand  before  it  in  June.  Then  it  lives  up  to 
its  name — smoke  tree — fairly  bursting  with  some  un- 
seen fire,  which  you  feel  must  be  raging  under  all 
those  rolling  puffs  of  cloudy  fluff  which  have  changed 
the  shrub  as  by  magic  into  a  miracle  of  beauty.  Truly, 
in  bloom,  it  is  well  named,  and  as  you  stand  and  gaze 
upon  it,  its  smoke  seems  held  as  by  enchantment,  and 
you  half  expect  the  spell  to  break  and  to  see  the  cloud 
rise  in  curling  wreaths,  and  float  away  upon  the  breeze. 
Strictly  speaking,  this  fluffy  condition  takes  place  just 
after  the  delicate  flowers  (greenish  in  terminal  or 
axillary  clusters)  have  been  fully  developed,  when  the 
calyx  and  corolla  have  fallen  away,  and  the  pedicel 


69 

(flower  stem)  lengthens  and  branches  out  into  dense 
hairy  feathery  fluff.  The  leaf  of  this  tree  is  smooth, 
of  clear  green,  entire,  and  obovate  in  shape,  swing- 
ing easily  on  a  slender  petiole. 

About  due  north  of  this  smoke  tree,  across  the 
Drive,  stand  three  Kentucky  coffee  trees,  in  a  close 
cluster,  east  of  a  lamp-post,  and  due  north  of  the 
Kentucky  coffee  trees  is  a  large  handsome  ash  tree 
with  dark  lustrous  green  compound  leaves.  This  is 
a  very  interesting  tree,  for  it  is  slightly  pubescent 
about  the  bases  of  the  leaf  stems  and  in  the  axils  of 
the  leaflets.  It  is,  therefore,  a  fair  type  of  the  inter- 
mediate form  of  ash  between  the  red  and  the  white, 
the  white  being  smooth,  and  the  red  densely  pubescent. 
You  note  that  on  this  tree  the  end  branches  are  mostly 
smooth. 

Off  to  the  northeast  of  this  tree  is  a  magnificent 
clump  of  Japan  quince,  which  is  a  glory  of  crimson  in 
the  spring.  It  is  superb.  Just  beside  this,  also  to  the 
northeast  of  it,  is  a  lovely  pink  double-flowered  variety 
of  the  English  hawthorn.  To  the  right  of  the  quince, 
northwest,  is  a  healthy  specimen  of  the  English  haw- 
thorn proper.  This  has  white  flowers  in  May.  A 
fine  old  Mahaleb  cherry  stands  above  these  three 
beauties.  To  the  north,  beyond  the  Mahaleb,  side  by 
side,  are  two  glorious  purple  beeches.  It  was  my 
very  good  fortune  to  see  the  lovely  white  bloom  of 
the  hawthorn  against  the  rich  dark  purple  of  these 
two  beeches,  and  it  was  a  sight  I  shall  not  forget.  To 
the  left  of  the  beeches  is  a  pretty  young  black  haw, 
which  you  can  identify  easily  by  the  little  crimson 


;o 

wings  or  flanges  on  its  leaf  stem  (petiole).  The 
black  haw  gets  its  name  from  its  fruit,  which  is  deep 
blue  or  black  purple  when  ripe.  Its  botanical  specific 
name  prunifolium  refers  to  its  plum  or  cherry  (prunus) 
like  leaves.  To  the  west  of  the  black  haw  is  common 
pear. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  the  smoke  tree  near  the 
Walk  along  which  we  were  following.  Just  northwest? 
of  the  smoke  tree  is  Catalpa  bignonioides,  about  op- 
posite the  easterly  end  of  the  Arbor,  on  the  left  of  the 
Walk.  Out  on  the  stretch  of  lawn,  midway  between 
Walk  and  Drive,  is  a  shrub  with  small  oval  locust- 
like  leaves  set  alternately  along  the  leaf  stem,  from 
eleven  to  twenty-one  in  number.  You  might  mistake 
the  shrub  for  a  bristly  locust  a  little  distance  away,  as 
its  appearance  is  quite  similar.  In  summer  it  wakes 
to  bloom,  and,  if  you  should  pass  it  then,  you  would 
surely  stop  to  admire  its  long  finger-like  racemes  of 
deep  purple.  Indeed,  they  have  almost  a  velvety  look, 
and  the  orange  anthers  (the  pollen-bearing  parts  of 
the  stamens)  set  thorn  off  beautifully.  These  spike- 
like  racemes  change  into  fruit  clusters  which  cling  to 
the  shrub  through  the  autumn  and  often  through  the 
winter.  They  are  made  up  of  tiny  curved  pods,  and 
make  an  easy  means  of  identifying  the  shrub  in  your 
winter  rambles.  Just  west  of  this  Amorpha,  is  fra- 
grant honeysuckle,  and  west  of  the  honeysuckle  stand 
two  silver  maples,  with  black  cherry  beyond.  Not  far 
from  these,  diagonally  across,  by  the  Drive,  is  a  lamp- 
post, and  south  of  the  lamp-post,  a  handsome  scarlet 
oak,  in  the  full  pride  of  its  dark  glossy  green  leaves 


so  beautifully  lobed,  shakes  the  light  from  its  healthy 
foliage  in  flashes  of  white  fire. 

As  you  follow  the  Walk  back,  westward,  just  as  you 
come  to  the  cross-walks  before  mentioned,  in  the  north- 
easterly corner  of  the  junction,  two  Scotch  elm  stand 
side  by  side.  Back  of  these,  up  on  the  ridge  of  rock 
that  rises  abruptly,  you  will  find  a  good  specimen  of 
the  chestnut  oak.  You  can  tell  it  easily,  even  at  a 
distance,  by  its  distinctive  leaves.  These  are  obovate 
and  wavy  margined,  running  in  coarse  easy  cuttings, 
like  an  old-fashioned  cookie.  On  the  undersides  of 
the  leaves  the  ribs  show  prominently,  about  ten  to 
sixteen  pairs,  usually.  It  stands  a  little  southeast  of 
the  lamp  that  guards  the  north  fork  of  the  crossways 
here. 

Before  we  take  this  northerly  trend  of  the  Walk 
(the  one  which  goes  on  under  the  Arch  ahead)  there 
are  some  things  to  see  along  the  left  branch  of  the 
junction  here. 

Up  the  bank  on  your  right  as  you  go  westward, 
there  is  a  pretty  young  hawthorn  of  the  variety  coc- 
cinea.  It  stands  about  midway  between  a  Scotch  elm 
and  a  cottonwood.  The  cottonwood  you  can  tell  by 
its  spade-shaped  leaves  and  flattened  leaf  stems,  the 
hawthorn  by  its  thorns.  This  hawthorn  is  commonly 
called  the  scarlet-fruited  hawthorn  on  account  of  the 
very  large  (half  an  inch)  round  or  pear-shaped  scarlet 
berries  it  bears  in  September.  The  leaf  of  this  haw- 
thorn is  of  a  beautiful  light  green,  very  regularly  lobed, 
and  roundish  ovate  in  form.  It  is  a  thin  leaf  compared 
with  the  leaves  of  the  other  hawthorns  in  the  Park. 


72 

Compared  with  the  thick  leathery  leaf  of  the  cock- 
spur,  it  is  almost  tender.  Its  leaf  is  so  regularly  cut, 
you  can  identify  it  by  this  feature  alone.  The  lobes 
run  out  in  points  behind  each  other  in  almost  a  straight 
line  like  a  series  of  steps. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  Walk,  your  left,  just  around 
the  corner  from  the  spicebush,  already  described,  you 
will  find  a  very  downy-leaved  honeysuckle.  These 
leaves  are  especially  downy  when  young,  later  they 
get  smooth.  They  are  rather  heart-shaped  and  hairy 
on  the  edges.  This  soft-leaved  bush  is  the  fly  honey- 
suckle (Lonicera  xylosteum),  and  in  May  it  sends  out 
fragrant  white  (changing  to  yellow)  flowers  which 
have  nearly  equal  lobes  and  a  very  unequal-sided  base. 
This  gives  the  flower  a  two-lipped  appearance.  The 
flowers  are  succeeded  by  beautiful  red  berries. 

If  you  follow  this  path  westward,  a  little  beyond  the 
Bridle  Path,  you  will  come  to  a  tree  near  the  right- 
hand  border  of  the  Walk  which  may  impress  you  as 
looking  very  much  like  a  willow.  Its  general  appear- 
ance, from  a  little  distance,  is  very  willow-like,  but 
the  tree  is  really  of  quite  a  different  family.  It  is  an 
oleaster  (El&agnus)  and  belongs  to  the  Elceagnacea, 
or  oleaster  family.  Its  leaves  are  narrow  (lanceolate), 
and  silvery  white  on  the  under  sides,  with  a  decided 
scurf.  In  July  it  puts  out  its  flowers,  fragrant  and 
spicy,  small  little  tubes  of  yellow  with  four  petals, 
yellow  on  the  inside,  but  silvery  white  on  the  outside. 
This  tree  stands  near  a  hop-tree  and  a  large  thorned 
hawthorn.  The  hop-tree  has  compound  leaves  made 
up  of  three  leaflets,  and  the  hawthorn,  C.  macracantha, 


73 

has  glossy,  oval  leaves  of  a  satin-like  finish,  and 
branches,  with  strong  thorns. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  the  junction  of  cross-walks, 
and  follow  the  continuation  of  the  Walk,  which  began 
at  the  Seventh  Avenue  Gate  northward  under  the  Arch 
beneath  the  Drive,  toward  the  Ball  Ground. 

Just  before  you  pass  under  the  Arch,  on  your  right, 
a  well-grown  American  hornbeam  leans  out  its  leaves 
to  you.  You  can  pick  it  out  easily  by  its  smooth- 
barked  trunk  and  branches,  which  are  ridged  here  and 
there  with  gentle  swellings  that  give  them  a  muscle- 
like  look.  This  muscular  effect  is  chiefly  the  charac- 
teristic of  the  American  species.  Note,  too,  the  fine 
silvery  veining  of  the  smooth  gray  bark,  and  how 
closely  the  tree's  leaves  resemble  those  of  the  birch. 
Indeed,  this  resemblance  is  so  striking  in  the  Euro- 
pean species  of  hornbeam  that  it  has  given  the  tree 
its  botanical  name,  Carpinus  betulus.  The  staminate 
flowers,  in  drooping  catkins,  make  the  tree  very  beauti- 
ful in  spring,  veiling  it  with  a  hanging  cloud  of  lace. 
The  pollen-bearing  anthers  are  under  the  bracts  of  the 
catkins.  The  fertile  flowers  are  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches,  little  crimson-tipped  feathers  of  pistils  wound 
up  in  a  leafy  cluster,  so  small  and  delicate  you  would 
scarcely  notice  them  had  you  not  looked  for  them. 
These  are  succeeded  by  conspicuous  clusters  of  hal- 
berd-shaped seed  bracts,  very  large  in  the  European 
variety. 

On  passing  through  the  Arch,  you  meet,  close  by, 
on  your  left,  a  lamp-post.  Up  the  bank,  almost  west 
of  the  lamp-post,  back  of  the  bushes  by  the  Walk,  there 


74 

stands  a  very  interesting  tree,  with  ailanthus-like  leaves. 
It  is  the  Chinese  cork  tree  (Phellodendron  Amurense), 
and  if  you  should  pass  it  in  autumn,  you  should  stop 
to  admire  its  bright  red  leaves  and  its  black  pea-shaped 
berries  in  grape-like  clusters,  which  remain  on  the 
tree  late  in  winter.  The  leaves  of  this  tree  are  com- 
pound, opposite,  from  one  to  three  feet  long  and  look 
very  much  like  ailanthus  leaves.  The  leaflets,  long, 
taper-pointed,  are  arranged  opposite  each  other  in  two 
to  six  pairs,  with  an  odd  one  at  the  end.  In  June  it 
flowers  in  not  very  conspicuous  greenish  open  clusters 
at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  The  drupe-like  fruit  con- 
tains five  small  seeds.  Back  of  this  tree,  up  the  bank 
a  little,  to  the  northwest,  stands  a  paper  mulberry  with 
a  bark  which  seems  to  be  faintly  banded  at  intervals 
along  its  trunk  with  tinges  of  gray,  a  few  shades 
darker  than  the  pinkish  gray  of  the  rest  of  the  trunk. 
Its  leaves  are  very  rough  on  the  upper  sides,  but  soft 
and  downy  beneath.  They  have  several  shapes,  ovate 
or  heart-shaped,  lobed  variously  like  mulberry  leaves, 
mitten  form,  with  the  thumb  on  either  side,  or  perhaps 
both  thumbs  on  the  same  mitten.  The  tree  flowers 
very  inconspicuously,  with  greenish  catkins  in  the 
spring,  but  its  fruit  it  quite  conspicuous — globular 
heads,  dark  scarlet,  insipidly  sweet.  These  are  ripe  in 
August.  The  paper  mulberry  is  of  foreign  origin, 
cultivated  from  Japan  and  China.  Although  it  be- 
longs to  the  same  family  group  or  order  (nettle  fam- 
ily) as  the  Morus  (mulberry),  it  does  not  belong  to 
that  genus.  It  gets  its  name  from  the  French  botanist 
P.  N.  V.  Broussonet.  A  little  further  on,  still  on  your 


75 

right,  tall  and  majestic,  with  the  poise  of  a  sachem, 
and  a  bark  whose  rugged  strength  fills  your  eye  with 
joy,  a  noble  old  cottonwood  shakes  its  thousand  glis- 
tening spear-heads  of  leaves,  challenging  the  flashing 
sun.  A  little  further  along,  on  your  left,  is  Catalpa 
bignonioides  again,  with  its  rambling  sprawl  of 
branches  and  large  heart-shaped  leaves. 

Near  the  Bridge,  which  you  meet  just  ahead,  and 
which  spans  the  Bridle  Path,  you  will  see  on  your 
left,  as  you  continue  northward,  a  good-sized  tree,  sadly 
shattered  in  limb  by  a  long  battle  with  the  elements. 
It  has  lost  many  a  branch,  but  it  has  a  stout  old  heart, 
and  stands  there  still  fighting  on.  You  can  know  it 
easily  by  its  leaves,  thick  glossy  dark  green  on  the 
upper  sides,  but  on  the  under  so  white  that  when  the 
breeze  touches  them,  drifts  of  snow  show  swiftly  here 
and  there  through  the  lustrous  foliage,  like  a  sudden 
smile  lighting  up  an  aged  face.  This  stanch  old  tree 
is  a  white  poplar  or  abele  tree,  Populus  alba,  and  has 
very  wavy  toothed  thick  leaves  of  a  roundish,  rather 
heart-shaped  form.  Their  undersides  are  cottony 
white,  in  strong  contrast  with  the  glossy  dark  green 
of  their  upper  sides.  The  trunk  of  the  tree  has  a 
blackish-looking  heavily-fissured  bark,  to  about  the 
first  branching,  then  it  shows  the  greenish  gray  hue 
so  characteristic  of  the  poplars  generally.  Sometimes 
the  greenish  gray  hue  of  the  upper  branches  of  this 
tree  is  so  light  as  to  appear  almost  white,  a  distance 
away.  In  the  corner  (northwest)  of  the  Walk  by  the 
Bridge  is  California  privet. 

On  your  right  you  passed  about  opposite  the  Ca- 


76 

talpa  and  American  hornbeam,  and  quite  near  the 
Bridge  another  Catalpa  bignonioides  has  set  its  feet 
with  firm  root.  Close  by  the  right-hand  corner  of 
the  Bridge  a  white  birch  (Betula  populifolia)  flutters 
its  dancing  leaves.  Crossing  the  Bridge  we  follow 
the  Walk  on  northwards  to  where  it  forks  right  and 
left  and  embraces  in  its  arms  the  Ball  Ground. 

Let  us  take  the  right-hand  fork  and  follow  it  around 
the  eastern  border  of  the  Ball  Ground.  Just  beyond 
the  lamp-post,  on  your  left,  as  you  proceed  you  pass 
a  paper  mulberry  which  is  very  conveniently  situated 
for  close  study.  Look  for  the  bands  on  its  bark  and 
its  mitten-shaped  leaves.  The  next  tree  beyond  this 
paper  mulberry  is  English  maple.  You  easily  know 
it  by  its  squarish  lobed  leaves. 

The  Walk  now  swings  northward  and  very  near  the 
rocks  which  have  bitten  through  the  soil  about  mid- 
way between  either  end  of  the  Ball  Ground,  near  the 
Walk,  you  will  find,  on  your  left,  a  couple  of  very 
good  specimens  of  the  European  linden.  The  Euro- 
pean linden  (Tilia  Europcea)  is  certainly  a  handsome 
tree  with  its  obliquely  heart-shaped  leaves,  much  more 
finely  serrated  than  those  of  our  American  basswood, 
and  much  smaller.  The  leaf  of  the  European  species 
also  has  usually  a  decided  hump  or  point  on  one  side 
of  the  leaf,  a  little  below  its  tip.  Its  whole  texture  is 
much  finer  than  our  basswood's  leaf;  its  upper  side 
is  smooth,  and,  when  young,  of  a  beautiful  tender 
green.  On  the  underside  of  the  leaf  noticeable  little 
woolly  tufts  are  gathered  in  the  axils  of  the  veins. 
In  form  the  tree  is  broad  dome-shaped  with  a  wide 


77 

reach  of  branch  and  bough.  The  upper  parts  of  the 
tree  and  the  smaller  branches  are  of  a  dusky  sooty 
blackish  gray,  and  the  buds  and  end  branches  are  red- 
dish in  winter.  In  June  the  European  linden  breaks 
open  its  starry  flowers  in  cyme-like  clusters  from  leaf- 
like  bracts.  The  five  white  petals  open  wide  and  show 
the  pin-head  stamens  standing  clear  and  fair  without 
any  petal-like  scale  attached  (as  in  our  bass  wood). 
They  are  very  fragrant,  and  at  night  their  perfume  is 
almost  heavy.  When  you  are  studying  the  flowers  of 
the  linden,  note  that  the  European  silver  linden  has 
the  petal  scale  attached  to  the  stamens,  whereas  the 
common  European  linden  (Tilia  Europcea)  has  it  not. 
The  fruit  of  the  European  linden  is  faintly  five-angled. 
In  this  it  varies  from  the  silver  linden,  whose  fruit  is 
quite  strongly  five-angled. 

Just  beyond  this  rock,  or  series  of  rocks,  the  Walk 
and  the  Bridle  Path  bend  in  close  together,  on  the 
right.  Where  they  approach,  at  the  nearest,  there  are 
two  honey  locusts  and  an  English  maple.  The  honey 
locusts  you  know  by  their  smooth,  blackish  bark,  beset 
with  long-pronged  thorns,  and  by  their  compound 
leaves  of  small,  elliptic,  oval  leaflets ;  the  English  maple, 
by  its  squarish-lobed  leaves  and  thick  set  stocky  form. 

As  you  go  on  northwards,  some  little  distance  beyond 
and  out  upon  the  Ball  Ground  itself,  you  come  to  a 
boulder  standing  poised  with  firm  base  on  a  rock.  Just 
northwest  of  this  stands  a  tree  which  will  surely  inter- 
est you.  It  is  Prunus  Mahaleb,  the  Mahaleb  cherry  of 
middle  and  southern  Europe  and  of  the  Caucasus.  In 
May  it  throws  out  its  fragrant  flowers,  in  corymb-like 


78 

clusters  of  white  from  the  ends  of  the  branches.  It  is 
not  a  large  tree,  and  you  can  know  it  easily  by  its  posi- 
tion, just  a  little  northwest  of  the  large  boulder  here; 
by  its  broadly  ovate  leaves  of  light,  bright  green,  with 
margins  finely  and  obtusely  serrated  and  often  with 
cordate  or  heart-shaped  bases.  The  ends  of  the  leaves 
are  short  pointed.  Both  leaves  and  flowers  are  very 
fragrant,  and  the  latter  are  used  by  perfumers.  Small 
dark-red,  acrid  berries  succeed  the  fragrant  flowers. 

As  you  come  near  the  Arbor,  not  much  further  along 
from  the  boulder  here,  just  before  you  come  to  it,  there 
is  a  fine  European  beech  close  by  the  Walk,  on  your 
right.  You  can  know  it  by  its  light  gray,  smoothish 
bark.  Some  one  has  called  the  gray  of  the  beech  ele- 
phantine in  color.  The  designation  is  very  close,  espe- 
cially where  the  bark  seems  to  fold  and  wrinkle,  like 
hide.  Granite  gray,  of  the  quincy  shade,  is  close  to  it 
also.  When  you  meet  a  tree  with  a  gray,  smooth  bark 
in  the  Park,  it  is  either  a  beech,  a  yellow-wood,  or  a 
silver  linden.  How  can  you  tell  them  apart?  The  Eu- 
ropean beech  is  short-trunked  and  has  a  broad,  hori- 
zontal swing  of  bough,  and  its  leaves  are  entire,  not 
toothed,  and  are  very  hairy  on  the  margin.  The  Ameri- 
can beech  carries  a  toothed  leaf,  somewhat  like  a  broad- 
leaved  chestnut,  and  the  tree  grows  much  more  lofty  in 
branching  habit.  In  winter  you  can  tell  the  beech  by 
its  spindle-shaped  or  cigar-shaped  buds — long,  slim, 
flat  in  the  middle,  with  pointed  ends.  There  is  a  world 
of  knowledge  in  the  study  of  the  winter  buds.  Try  to 
gain  it.  The  yellow-wood  you  know  in  summer  by  its 
compound  leaf  (the  beech  and  linden  have  simple 


MAHALEB  CHERRY  (Primus  Mahaleb} 
Map  2.     No.  45. 


79 

leaves),  and  in  winter  you  can  tell  it  from  the  beech  by 
its  not  pointed  buds ;  from  the  silver  linden,  by  its  lack 
of  haystack  or  sugar-loaf  form.  The  silver  linden  is 
easily  known  in  summer  by  its  cordate  leaves,  white 
beneath,  and  in  winter  by  its  sugar-loaf  form,  smooth, 
plump,  satin-gray  limbs — they  always  make  me  think 
of  organ  pipes.  The  silver  linden  seems  to  often  shoot 
up  its  branches  many  together  from  a  common  base,  in 
a  kind  of  fountain  form  which  easily  marks  it  in 
winter. 

But  to  come  back  to  our  beech  by  the  Arbor.  You 
see  its  toothless  leaves  mark  it  at  once  one  of  the  Eu- 
ropean species.  On  going  through  the  Arbor  you  meet, 
on  your  right,  a  few  feet  from  its  end,  a  good  sized 
white  ash,  with  strong,  rugged,  heavily-fissured  bark, 
cut  by  cross  lines  so  regularly  as  to  give  a  lozenge- 
shape  effect  to  the  run  of  the  bark.  The  white  ash  is  a 
tall,  strong  tree,  and  can  be  identified  by  its  compound 
leaves  made  up  of  from  five  to  nine  leaflets,  the  leaflets 
in  pairs  with  the  odd  one  terminal.  The  leaflets  have  a 
kind  of  crimpy  margin  and  are  on  stems  which  carry 
the  bases  of  the  leaflets  well  away  from  the  main  leaf 
stem,  a  feature  which  is  especially  characteristic  of  the 
white  and  red  ash.  The  end  leaflet  has  quite  a  decided 
length  of  stem.  The  leaflets  are  ovate,  lance-pointed, 
of  a  bright,  smooth  green  on  the  uppersides  but  of  a 
soft,  pale  green  on  the  undersides.  Almost  directly 
opposite  the  white  ash,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  you 
will  find  a  little  sapling  swamp  white  oak,  now  about 
four  or  five  feet  high. 

A  little  further  on  the  Walk  forks,  by  the  Carousel. 


8o 

The  lower  right  runs  under  an  arch  toward  the  Dairy. 
The  upper  right  runs  on  to  cross  the  Drive.  In  the 
point  of  this  fork  is  an  English  maple,  and  just  beyond 
it  Catalpa  bignonioides.  Close  by  the  Drive,  standing 
almost  side  by  side,  near  the  border  of  the  upper  right 
fork,  are  two  fine  old  cottonwoods,  with  their  spade- 
shaped  leaves  swinging  on  flattened  leaf-stems.  In  the 
centre  of  the  little  island  before  the  Carousel  is  Ameri- 
can elm. 

Let  us  now  take  the  left  fork  of  the  Walk,  and  go 
almost  directly  westward.  On  your  right,  by  the  steps 
leading  to  the  Carousel,  by  the  easterly  end  of  the  steps, 
is  silver  maple  with  a  red  maple  directly  opposite.  At 
the  westerly  end  of  the  House  here,  on  your  left,  is  a 
good  specimen  of  the  swamp  white  oak,  Quercus  bicolor. 
It  has  thickish  leaves,  resembling  somewhat  a  medium 
between  the  broad  form  of  the  white  oak  and  the  wavy- 
lobed  leaf  of  the  chestnut  oak.  The  chief  characteristic 
of  the  swamp  white  oak's  leaf  is  its  downy,  hoary,  whit- 
ish underside.  By  this  you  can  tell  it  at  once.  The 
leaf  has  a  wedge-shaped  base  and  is  obovate  in  form. 
Its  margin  is  markedly  wavy-notched,  with  rounded 
teeth.  The  tree's  bark  is  of  a  hard,  strong  gray,  deeply 
fissured,  darker  and  more  scaly  than  that  of  the  white 
oak.  The  whole  expression  of  the  tree  is  stronger, 
tougher-looking  than  the  white  oak.  Its  acorn  carries 
a  mossy-fringed  cup.  You  will  find  many  of  these 
trees  in  the  Park,  and  you  should  get  to  know  them 
early  in  your  rambles.  In  winter  you  can  pick  the  tree 
out  by  its  buds  alone,  which  are  noticeably  hairy  or 
fringed.  You  have  a  good  chance  here  to  compare 


8i 

the  characteristics  of  the  two  trees,  the  white  oak  and 
the  swamp  white  oak,  for  you  will  find  a  white  oak, 
of  the  broad-leaved  form  just  across  the  Walk,  up  the 
bank  a  little,  on  your  right.  The  white  oak  has  two 
distinct  forms  of  leaf,  the  narrow  and  the  broad  type. 
The  narrow  is  so  deeply  lobed  that  often  it  is  but  the 
skeleton  of  a  leaf ;  the  broad  form  of  leaf  is  here  before 
you.  The  white  oak's  bark  is  of  a  light,  bright,  granite 
gray,  of  the  Barre  shade,  and  is  shallow  fissured,  seem- 
ing to  run  in  long,  thin,  narrow,  flaky  plates.  So  light 
is  the  color  of  the  white  oak's  bark  that  often  this  is 
almost  enough  to  identify  it.  To  me  the  tree  has  a 
much  softer  expression  than  the  swamp  white  oak, 
much  less  rough  and  tough.  Often  its  bark  has  a 
shade  that  is  almost  white,  and  its  finely  broken  plates 
seem  of  almost  flaky  fineness.  Its  winter  buds  are  red- 
dish brown  and  its  acorn  is  very  different  from  the 
fringe-capped  nut  of  the  swamp  white  oak.  The  nut 
itself  is  light  brown  and  lustrous,  while  the  cup,  hemi- 
spherical, is  clean  and  fits  about  the  nut  with  a  clear 
edge,  seeming  to  constrict  and  bind  the  nut  with  a 
slight  depression  at  this  point. 

Close  by  the  Walk  on  your  right,  a  little  west  of  the 
white  oak,  a  fine  red  maple  flings  over  you  its  three  to 
five-lobed  leaves,  cordate  at  the  base.  The  red  maple 
can  generally  be  easily  known,  even  in  winter,  by  its 
gray,  smooth,  brittle-looking  bark,  with  smoky  drifts 
clouded  through  it  on  the  upper  branches.  Its  end 
twigs  in  winter  are  very  conspicuously  knobbed  with 
crimson  buds.  The  red  maple  is  a  glory  in  the  spring, 
when  its  flowers,  especially  the  pistillate  ones,  flush 


its  form  with  the  loveliest  hues  of  clear  crimson.  See 
them  against  the  blue  of  a  March  or  April  sky,  when 
the  winter  look  has  given  place  to  a  mysterious  softness 
that  seems  to  bear  a  promise  of  tenderness  to  come. 
See  then  these  fairy  flags  of  blood-red  against  the  sky's 
depth ful  blue  and  forever  afterward  you  will  hold  a 
special  place  in  your  heart  for  the  red  maple. 

As  you  follow  the  Walk  westward,  not  far  from 
where  it  meets  the  Walk  which  runs  north  and  south 
near  the  Drive,  you  will  find  a  fine  old  English  elm 
standing  out  on  the  green,  a  little  south  of  a  lamp-post. 
The  lamp-post  is  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  the  elm  is 
on  your  left,  just  south  of  it.  You  will  know  the  tree 
by  its  dark,  heavy  bark  and  oak-like  fling  of  branches. 
It  is  a  fine  tree.  On  the  point  made  by  the  right  fork 
of  the  Walk  is  pin  oak,  tall  and  stately,  with  smooth, 
steel-gray  bark.  You  can  know  a  pin  oak  ve'ry  easily 
by  its  yellow  leaf  stems,. which  are  slender.  Its  leaf 
looks  like  a  small  edition  of  the  scarlet  oak's  leaf,  with 
wide  and  deeply  rounded  sinuses.  The  acorn  of  the 
pin  oak  is  a  sure  index  of  the  tree's  identity.  If  you 
find  one,  you  will  know  your  tree  beyond  a  doubt.  The 
acorn  is  very  small  and  very  beautiful.  It  is  so  cleanly 
cut,  both  cup  and  nut.  The  light-brown  nut  is  almost 
hemispherical,  about  half  an  inch  long,  and  noticeably 
streaked  with  lines.  The  cup,  saucer-shaped,  is  very 
thin  and  shallow  and  sits  close  to  the  branch  on  a  stalk 
so  short  as  to  appear  almost  sessile.  The  pin  oak  is  a 
tall  and  handsome  tree  and  almost  always  does  well  in 
our  parks.  Just  east  of  the  pin  oak  is  a  good  white  pine, 
with  its  leaves  in  bundles  of  five  and  with  broad 


83 

reaches  of  horizontal  boughs  stretching  out  their  level 
platforms  of  soft,  light  green.  This  horizontal  swing 
of  bough  is  enough  to  identify  the  tree  as  far  as  you 
can  see  it.  In  the  same  way,  if  you  look  for  it,  you 
can  tell,  afar  off,  the  Swiss  Stone  pine  by  its  close, 
compact  form  and  conical  head;  the  Austrian,  by 
stocky,  thickset  build,  more  open  foliage,  and  tufting 
habit  of  growing  its  leaves  in  seeming  large  brush-like 
clusters  which  are  very  conspicuous;  the  Scotch,  by 
the  very  reddish  cast  on  its  upper  trunk  and  branches 
and  by  its  sage-green  foliage.  But  the  reddish  hue  is 
what  strikes  you  at  once.  On  some  of  the  Scotch  pines 
it  is  almost  brickish  in  shade.  This  hue  is  so  strongly 
in  the  wood  that  it  has  given  the  tree  its  common  name, 
in  England,  of  red  deal. 

Back  of  the  white  pine  here,  a  little  east  of  north,  up 
the  hill,  near  the  Transverse  Road,  you  will  find  hop 
hornbeam  (Ostrya  Virginica).  Its  leaves  are  much  like 
those  of  the  hornbeam  proper,  but  there  the  resemblance 
between  the  two  trees  ends.  The  hop  hornbeam  bark  is 
rough,  brownish  and  furrowed,  often  scaling  away 
from  the  trunk  after  the  manner  of  the  shagbark  hick- 
ory. Its  fruit  is  very  hop-like  in  appearance  (whence 
the  name  of  the  tree)  and  hangs  in  conspicuous  clusters 
from  the  ends  of  the  season's  side  shoots.  The  fruit 
cluster  is  made  up  of  a  number  of  bag-like  involucres, 
each  of  which  encloses  a  small,  flat  seed.  The  hop 
hornbeam  belongs  to  the  oak  family  and  is  often  called 
ironwood  or  leverwood,  from  the  hardness  of  its  wood. 
You  will  know  the  tree  easily  by  its  birch-like  leaves 
and  brown  bark  in  narrow  scales. 


84 

Directly  opposite  the  pin  oak,  at  the  point  of  the  left 
fork  of  the  Walk,  is  a  well-grown  sugar  maple.  Some 
people  confuse  the  sugar  maple  with  the  Norway  maple 
from  the  rather  close  resemblance  of  their  leaves.  But 
a  glance  at  the  bark  of  the  tree  will  easily  set  you  right. 
The  bark  of  the  sugar  maple  is  smooth  and,  on  young 
trees  slightly,  on  old  trees  deeply,  furrowed  in  long, 
longitudinal  lines.  The  ridges  of  the  furrows  are  very 
strong  and  shaggy,  especially  on  the  older  trees.  The 
bark  of  the  Norway  maple  is  rough  in  regular  lines,  a 
kind  of  hob-nail  effect,  very  different  from  the  smooth 
bark  of  the  sugar  maple.  A  sure  test  of  the  Norway 
maple  lies  in  squeezing  the  base  of  its  leaf.  It  exudes 
a  milky  juice.  The  leaf  of  the  sugar  maple  does  not. 

Let  us  now  take  the  northerly  branch  of  the  Walk,  to 
the  right,  and  follow  it  up  to  the  Drive,  cross  the  Drive 
and  then  follow  the  Walk  southward  as  it  runs  beside 
the  Drive.  As  we  enter  upon  it,  a  fine  old,  white  mul- 
berry greets  us  with  outspread  boughs,  and  at  the  point 
of  the  left  fork  of  the  Walk  here,  just  as  it  sets  to  turn 
south,  is  common  privet.  Note  how  different  its  leaves 
are  from  those  of  the  Californian  privet. 

As  you  go  southward,  on  your  right,  are  two  Rose 
of  Sharon  bushes,  with  a  fine  specimen  of  the  large- 
flowered  syringa  just  behind  them.  Opposite  the  Rose 
of  Sharon  bushes  are  two  buckthorns.  They  are  good 
specimens  of  their  kind,  with  leaves  which  somewhat 
resemble  the  dogweed's  and  a  bark  that  makes  you 
think  of  the  Siberian  pea  tree  or  the  garden  cherry.  The 
leaf  of  the  buckthorn  has  a  rich,  satin-like  finish,  much 
like  the  beautiful  sheen  of  the  Californian  privet's  leaf. 


85 

It  is  nearly  five-nerved,  that  is,  with  veins  parallel. 
These  veins  are  so  strongly  depressed  on  the  upper  side 
that  they  are  distinctly  prominent  below.  In  shape  the 
leaf  is  braoadly  oval,  generally  rounded  at  the  base,  and 
either  rounded  or  sharp-pointed  at  the  top.  The  buck- 
thorn blooms  usually  in  May,  with  small,  greenish,  four 
parted  flowers  in  scarcely  noticeable  clusters  from  the 
axils  of  the  leaves,  and  these  develop  into  small,  black 
bitter  berries  which  are  ripe  in  September.  At  the  tips 
of  the  branchlets  you  will  find  an  easy  identification 
sign  for  the  buckthorn  in  the  little  thorn  which  ter- 
minates them. 

Continuing  south,  you  pass,  on  your  right,  another 
handsome  mass  of  large-flowered  syringa,  and  west  of 
it  white  mulberry.  A  little  southwest  of  the  mulberry 
you  find  false  indigo,  Amor p ha  fruticosa.  Near  the 
Walk,  about  opposite  the  lamp-post  across  the  Drive, 
you  come  to  a  broad  branching  buckthorn  again.  In 
the  corner  of  the  Walk  and  the  Bridle  Path  (the 
northwesterly  corner)  stands  a  Scotch  elm,  and  across 
the  Arch,  at  the  southwesterly  corner,  European  linden. 

At  the  next  offshoot  of  the  Walk,  as  you  go  south, 
which  leads  out  to  Sixty-fourth  Street,  two  trees  stand 
on  the  right  and  the  left  of  the  offshoot.  They  are 
double-flowering  Chinese  crab-apple  trees,  and  early 
in  the  spring  cover  themselves  with  delicately  tinted 
pinkish  double  flowers  in  great  profusion.  Passing 
on  along  the  Walk  as  it  draws  you  southward  by  the 
Drive,  about  midway  between  the  offshoot  which  crept 
out  west  to  Sixty-fourth  Street  and  the  next  fork  of 
the  Walk  below,  you  meet  Siberian  pea  tree,  with 


86 

leaves  made  up  of  from  four  to  six  pairs  of  oval  ob- 
long leaflets  and  clear  yellow  flowers  whose  golden 
standards  and  keel  tell  of  kith  and  kin  with  the  pea- 
family.  These  pea-flowers  change  into  short  pods 
which  are  ripe  in  August,  when  they  show  brown 
amid  the  grass-green  foliage  of  the  shrub.  Its  name 
is  of  Tartar  origin. 

Beyond  the  Siberian  pea  tree  you  pass  several  hand- 
some bushes  of  the  Forsythia  suspensa,  with  long  re- 
curving sweeping  branches  which  seem  to  have  burst 
from  the  ground  like  jets  from  fountains.  Note  their 
generally  three-parted  leaves,  usually  one  larger  one 
with  two  smaller  ones,  wing  and  wing,  below.  Be- 
yond the  Forsythia,  you  meet  Siberian  pea  tree  again, 
then  matrimony  vine,  tamarisk  and  honey-locust. 

Here  we  come  to  another  fork  of  the  Walk,  and 
we  will  take  its  right  branch.  As  we  follow  it,  on  our 
right,  just  beyond  the  honey-locust,  we  meet  a  shrub 
whose  opposite  leaves,  oblong  lanceolate  in  shape  and 
very  silvery  pubescent  undersides,  at  once  mark  it  as 
a  shrub  of  unusual  occurrence  in  our  rambles.  You 
will  not  meet  with  many  of  them  in  the  Park.  It  is 
a  fair  specimen  of  the  many-flowered  oleaster  or  Else- 
agnus.  This  is  a  spreading  shrub  with  reddish  brown 
branchlets  and  alternately  set  simple  leaves  which  are 
ovate-oblong  (some  are  elliptic  in  shape)  and  very  sil- 
very on  the  undersides.  The  uppersides  of  the  leaves 
are  darkish  green,  with  scales  or  star-like  clusters  of 
hairs.  Often  the  margins  of  the  leaves  are  slightly 
crisped.  The  shrub  blooms  in  May  or  June  in  axil- 
lary clusters  two  or  three  together,  and  these  change 


FLOWERS  OF  THE  NORWAY  MAPLE  (Acer  platanoidcs) 
Map  2.     No.  75. 


87 

in  July  or  August  to  reddish  berries  densely  covered 
with  silvery  scales.  This  Elceagmis  miiltiflora  closely 
resembles  its  sister,  Elceagnus  umbellata,  which  also 
carries  its  blossoms  in  axillary  umbels.  But  the  es- 
pecial difference  between  the  two  is  that  the  former 
ripens  its  fruit  much  earlier  than  the  latter.  The 
latter's  fruit  is  ripe  in  October.  You  will  find  hand- 
some specimens  of  the  umbellata  indicated  and  de- 
scribed in  chapter  number  five  of  this  book. 

Opposite  the  Elceagnus  multiflora,  on  the  left  of  the 
Walk,  is  hop- tree,  and  beyond  the  hop  tree,  with  leop- 
ard spots,  a  good  Oriental  plane  tree.  The  Oriental 
plane  tree  differs  from  our  native  buttonwood  in  two 
easily  recognizable  features — in  leaf  and  in  bark.  The 
bark  of  the  American  is  of  finer  scale-like  texture, 
that  of  the  Oriental  peels  much  more  cleanly  and  in 
larger  shreddings,  leaving  the  bare  wood  exposed  for 
considerable  distances.  The  color,  too,  of  this  bare 
wood  is  of  a  peculiar  pale  greenish  yellow  like  a 
washed-out  olive  tint,  very  different  from  the  whiter 
wood  of  the  American  species.  The  other  difference 
is  in  the  leaf.  The  Oriental  is  deeply  in-cut  on  either 
side  of  the  end  lobe.  The  American  is  not  in-cut 
about  the  upper  lobe  at  all.  The  Oriental  generally 
flowers  and  fruits  with  a  chain  of  balls,  the  Amer- 
ican's fruit  swings  solitarily  on  a  single  stem. 

On  your  left  still,  just  beyond  the  plane  tree,  is  a 
stocky  Norway  maple,  and  further  on,  about  midway 
between  the  fork  of  the  Walk  just  passed  and  the 
one  below  us,  stands  a  European  linden.  Diagonally 
across  the  Walk  from  it  is  Ailanthus,  and  diagonally 


88 

across  from  the  Ailanthus,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk 
again,  is  American  basswood.  Compare  its  hard,  rug- 
ged distinctive  bark  with  that  of  its  European  brother. 
You  can  get  to  know  the  American  basswood  by  its 
bark  alone,  it  is  so  distinctive.  Beyond  the  basswood 
you  meet  two  catalpas,  and  across  the  Walk  from 
the  first  of  them  is  a  lusty  young  cockspur  thorn, 
splendidly  armed  with  a  whole  arsenal  of  thorns,  and 
glossy  with  the  sheen  of  healthy  lifeful  leaves. 

Continuing  along  the  Walk,  on  your  left,  beyond 
the  second  catalpa,  a  fine  old  Norway  maple  spreads 
out  the  magnificent  breadths  of  its  wide-reaching 
boughs.  It  is  a  superb  tree,  impressive  in  every  way, 
and  one  which  you  cannot  help  but  admire.  Just 
beyond  it  the  Walk  forks,  the  left  branch  running 
east  under  an  Arch  to  the  Ball  Ground;  the  right, 
continuing  on  south  to  the  Eighth  Avenue  Gate.  Let 
us  follow  the  left  branch  for  a  few  moments,  and  then 
come  back  to  this  fork  of  the  Walk,  and  proceed  south 
to  Eighth  Avenue  Gate. 

Just  as  you  go  through  the  Arch,  on  your  right  is 
hop  tree,  easily  known  by  its  compound  leaves  of 
three  leaflets.  This  is  sometimes  called  wafer  ash, 
from  its  wafer-like  fruit.  Beside  the  hop  tree,  west 
of  it,  is  Siberian  pea  tree  again.  On  the  other  side 
of  the  Arch,  as  you  come  out,  on  your  right  is  silver 
maple,  and  just  beyond,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Walk,  a  handsome  Paulownia  rises  on  graceful  bole. 
The  Walk  ascends  a  little  here,  then  bends  around  in 
an  easy  curve  to  cross  a  bridge  over  the  Bridle  Path 
beyond,  and  comes  out  upon  the  Ball  Ground.  As 


«9 

you  bend  with  it  you  pass  a  goodly  cluster  of  tulip 
trees,  tall  and  fair  and  straight,  with  leaves  cut  rather 
squarely  at  the  tops,  and  beautiful  tulip-like  flowers 
in  late  May  or  early  June.  These  flowers  are  very 
handsome,  large  and  challice-shaped,  greenish  yellow, 
strongly  marked  about  the  base  with  yellow.  The 
cup-shaped  corolla  is  of  six  petals.  These  handsome 
flowers  are  succeeded  by  light  brown  "cones,"  which 
remain  on  the  tree  late  in  winter,  showing  conspicu- 
ously white  against  the  clear  blue  of  a  winter's  sky. 
They  are  sure  signs  of  the  tree's  identity.  In  the 
autumn  the  tulip  tree  is  a  glory.  Its  leaves  turn  a 
rich  brilliant  chrome  yellow. 

The  Walk  carries  us  over  the  Bridge  and,  just  be- 
yond, it  forks  right  and  left.  Directly  in  the  branch 
of  the  fork  is  Austrian  pine.  Taking  the  left  branch, 
we  go  westward  a  little  and  step  out  on  the  large  rock 
which  fronts  the  Ball  Ground  like  a  buttress.  As  we 
stand  overlooking  the  Ball  Ground,  almost  within  reach 
of  our  hand,  a  few  feet  to  the  right  of  the  rock  on 
which  we  stand,  is  a  lusty  young  shagbark  hickory 
with  five  leaflets  and  a  bark  mostly  smooth,  but  be- 
ginning to  shag  in  places.  Note  the  buds  with  their 
distinctively  strong  outer  scales,  the  sure  mark  of  the 
shagbark  in  winter.  Following  the  path  along,  it 
bends  to  the  northward,  tumbles  down  between  rock 
masses,  and  swings  out  upon  the  Ball  Ground  itself. 
Just  as  it  opens  out  upon  the  main  Walk  here,  it 
leads  us  by  a  tall  old  scarlet  oak  almost  in  the  corner 
of  the  junction  of  the  two  paths.  Here  we  take  the 
Walk  which  runs  about  the  Ball  Ground  like  a  girdle, 


90 

and  follow  its  southern  trend  along  the  lower  end  of 
the  Ball  Ground.  Not  far  from  the  scarlet  oak,  as 
we  go  eastward,  we  find  a  fair  specimen  of  the  sour 
gum  tree,  or  tupelo,  or  pepperidge,  as  it  is  often 
called.  If  its  leaves  are  off,  you  can  pick  it  out  by  its 
tangles  of  branches.  It  seems  to  branch  every  way 
and  anyway.  Its  glory  is  in  autumn.  Then  its  glossy 
leaves  kindle  with  brilliant  hues  of  scarlet  and  richest 
maroon.  The  leaves,  oblong  or  oval,  have  a  peculiar 
way  of  crowding  about  the  ends  of  the  side  branches, 
which  is  so  characteristic  of  the  tree,  that  this  feature 
will  quite  easily  identify  it  for  you.  The  leaves  are 
thickish,  with  margin  entire,  and  often  strongly  angu- 
lated  beyond  the  middle.  They  are  of  a  rich  shining 
polished  green ;  either  wedge-shaped  or  rounded  at  the 
base,  and  are  usually  from  two  to  five  inches  long. 
The  tree  blooms  in  April  or  May,  in  dense  clusters  of 
yellowish-green  flowers,  and  these  are  succeeded  by 
egg-shaped  bluish-black  berries,  clustered  two  or  three 
together  on  long  slender  stems,  from  the  axils  of  the 
leaves.  The  bark  of  the  tree  is  of  a  light  reddish- 
brown,  and  is  heavily  furrowed  and  decidedly  scaly. 
The  sour  gum  is  a  tree  of  the  swamps  and  moist  places. 
As  you  go  eastward,  the  Walk  eddies  gently  in  by 
a  large  mass  of  rock.  As  you  face  it,  on  your  right, 
is  red  maple,  and,  on  your  left,  close  by  the  rock,  is 
a  splendid  specimen  of  the  pignut  hickory.  In  the 
left-hand  corner  of  this  little  bay  of  the  Walk  is 
English  hawthorn.  Following  on  eastward  again,  an 
Oriental  plane  tree  stands  in  the  point  of  the  next 
fork  of  the  Walk,  and  out  upon  the  sward  of  the 


Ball  Ground,  quite  a  cluster  of  Turkey  oaks,  almost 
in  line  with  each  other.  These  can  be  picked  out  easily 
by  their  thick  dark,  almost  black,  bark,  heavily  ridged, 
and  by  their  rich,  glossy  green  oblong  leaves,  very 
deeply  and  unequally  notched  into  pinnate  sinuses. 
They  are  set  to  the  branch  on  very  short  stalks,  and 
you  may  know  them  from  the  English  oak's  leaves, 
which  they  sometimes  slightly  resemble,  by  their  bases, 
which  are  wedge-shaped  and  not  eared — a  feature 
which  is  characteristic  of  the  leaf  of  the  English  oak. 
The  leaf  lobe  of  the  Turkey  oak  is  rather  angularly 
cut,  whereas  that  of  the  English  is  round  cut.  The 
acorn  of  the  Turkey  oak  is  a  wild-looking  thing,  in- 
deed, covered  as  it  is  with  frouzled  ends  of  fringe 
which  puts  to  shame  the  tangled  cups  of  even  the 
bur  oak's  acorn.  You  can  compare  the  Turkey  and 
English  oak  here  easily.  The  cluster  standing  almost 
east  of  the  Oriental  plane  tree  are  Turkey  oaks,  and 
the  single  tree  south  of  these  is  English  oak.  You 
will  note  that  these  are  almost  in  line,  due  north,  of 
the  lamp-post  by  the  Bridle  Path  below.  If  you  fol- 
low the  path  from  the  Oriental  plane  tree,  directly 
opposite  its  next  fork  with  the  Walk,  are  two  hand- 
some bushes  of  the  Deutsia  crenata.  One  has  white 
flowers,  and  the  other,  white  flowers  softly  tinged  with 
pink. 

Continuing  eastward,  the  Walk  comes  to  a  fork 
beyond,  its  right  branch  passing  over  the  Bridge  by 
which  we  began  this  ramble  about  the  Ball  Ground. 
Near  the  fork  you  will  find,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk, 
a  handsome  sugar  maple,  and  across  from  it,  a  little 


92 

more  than  midway  between  the  Walk  and  the  Bridle 
Path,  a  good  specimen  of  the  red  mulberry.  Its 
leaves  are  rougher  on  the  upper  sides  than  are  those 
of  the  white  mulberry,  and  they  are  of  a  dark  bluish- 
green,  whereas  those  of  the  white  are  glossy,  shining, 
and  of  a  light  bright  green.  You  will  know  the  tree 
by  its  mitten-shaped  or  ovate  (mitten  without  the 
thumb)  leaves.  Beyond  the  red  mulberry,  close  by 
the  Bridle  Path,  near  the  Bridge,  you  will  find  sweet 
gum,  easily  distinguished  by  its  star-shaped  leaves. 
Up  on  the  Walk  again,  as  you  come  near  the  fork, 
is  European  beech,  with  short  fat  trunk,  horizontal 
boughs,  and  leaves  which  are  hairy-edged  and  not 
toothed.  In  the  right  corner  of  the  fork  is  Scotch 
elm,  easily  known  by  its  large  rough  leaves  which  jut 
out  at  the  ends  in  one  long  point,  with  some  lesser 
points  shooting  out  on  either  side  below  the  end  point, 
just  where  the  leaf  is  broadest. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  where  we  branched  off 
by  the  Arch  that  went  under  the  West  Drive,  and 
follow  the  southerly  trend  of  the  Walk  toward  the 
Eighth  Avenue  Gate.  As  we  proceed,  we  have  on 
our  right,  in  the  point  of  the  fork,  a  lamp-post,  and 
just  west  of  it,  a  fine  mass  of  the  Rhodotypos.  West 
of  it,  you  will  see  several  bushes  of  the  Viburnum 
tomentosum  or  Japonicum,  with  broadly  ovate  leaves, 
noticeably  corrugated,  or  crimped  or  folded,  and  with 
rather  pointed  (acuminate)  ends.  They  are  handsome 
shrubs,  especially  in  late  May  or  early  June,  when 
they  spread  out  their  great  flat  cymes  of  pure  white 
flowers.  Of  these  cymes  the  outer  ring  is  made  up 


93 

of  sterile  flowers.  The  fruit  of  this  shrub  is  a  red 
egg-shaped  berry,  which  later  changes  color  from  red 
to  bluish-black. 

As  you  go  on,  a  Norway  maple  meets  you  on  your 
left,  then  black  haw,  with  its  roundish  leaves  lightly 
winged  on  the  stems,  and  then,  on  the  right  of  the 
Walk,  cockspur  thorn  again.  Very  near  the  next 
fork  of  the  Walk  you  meet  Austrian  pine,  cockspur 
thorn  again,  and  two  more  Austrian  pines,  one  just 
beyond  the  other.  Almost  opposite  the  first  of  these, 
on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  is  American  basswood.  To 
the  west  of  the  second  Austrian  pine  are  two  well- 
grown  white  pines.  The  white  pine's  leaves  are  slen- 
der, about  five  inches  long,  and  are  gathered  together 
in  bundles  (fascicles)  of  five;  the  Austrian's  leaves 
are  long,  wire-like,  stifrish  and  thickish,  sharp  pointed, 
and  are  gathered  together  in  bundles  of  two  each. 
The  Austrian's  leaves  are  rounded  on  the  outside,  but 
are  flat  on  the  inside,  so  that,  when  you  press  together 
the  two  leaves  of  a  single  fascicle,  the  leaves  seem 
like  one  round  leaf,  so  squarely  do  the  two  flat  inner 
sides  fit  together.  The  way,  or  rather  one  way,  to 
tell  to  what  species  a  pine  belongs,  is  to  count  the 
leaves  in  a  bundle  or  fascicle,  measure  them,  and 
examine  their  surfaces.  Usually  the  number  of  leaves 
in  a  fascicle,  and  the  length  of  the  leaf  will  be  enough 
to  identify.  In  the  Park  the  pines  most  frequently 
met  with  are  the  white,  leaves  in  fives  and  about  five 
inches  long;  Swiss  stone,  leaves  in  fives,  about  the 
same  length,  but  triangular  and  glaucous;  Bhotan, 
leaves  in  fives,  but  about  ten  inches  long,  and  very 


94 

slender;  Austrian,  leaves  in  twos,  three  to  five  inches 
long;  Scotch,  leaves  in  twos,  short,  from  an  inch  to 
two  inches  long,  partly  twisted,  and  of  a  beautiful 
bluish  green  color.  If  you  will  bear  in  mind  these 
few  salient  features  you  can  easily  identify  the  pines 
in  the  Park. 

But  to  come  back  to  our  Walk,  directly  west  of 
the  second  Austrian  pine  are  two  good  specimens  of 
our  native  white  pine.  Note  the  soft,  fine  quality  of 
their  leaf  masses.  They  look  almost  downy.  A  little 
further  along  we  come  to  another  cockspur  thorn  with 
a  copper  beech  west  of  it.  Diagonally  across  the  Walk 
from  the  cockspur  thorn  is  English  elm,  then,  just 
beyond,  on  your  left,  are  two  Scotch  elms,  with  a 
sycamore  maple  at  the  extreme  left  hand  point  of  the 
greensward  as  you  come  out  at  the  Eighth  Avenue 
Gate.  About  opposite  the  English  elm  on  the  right 
of  the  Walk,  is  another  Austrian  pine.  See  how  bunchy 
its  leaf  masses  are.  No  other  pine  in  the  Park  has  this 
prominent  bunching  of  its  leaves,  which  strikes  the 
eye  so  noticeably  as  to  be  at  once  an  easily  recognizable 
feature  of  the  tree.  At  the  extreme  right  hand  corner 
of  the  Eighth  Avenue  Gate  you  find  a  fine  young 
specimen  of  the  common  horsechestnut,  with  large, 
gummy,  knob-like  buds  in  winter.  If  you  want  win- 
ter amusement  well  worth  your  while,  study  the  winter 
buds.  Get  to  know  the  trees  in  winter,  by  bark, 
branch  and  bud.  Each  has  its  peculiar  bark.  Endless 
joy  and  amusement  await  you  in  the  study  of  these 
details,  and  you  will  grow  to  know  the  shrubs  and  trees 
as  well  in  winter  as  in  summer. 


r< 


1HU3A  V  HJ.J/J 


Explanations,  Map  No.  3 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  Japan  Quince  (Pale  pink 

flowers. 

2.  Hackberry,     Sugarberry, 

or  Nettle  Tree. 

3.  English  Elm. 

4.  Spicebush. 

5.  Osage  Orange. 

6.  Fringe  Tree. 

7.  Judas  Tree  or  Redbud. 

8.  Chinese  Wistaria. 

9.  Mock  Orange. 

10.  English  Hawthorn, 
n.  Sycamore  Maple. 

12.  Common  Locust. 

13.  Hemlock. 

14.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

15.  Shadbush,  June  Berry,  or 

Service  Berry. 

1 6.  Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted. 

17.  Shellback    or    Shagbark 

Hickory. 

18.  American  Hornbeam. 

19.  Small-fruited  Pignut  Hick- 

ory. 

20.  Abrupt-leaved  Japan  Yew. 

2 1 .  European  or  English  Yew. 

22.  Nordmann's  Silver  Fir. 

23.  Corsican  Pine. 

24.  Pyramid  Oak. 

25.  English  Oak. 

26.  Weeping  English  Oak. 

27.  French  Tamarisk. 

28.  Umbrella  Tree. 

29.  Red  Oak. 

30.  Common  Pear. 

31.  English  Elm. 

32.  Silverbell  Tree. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Cydonia  Japonica. 
Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Ulmus  campestris. 
Benzoin  benzoin. 
Maclura  aurantiaca. 
Chionanthus  Virginica. 
Cercis  Canadensis. 
Wistaria  Chinensis. 
Philadelphus  coronarius. 
Crates gus  oxyacantha. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Tsuga  Canadensis. 
Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua. 
Carya  alba. 

Carpinus  Caroliniana. 
Carya    porcina,    var.    micro- 

carpa. 

Taxus  cuspidata. 
Taxus  baccata. 
Abies  Nordmanniana. 
Pinus  Austriaca,  var.  laricio. 
Quercus  robur,  var.  fastigiata. 
Quercus  robur. 
Quercus  robur,  var.  pendula. 
Tamarix  Gallica. 
Magnolia  umbrella. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Pyrus  communis. 
Ulmus  campestris. 
Halesia  tetraptera. 


100 


COMMON  NAME 

33.  Turkey  Oak. 

34.  Black  Walnut. 

35.  American  Chestnut. 

36.  European  Beech. 

37.  Bald  Cypress. 

38.  Bur  Oak  or  Mossy  Cup 

Oak. 

39.  American  Beech. 

40.  Oriental  Plane  Tree. 

41.  Pin    or    Swamp    Spanish 

Oak. 

42.  Weeping  European  Beech. 

43.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

44.  Shagbark  Hickory. 

45.  Common  Horsechestnut. 

46.  Scotch  or  Wych  Elm. 

47.  Red  Maple. 

48.  Flowering  Dogwood. 

49.  White  Pine. 

50.  European  Linden. 

51.  Sour    Gum,    Tupelo,    or 

Pepperidge. 
5  2 .  Silver  or  White  Maple. 

53.  Scarlet  Oak. 

54.  Small-leaved  Elm,    Sibe- 

rian Elm. 

55.  American     Linden,     Bee 

or  Bass  wood. 

56.  European  Purple  Beech. 

57.  Weeping  European  Silver 

Linden. 

58.  Tulip  Tree. 

59.  Japonicum  or  Japan  Vi- 

burnum. 

60.  Honey  Locust. 

6 1.  Camperdown  Elm. 

62.  American  White  Ash. 

63.  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Quercus  cerris. 
Juglans  nigra. 

Catanea    saliva,   var.   Ameri- 
cana. 

Fagus  sylvatica. 
Taxodium  distichum. 
Quercus  macrocarpa. 

Fagus  ferruginea. 
Platanus  Orientalis. 
Quercus  palustris. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  pendula. 

Quercus  bicolor. 

Carya  alba. 

&sculus  hippocastanum. 

Ulmus  Montana. 

Acer  rubrum. 

Cornus  florida. 

Pinus  strobus. 

Tilia  Europaa. 

Nyssa  sylvatica. 

Acer  dasycarpum. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Ulmus parvifolia  (or  Siberica.) 

Tilia  Americana. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  atropur- 

purea. 
Tilia  Europcsa,  var.  argentea 

pendula. 

Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Viburnum  tomentosum. 

Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
Ulmus  Montana,  var.  Camper- 

downii  pendula. 
Fraxinus  Americana. 
Caragana  arborescens. 


101 


COMMON  NAME 

64.  European  Ash. 

65.  Althaea  or  Rose  of  Sharon. 

66.  Cherry  Birch,  Sweet  Birch 

or  Black  Birch. 

67.  Black  Alder  or  Common 

Winterberry. 

68.  American  or  White  Elm. 

69.  Weeping  European  Ash. 

70.  White  Mulberry. 

71.  Hardy  or  Panicled   Hy- 

drangea. 

72.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

73.  Cut-leaved  Weeping  Eu- 

ropean White  Birch. 

74.  Japan  Pagoda  Tree. 

75.  Ginkgo  Tree  or  Maiden- 

hair Tree. 

76.  Hop    Tree    or    Shrubby 

Trefoil. 

77.  Gordon's  Mock  Orange  or 

Syringa. 

78.  Witch  Hazel. 

79.  Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 

80.  Sassafras. 

8 1.  White  Oak. 

82.  English  Oak.     (This  oak 

was  planted,  1861,  by 
the  present  King  of 
England.) 

83.  Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 

84.  Yellow  Birch. 

85.  Reeve's  or  Lance-leaved 

Spiraea. 

86.  Bridal  Wreath  Spiraea. 

87.  Morrow's  Honeysuckle. 

88.  European  Red  Osier. 

89.  Weigela. 

90.  European  Hazel. 

91.  Alternate-leaved     Dog- 

wood. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Fraxinus  excelsior. 
Hibiscus  Syriacus. 
Betula  lenta. 

Ilex  verticillata. 

Ulntus  Americana. 
Fraxinus  excelsior,  var.  pen- 

dula. 

Morus  alba. 
Hydrangea    paniculata,     var. 

grandiflora. 
Cornus  stolonifera. 
Betula    alba,    var.    pendula 

laciniata. 

Sophora  Japonica. 
Salisburia  adiantifolia. 

Ptelea  trifoliata. 
Philadephus  Gordonianus. 

Hamamelis  Virginiana. 
Catalpa  bignonioides. 

Sassafras  officinale. 
Quercus  alba. 
Quercus  robur. 


Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
Betula  lutea. 
Spir&a  Reevesiana. 

Spir&a  prunifolia. 
Lonicera  Morrowi. 
Cornus  sanguinea. 
Diervilla  rosea. 
Corylus  Ave liana. 
Cornus  alternifolia. 


102 

COMMON  NAME  BOTANICAL  NAME 

92.  Shrub  Yellowroot.  X anthorrhiza  apiifolia. 

93.  Hundred  -  leaved,     Pro-  Rosa  centifolia. 

vence,  or  Cabbage  Rose. 

94.  Fringe  Tree.  Chionanthus. 

95.  Sweetbrier.  Rosa  rubignosa. 

96.  Fortune's  White  Spiraea.  Spircea  callosa,  var.  alba. 

97.  Many- flowered  Rose.  Rosa  multiflora. 

98.  Clump   of  roses;   mostly  Rosa  setigera  and  Rosa  rubig- 

Prairie  Rose  and  Sweet-       nosa. 
brier. 

99.  Withe  Rod.  Viburnum  cassinoides. 

100.  American    Strawberry        Euonymus  Americanus. 

Bush. 

10 1.  Cotoneaster,  Cotoneaster  frigida. 


III. 

THE  MALL  AND  VICINITY. 

In  all  the  Park  the  noblest  conception  of  the  land- 
scape architect  has  been  achieved  in  the  Mall.  It  is 
superb.  The  magnificent  stretch  of  arched  vistas  made 
by  the  four  rows  of  grand  old  elms  (mostly  American) 
gives  the  impression  of  some  vast  open-air  cathedral. 
As  you  stand  at  the  extreme  south  end  this  feeling  is 
aroused  with  impressive  effect.  From  this  point  you 
get  the  full  sweep  of  the  majestic  lines  of  trees,  and  it 
is  impossible  not  to  feel  their  dignity  and  grandeur. 
The  broad,  open  space  fills  you  with  its  stateliness,  and 
the  splendid  trees  lift  their  Gothic  arches  with  a  serene 
nobility  which  both  hushes  and  exalts  the  soul.  If 
anyone  can  walk  down  this  majestic  arcade  without  a 
feeling  of  reverence,  that  person  is  wanting  in  any 
appreciation  of  the  message  which  trees  silently  ex- 
press to  man.  I  know  not  when  I  like  this  temple 
best.  It  is  noble  and  majestic  at  all  times,  be  it  in 
those  lovely  June  days,  when  the  leaves  move  as  with 
the  sounds  of  a  thousand  hushed  organs  whose  echoes 
whisper  and  whisper  and  whisper  with  that  indescrib- 
ably cool  refreshment  which  the  ear  loves  to  hold  and 
dwell  upon ;  or  be  it  in  autumn,  when  the  loosed  winds 
descend  upon  the  broad  boughs  and  drive  the  flying 
gold  from  their  branches,  sounding  the  while  the  mighty 


IO4 

thunder  of  its  diapason  through  the  noble  aisles,  or  in 
winter,  when  the  rugged  masonry  of  its  architecture  is 
at  its  best,  column  and  arch  in  all  the  glory  of  their 
naked  strength  and  symmetry.  Come  here  after  the 
snowstorm  has  wrought  its  wonderwork  of  white  along 
the  silent  aisles  and  behold  in  equal  silence  the  en- 
chantment that  is  everywhere.  The  vast  vault  is 
groined  with  a  lacework  of  tracery  and  the  col- 
umned trees  hold  aloft  this  fairy  roof  on  arches  of 
purest  marble.  No  other  trees  than  these  elms  could 
have  given  the  marvelous  effect  of  aisle  and  arch 
which  is  so  magnificent  in  lift  and  in  perspective,  in 
aspiration  and  in  suggestion.  The  cosy  nooks  of  the 
Park  appeal  to  you  in  their  ways  and  draw  you  lov- 
ingly to  their  confines,  but  this  open  spot  uplifts  you 
as  the  music  of  the  organ,  as  the  sound  of  the  sea. 
Even  in  its  silence  there  is  a  majesty  of  repose.  Come 
here  after  the  driving  sleet  of  the  midwinter  ice  storm 
has  hammered  its  flashing  mail  over  these  staunch 
old  trees;  when  the  sun  sends  a  glory  over  their 
crystal  arches  and  fills  the  flashing  vaults  with  flames 
of  the  ruby,  the  topaz,  the  amethyst  and  the  diamond, 
while  the  keen  air  crackles  and  snaps  with  the  yearn- 
ing of  the  great  boughs  as  they  rock  and  sway  with 
the  wind.  Come  here  then  and  walk  adown  this  sylvan 
abbey  with  the  wonder  of  enchantment  in  thy  heart. 
Surely  this  place  should  be  the  sanctuary  of  high  aspira- 
tions and  noble  communings.  No  mean  nor  petty 
thoughts  should  here  walk  with  the  soul.  The  grand 
old  trees  at  every  step  say,  "The  groves  were  God's 
first  temples,"  and  from  their  silent  eloquence  comes 


an  ennobling  and  uplifting  of  the  spirit.  Let  those  who 
walk  here  forget  the  pomp  and  splendor  of  fashion 
and  display  and  in  humility  lose  themselves  in  the 
contemplation  of  the  enduring  beauty  of  the  Creator's 
handiwork  in  noble  and  stately  trees. 

But  let  us  begin  our  ramble.  We  will  start  with 
the  Walk  at  the  right  of  the  Mall  itself,  leading  off 
from  Shakespeare's  Statue.  Near  its  first  fork,  on 
your  left,  you  will  find  several  well  grown  hackberries, 
called  also  sugarberry  trees  or  nettle  trees.  You  can 
identify  them  by  the  warty  ridges  and  rough,  knotty- 
looking  excrescences  on  their  trunks,  especially  marked 
about  the  part  nearest  the  ground.  The  hackberry 
has  also  a  peculiar  habit  of  bunching  its  smaller  branch- 
lets  in  very  conspicuous  and  odd-looking  masses  which 
at  once  suggest  the  presence  of  a  bird's  nest  in  the 
tree.  This  is  very  noticeable  in  autumn  and  winter. 
But  if  these  are  not  enough  to  identify  it,  its  long, 
pointed,  egg-shaped,  rather  lop-sided  leaves  set  alter- 
nately on  the  branch  will  no  doubt  fix  it  for  you,  or 
perhaps  you  may  see  the  small,  roundish  berries  swing- 
ing singly  on  stems  about  an  inch  long,  from  the  axils 
of  the  leaves.  These  berries,  through  the  summer,  are 
of  a  greenish-brown,  but  turn  to  purple  in  September, 
when  they  are  ripe.  They  are  about  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  in  diameter.  The  hackberry  blooms  early  in  May, 
very  inconspicuously,  in  small,  yellowish-green  flowers 
which  you  scarcely  notice,  unless  looking  for  them. 
The  tree  belongs  to  the  nettle  family. 

Just  east  of  the  hackberries,  in  the  bend  of  the  left 
fork  here,  is  spicebush,  and  a  little  beyond  it  Judas 


io6 

tree,  with  heart-shaped  leaves.  At  this  point  we  will 
now  take  the  right  fork  of  the  Walk  and  follow  it  east- 
ward. As  we  turn  to  do  so,  on  our  left  is  a  fringe 
tree,  with  an  osage  orange  near  the  Arch,  and  back 
of  both  another  hackberry.  The  fringe  tree  you  can 
know  by  its  oval,  entire  leaves,  which  somewhat  re- 
semble the  leaves  of  the  magnolia.  If  it  is  in  bloom, 
you  will  know  it  at  once  by  its  fringe-like  flowers. 
These  are  four-parted,  white,  and,  in  June,  cover  the 
shrub  with  snow-white  masses  of  bloom.  These  flow- 
ers are  succeeded  by  purple  berries.  The  osage  orange 
is  easily  known  by  the  spines  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 
Back  of  the  fringe  tree,  north  of  it,  is  English  haw- 
thorn, identified  by  its  thorns  and  cut-lobed  leaves, 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base.  On  the  right  of  the  Walk 
are  Chinese  wistaria  and  mock  orange  or  sweet  syringa. 
Passing  through  the  Arch  here,  you  meet,  on  the 
left,  flowering  dogwood,  with  a  cluster  of  young  com- 
mon locusts  just  beyond.  On  your  right,  near  the 
Arch,  just  as  you  come  out  from  its  shadow,  is  a  fine 
old  sycamore  maple.  A  little  beyond,  the  path  forks 
again.  We  take  the  right  branch,  passing,  on  our  left, 
a  hemlock,  then  a  shadbush,  the  latter  about  in  the  bend 
of  the  Walk.  The  shadbush  is  easily  known  by  its 
peculiarly-veined  bark,  steel-gray  shot  over  with 
darker,  vein-like  lines.  Diagonally  across  from  the 
shadbush,  in  the  right  of  the  Walk,  one  above  and  the 
other  below,  are  Lonicera  fragrantissima  and  sweet 
gum.  The  honeysuckle  is  a  bush  and  has  cusp-tipped 
leaves;  the  sweet  gum  is  a  tall  tree  with  star-shaped 
leaves.  A  little  further  on  you  come  to  an  Arbor. 


Directly  back  of  it  is  a  shagbark  hickory  with  com- 
pound leaves  of  five  leaflets  and  a  noticeably  shaggy 
bark.  Opposite  the  westerly  end  of  the  Arbor,  across 
the  Walk,  is  American  hornbeam,  and  a  little  southeast 
of  the  hornbeam,  up  the  slope  of  the  hillside,  is  the 
small-fruited  hickory,  a  variety  of  pignut  hickory. 

Continuing  along  the  Walk  from  the  Arbor,  you 
pass,  on  your  left,  black  cherry,  with  rough,  scaly 
bark,  and,  very  near  the  next  fork  of  the  path,  Taxus 
cuspidata,  English  yew,  Taxus  cuspidata  and  Nord- 
mann's  silver  fir.  The  fir  stands  nearly  in  the  point  of 
the  fork,  and  has  light  silver-gray  bark  and  linear 
leaves,  dark  glossy-green  on  the  upper  sides,  but 
marked  on  the  lower  by  silvery  lines.  The  leaves  are 
about  an  inch  long  and  are  distinctly  dentate  (toothed) 
at  the  tip.  The  boughs  have  a  flattish  look,  due  to  the 
horizontal  growth  of  the  branches  and  also  to  incurv- 
ing of  the  leaves. 

As  you  continue,  southerly  now,  about  opposite  the 
donkey  tent,  you  will  see,  on  your  right,  three  trees 
which  look,  at  first  glance,  very  much  like  Austrian 
pines.  They  are  not  Austrian,  but  Corsican  pines, 
slender-leaved  varieties  of  the  Austriaca.  Up  the  hill, 
back  of  these,  is  a  cluster  of  English  oaks,  among  them 
a  fastigate  form,  known  as  pyramid  oak,  with  branches 
which  grow  up  close  beside  the  main  trunk  of  the  tree 
like  a  Lombardy  poplar.  The  English  oaks  you  can 
know  by  their  round-lobed  leaves  distinctly  eared  at 
the  base.  In  between  the  group  of  English  oaks  and 
the  most  southerly  of  the  Corsican  pines,  fine  and 
feathery,  with  soft,  waving,  plume-like  sprays  of  foli- 


io8 

age,  a  veritable  green  mist,  stands  a  good  specimen  of 
the  Tamarix  Gallica,  or  French  tamarisk,  which  blooms 
from  May  to  October  in  spike-like  panicles  or  small 
pinkish  or  reddish  flowers.  The  leaves  of  the  shrub 
are  very  small,  set  alternately  on  the  branch  in  a  man- 
ner which  botanists  term  "clasping."  Further  along 
the  Walk,  not  far  from  the  Arch  which  leads  out  upon 
the  vicinity  of  the  Arsenal,  you  will  see,  on  your  right, 
a  lumpy-barked  tree  with  markings  which  make  you 
think  of  "eyebrows."  If  you  come  upon  this  tree  in 
winter  its  long-pointed,  furry  buds  will  tell  you  it  is 
of  the  Magnolia  family,  and  when  its  leaves  are  out, 
their  umbrella-like  way  of  hanging  about  the  ends  of 
the  branches  will  give  you  the  cue  to  the  tree's  exact 
identity — Magnolia  umbrella.  Its  leaves  are  very  large, 
often  nearly  two  feet  long  and  from  four  to  eight  inches 
wide.  They  are  entire  and  pointed  at  either  end.  The 
flowers  of  the  tree  appear  late  in  May,  in  large  creamy- 
white  blossoms  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  The  tree 
has  a  somewhat  catalpa-like  sprawl  of  branching  which 
is  quite  distinctive.  Its  bark 'is  of  a  dull  gray  and  re- 
minds you,  in  a  way,  of  the  beech  tree's  color,  but  of 
course  is  far  more  humpy  and  uneven.  In  September 
the  umbrella  tree  begins  to  show  its  fruit  clusters  very 
conspicuously  through  its  leaves,  magenta-hued  husks 
which  break  open  and  let  fall,  from  each  little  hole, 
seeds  of  the  richest  coral,  on  fairy  threads  of  silk.  As 
you  came  along  this  way  you  passed,  on  your  left, 
about  opposite  the  most  southerly  of  the  Corsican  pines, 
sycamore  maple,  and  back  of  the  donkey  tent,  well  up 
the  slope,  to  the  east,  two  very  handsome  red  oaks 


log 

standing  close  together.  If  you  love  the  oaks,  study 
their  winter  buds.  Their  story  is  marvelously  enter- 
taining. The  buds  of  the  red  oak  are  of  a  smooth,  clean 
crimson,  far  different  from  the  dirty-looking,  hairy 
buds  of  the  scarlet  oak. 

Let  us  now  come  back  and  take  the  fork  of  the  Walk 
which  runs  northerly  from  the  donkey  tent.  In  the 
point  of  the  fork,  on  your  left,  is  the  Nordmann's  fir 
and  several  English  yews  clustered  about  it.  As  you 
come  near  the  next  branching  of  the  Walk,  there  is  a 
fine  cluster  of  Turkey  oaks  out  on  your  left.  Note  the 
thick,  heavy  ridges  of  their  blackish  bark.  About  op- 
posite these,  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  is  a  pear  tree, 
and,  just  back  of  it,  some  sassafrass.  At  the  next  fork, 
which  has  three  tines,  on  your  left,  is  a  stately  cluster 
of  black  walnuts.  In  between  the  third  and  middle 
branches  of  the  Walk's  fork  are  two  well-grown  Hale- 
sias  or  silver  bell  trees.  If  you  wonder  where  they 
got  that  name,  come  and  gaze  upon  them  in  the  spring 
(May).  Then  they  cover  their  branches  with  the 
loveliest  of  fairy- white  bells.  Their  purity  fills  you  with 
a  silent  joy.  The  long  styles  of  the  pistils  hang  down 
below  the  corollas  like  tiny  little  clappers  and  give 
the  flowers  a  veritable  bell-like  look.  If  you  stand 
still  and  gaze  upon  them  in  sympathetic  love,  you  can 
hear  their  music — a  music  which  no  instrument  ever 
made  by  man  can  even  faintly  echo.  Such  is  the  silver 
bell  in  May !  Its  branches  ring  with  the  silent  chimes 
of  the  eternal  beauty  of  purity  and  perfection  fresh  from 
the  hand  of  God.  The  halesia's  fruit  is  an  easy  key 
to  its  identification,  a  peculiar-looking,  four-winged 


no 

affair,  which  is  very  conspicuous  on  the  tree  as  autumn 
draws  near.  This  four-winged  nut  has  given  the  tree 
its  botanical  name  tctraptera,  from  two  Greek  words, 
tetra  (four)  and  ptera  (wings).  The  halesia's  bark  is 
also  conspicuously  marked  with  dull,  reddish-yellow 
fissures  or  lines,  which  make  it  easily  recognizable  in 
winter. 

Following  the  westerly  branch  of  the  Walk  north- 
wards, at  the  point  of  the  west  fork,  on  your  left,  is 
osage  orange.  This  is  a  double  fork  with  an  open 
space  between  the  two.  At  the  upper  branching,  one 
shoot  runs  off  to  the  west  to  meet  the  Drive,  the  other 
to  the  east,  to  come  out  by  the  Morse  Statue,  near  the 
Seventy-second  Street  Gate.  Let  us  take  the  easterly. 
As  we  start  off,  we  cannot  pass  without  a  word  of 
comment,  the  fine  gathering  of  stately  bald  cypresses 
which  fill  the  arm  of  the  Walk  on  our  right.  Not  far 
from  the  next  offshoot  of  path  is  shagbark  hickory, 
easily  known  by  its  bark  which  well  bears  out  its  name. 
Following  along,  on  your  left,  are  swamp  white  oak 
and  halesia.  Directly  west  of  the  halesia  is  a  fine  old 
white  mulberry  with  glossy  green  leaves,. and  directly 
west  of  this  mulberry  stands  another  shagbark  hickory. 
The  shagbark's  leaves  are  made  up  of  five  leaflets  with 
the  lower  pair  much  smaller  than  the  upper. 

Continuing  on,  now  northerly,  we  come  to  three 
dogwoods,  almost  in  line  with  each  other,  with  a  fine 
old  white  pine  west  of  the  third  tree.  West  of  this 
white  pine  is  a  fair  specimen  of  the  yellow  birch.  You 
can  know  it  by  its  rough,  shredded  bark,  of  a  peculiar 
sheeny  gray.  In  front  of  the  dogwood,  by  the  Walk, 


Ill 

stands  Scotch  elm.  Here  we  are  opposite  a  little  arm 
of  Walk  which  has  run  in  from  near  Sixty-ninth 
Street.  There  are  several  good  specimens  of  Scotch 
elm  gathered  here,  and  you  can  know  them  by  the  side 
points  near  the  ends  of  their  leaves. 

Continuing,  northwards,  near  the  place  where  the 
Walk  widens  out  around  a  wooden  platform  through 
the  centre  of  which  an  aged  pin  oak  still  lives  on,  flut- 
tering a  few  leaves  from  its  lopped  branches,  you  will 
find,  on  your  right,  Turkey  oak,  and  then  two  horse- 
chestnuts  on  your  left.  About  opposite  the  Turkey 
oak  is  European  linden,  and  diagonally  northwest  of  it 
is  sour  gum  or  tupelo. 

The  Walk  narrows  beyond  the  pin  oak  in  the  plat- 
form, and  as  you  follow  it  there  is  a  sturdy  European 
beech  on  the  right,  with  a  couple  of  Scotch  elms  just 
beyond.  Opposite  these,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  are 
two  silver  maples.  Beyond,  standing  in  a  stalwart 
cluster,  are  two  stately  scarlet  oaks.  These  are  fine 
types,  healthy  in  every  way.  As  you  come  out  upon 
the  Drive  Walk,  near  the  Morse  Statue,  two  well  grown 
pin  oaks  fling  their  boughs  over  you.  You  may  some- 
times confuse  a  pin  oak  with  a  scarlet  oak,  but  one 
sure  way  to  distinguish  them  is  by  their  leaf  stems — 
the  pin  oak's  is  always  slender  and  yellowish;  the 
scarlet  is  swollen  at  base,  stout,  and  often  tinged  with 
red. 

We  will  turn  to  the  left  here  and  follow  the  Drive 
Walk  back  to  the  west  and  south.  Just  beyond  the 
pin  oak  is  an  elm  which  will  interest  you.  Look  at  its 
tiny  leaves,  This  is  the  Ulmus  parvifolia,  from  Si- 


112 

beria.  It  has  a  peculiar  trick  of  blooming  in  September 
or  October.  Its  foliage  is  certainly  exquisitely  beauti- 
ful. Near  the  place  where  the  Walk  begins  to  bend 
southerly  is  American  basswood,  with  large,  heart- 
shaped  leaves.  Southeast  of  the  lamp,  just  beyond, 
are  three  handsome  beeches.  The  northerly  one  is 
American,  the  easterly  is  European,  and  the  westerly 
is  a  purple-leaved  European.  This  is  a  good  place  to 
note  the  differences  of  leaf  in  the  European  and  native 
beech — the  tooth  leaves  of  the  latter  and  the  entire, 
hairy-margined  leaves  of  the  former.  Where  the  Walk 
crosses  from  the  Casino  you  will  find  an  old  weep- 
ing European  silver  linden  letting  fall  its  pendulous 
boughs,  making  noble  shade  in  summer.  Following 
the  path  on  southwards,  about  opposite  the  next  lamp, 
east  of  it,  is  swamp  white  oak.  Still  keeping  to  the 
south,  the  path  meets  another  Drive-crossing  and  then 
bends  swiftly  away  from  it  to  the  southeast.  On  your 
left,  close  to  the  Walk,  is  another  pin  oak  with  steel- 
gray  bark  streaked  with  black.  On  your  right,  about 
due  west  of  this  pin  oak,  midway  between  Walk  and 
Drive,  is  a  weeping  European  beech.  You  cannot  mis- 
take its  weeping  form.  It  looks  like  a  fountain  of  fall- 
ing green  in  summer ;  in  winter,  like  some  mighty 
harp  on  which  a  jotun  might  play  the  war  song  of 
the  winds.  A  little  northeast  of  the  pin  oak  is  another 
Turkey  oak,  with  thick,  heavily-ridged,  rough,  black 
bark,  and  south  of  this  a  pin  oak  again,  with  bristle- 
tipped  leaves. 

Continuing  along  the  Walk,  you  pass,  close  by  the 
path,  Oriental  plane  tree  with  its  spotted  bark,  then 


£    c 

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"3 

sycamore  maple  with  its  five-lobed  leaves,  and  then 
osage  orange.  This  osage  orange  is  one  of  the  oldest 
in  the  Park.  Back  of  the  osage  orange  are  several 
beeches  of  the  native  type.  Opposite  the  osage  orange, 
on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  is  American  hornbeam,  and 
out  beyond  it,  almost  in  line  with  the  hornbeam,  is  a 
fine  old  bur  or  mossy-cup  oak.  This  tree  grows  close 
beside  a  good  sized  rock.  The  rock,  by  the  way,  is 
beautifully  covered  with  Chinese  wistaria.  The  bur 
oak  is  a  tall  tree  with  light  gray,  scaly  bark,  so  coarsely 
furrowed  as  often  to  seem  scaly.  You  can  pick  it  out 
easily  by  its  peculiar  leaves,  which  have,  near  the  mid- 
dle, two  sinuses  (the  curve  or  bay  between  the  lobes) 
opposite  each  other,  cut  almost  in  to  the  midrib.  The 
leaves  are  quite  large,  from  six  to  twelve  inches  long, 
and  look  something  like  an  enlarged  edition  of  the 
narrow-form  leaf  of  the  white  oak.  But  if  you  fail 
to  find  the  characteristic  "opposite  sinuses,"  look  for 
the  corky  wings  which  are  almost  sure  to  be  present  on 
the  younger  branches  of  the  tree.  If  by  chance  you 
should  find  an  acorn  of  the  tree,  its  cup,  almost  com- 
pletely grown  over  the  nut  and  nearly  enclosing  it  with 
a  frouzelly  fringe,  will  tell  you  at  once  that  the  tree 
is  the  bur  oak  or  over-cup  oak.  This  name  well  suits 
the  tree,  judging  from  its  acorn. 

A  little  further  on  and  we  have  come  again  to  the 
fork  of  the  Walk  by  whose  easterly  branch  we  pro- 
ceeded northerly  to  the  Drive,  by  the  Morse  Statue. 
Let  us  now  go  back  to  the  first  branching  of  the  Walk 
referred  to  in  this  ramble,  the  first  beyond  the  Shakes- 
peare Statue,  on  the  Mall,  and  follow  its  left  arm  along 


H4 

its  northerly  course,  midway  between  Mall  and  Drive. 
We  pass  many  magnificent  trees,  mostly  elms,  and  the 
majority  of  these  of  the  sweeping  vase-form  which  is 
so  characteristic  of  our  native  species.  Among  them 
you  can  pick  out  the  oak-like  forms  of  the  English 
elms,  heavy  of  base,  thick  set,  rough  of  bark,  and  with 
a  broad,  horizontal  swing  of  bough.  Here,  too,  are 
Scotch  elms  and  smooth-leaved  varieties  of  the  English 
elm.  All  are  beautiful  in  their  own  ways,  and  as  you 
walk  beneath  their  boughs  you  revel  in  the  varied  lines 
of  their  forms,  in  their  hues  of  bark,  in  their  leaves,  and 
branch  sprays. 

At  the  second  fork  of  this  Walk,  the  path  splits 
right  and  left.  Let  us  take  the  right  hand  or  easterly. 
Not  very  far  from  the  point  of  branching,  you  meet, 
on  your  right,  a  small,  umbrella-shaped  tree  with  leaves 
which  reveal  its  kinship  with  the  European  ash.  It  is 
the  weeping  variety  of  Fra.vinus  excelsior.  Compare 
its  leaves  with  the  true  European  ash  which  stands  in 
the  point  of  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk.  The  compound 
leaves  are  made  up  of  from  five  to  six  pairs  of  leaf- 
lets, with  an  odd  one  at  the  end.  These  leaflets  are 
almost  sessile  (that  is,  stemless)  on  the  main  leaf  stalk, 
are  lance-oblong,  serrated  and  pointed.  Where  this 
fine  specimen  of  European  ash  rises  in  the  point  of  the 
Walk,  the  Walk  throws  out  its  left  arm  towards  the 
Casino,  and  if  you  follow  it,  you  will  pass  Rose  of 
Sharon,  and  just  across  from  this  shrub,  on  your 
right,  as  you  go  towards  the  Casino,  another  umbrella- 
shaped  tree.  This  tree  is  an  elm,  and  is  the  weeping 
variety  of  the  Scotch  elm,  or,  commonly,  the  Camper- 


"5 

down  elm.  See  how  closely  its  beautiful  large  leaves, 
with  their  strong  side  points  shooting  out  from  the 
end  of  the  leaf  on  either  side  of  the  terminal  point, 
resemble  the  leaves  of  the  Scotch  elm  proper. 

Following  the  path  again,  you  pass  Reeve's  spiraea, 
with  massy,  hemispherical  heads  of  white  flowers  in 
June  and  the  lovely  bridal-wreath  spiraea  which,  early  in 
April,  stars  its  branches  with  the  little  hanging  umbels 
of  blossoms.  These  are  indeed  lovely,  miniature  com- 
pressed wreaths  of  the  purest  white,  which  hang  four 
or  five  together  in  little  clusters  or  umbels  along  the 
branches  of  this  graceful  bush.  Its  leaf  is  rounded  at 
the  base  but  comes  to  a  point  at  the  tip,  and,  as  its  name 
(prunifolia)  implies,  resembles  that  of  the  plum. 

At  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk,  there  is  honey  locust, 
on  your  right,  and,  if  you  take  the  left  branch  here,  you 
pass,  about  midway  between  the  fork  here  and  the  fork 
beyond,  two  good  specimens  of  Oriental  plane  tree. 
In  the  elbow  of  the  fork  beyond  these  trees,  you  have 
a  well  grown  cluster  of  American  hornbeams,  and 
opposite  these,  on  your  left,  as  you  go  west,  is  a  well 
grown  Japan  pagoda  tree,  Sophora  Japonica,  some  of 
whose  kinsmen  you  met  on  our  first  ramble,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Arsenal.  Why  this  tree  was  named 
pagoda  tree  is  hard  to  see,  but  its  generic  name, 
Sophora,  is  well  applied — derived  from  the  Arabic 
so  far  a,  yellow,  and  probably  refers  to  the  yellow  dye 
made  by  the  Japanese  and  Chinese  from  its  flowers. 
These  blossoms  burst  out  in  August  in  great  clusters 
of  yellowish-white  pea-form  flowers,  and  are  sue- 


n6 

ceeded  later  by  glossy  green  string-like  pods  which 
show  very  conspicuously. 

A  little  further  along,  as  you  pass  westerly  here,  on 
this  short  arm  of  path  to  the  Mall,  about  midway 
between  the  Japan  pagoda  tree  and  the  junction  of 
this  path  with  the  Mall,  close  at  your  left  hand,  is 
withe  rod,  one  of  the  viburnums.  This  viburnum 
has  dull  green,  opposite,  simple  leaves  of  thick  and 
rather  leathery  texture. 

Upon  coming  out  upon  the  Mall,  turn  to  your  left 
and  take  a  short  little  run  back  by  the  arm  of  Walk 
which  bends  around  to  the  southeast  here.  You  will 
see  panicled  hydrangea  (Hydrangea  paniculata,  vcnr. 
grandiflora)  bedded  in  with  a  bank  of  beautiful  things. 
About  midway  between  the  hydrangea  and  the  fork 
of  the  Walk  to  the  southeast,  a  large  birch  tree 
stands  out  quite  conspicuously  near  the  Walk,  on  your 
left.  It  is  a  handsome  tree  and  a  splendid  specimen 
of  the  cut-leaved  variety  of  European  birch.  Note 
the  very  beautiful  cutting  of  its  leaves. 

Turn  back  now  to  the  steps  at  the  south  end  of  the 
Pergola,  and  proceed  through  it,  northwards.  Near 
its  centre,  on  your  left,  you  will  find  American  straw- 
berry bush  (Euonymus  Americanus),  which  you  can 
identify  by  its  four-angled  twigs.  These  four  ridges 
are  quite  noticeable  on  the  dark  green  twigs.  In  the 
autumn,  the  fruit  of  this  bush  is  very  beautiful — three 
to  five-lobed  pods,  which  have  a  peculiar  trick  of 
curling  back,  when  ripe,  and  show,  beneath  their  cool 
crimson,  the  bright  scarlet  seeds  beneath.  At  this 
season  of  the  year  they  are  indeed  beautiful.  A  little 


beyond  this  bush,  you  will  find  Cotoneaster  frigida 
with  oblong  leaves  which  are  smooth  on  the  upper- 
sides,  but  pubescent  beneath.  The  leaves  are  pointed 
at  both  ends.  The  fruit  is  scarlet. 

On  passing  from  the  Pergola,  almost  in  front  of 
you,  is  a  fine  hop  tree  or  shrubby  trefoil,  which  you 
recognize  by  its  compound  leaves  of  three  leaflets. 
Off  to  the  left  of  this  tree  is  rosy  weigela,  and  to  the 
left  of  this  (to  the  west)  are  several  good-sized  hale- 
sias,  with  fine  light  brown  fissures  in  their  darkish 
bark.  These  trees  line  the  northerly  side  of  the  little 
jut  of  Walk  that  springs  off  to  the  left,  down  some 
short  steps  to  the  Mall. 

If,  on  coming  from  the  Pergola,  you  turn  to  the 
right  and  cross  the  Drive  that  leads  in  from  the 
Drive  to  the  Casino,  in  the  corner,  you  will  see  a  good 
locust.  Look  for  its  spines.  Just  north  of  the  first 
steps  here  is  weigela  with  rose-colored  flowers  in 
June,  and  in  the  south-east  corner  of  the  second  steps, 
English  hawthorn.  Near  the  Casino,  at  the  northerly 
turn  of  the  Drive,  are  two  very  good  specimens  of 
the  Lome  era  Morrowii,  which,  in  June,  are  covered 
with  flowers  that  are,  first,  pure  white,  and  then  change 
to  yellow.  These  flowers  have  their  upper  lips  cleft 
almost  to  the  base.  The  blossoms  are  succeeded  by 
bright  crimson  berries.  The  shrub  is  from  Japan. 
East  of  the  Casino,  near  the  Drive,  is  a  large  Euro- 
pean hazel  with  an  alternate-leaved  dogwood  east  of 
it.  Several  fine  specimens  of  the  European  red  osier 
will  be  found  in  the  northerly  corner  of  the  Casino 
Drive  where  it  meets  the  East  Drive.  North  of  these, 


and  east  of  the  Casino,  between  the  Walk  and  the 
East  Drive,  is  a  large  mass  of  roses,  which  is  made 
up,  mostly,  of  the  lovely  prairie  rose  and  the  sweet- 
brier.  The  prairie  rose,  climbing  rose,  or  Michigan 
rose,  can  be  known  by  its  leaves,  which  are  usually 
made  up  of  three  leaflets,  sometimes  five.  Its  climb- 
ing stems  are  not  bristly,  but  are  armed  with  strong 
curved  prickles.  The  leaves  are  oval,  rounded  at  the. 
base,  but  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex.  They  are  also 
thickish,  and  have  the  veins  quite  deeply  depressed. 
The  sweetbrier,  Rosa  rubignosa,  equally  lovely,  has 
its  leaflets  five  to  seven,  usually  five.  They  are  ob- 
tuse at  the  top,  rounded  at  the  base,  and  covered  on 
the  undersides  with  resinous  glands.  From  these  the 
brier  gets  its  sweet  fragrance.  Its  slender  stems  are 
set  with  stout  prickles  which  are  curved  backwards 
(re-curved).  Its  flowers  are  either  solitary  or  in 
twos,  of  a  lovely  pink  to  white,  and  its  hips  (fruits) 
are  scarlet  and  pear-shaped. 

North  of  this  clump  of. roses,  near  the  Drive,  is  a 
pole  that  carries  wires  to  the  Casino.  Near  this  pole 
is  another  handsome  bed  of  roses,  mostly  made  up  of 
the  Rosa  centifolia,  the  cabbage  rose.  This  rose  has 
its  oval  leaflets  five  to  seven  (usually  five),  and  its 
stems  beset  with  straight  (mostly)  prickles.  From 
this  stock  are  derived  the  pompon  rose  and  the  moss 
rose.  Its  flowers,  on  nodding  stems  (pedicels),  are 
very  fragrant,  of  a  rose  purple  hue,  generally. 

Skirting  the  westerly  border  of  the  Drive  here,  con- 
tinuing northward  you  come  to  a  lamp,  just  as  the 
Drive  forks  to  send  a  branch  off  to  the  Terrace.  About 


this  lamp  are  clustered  several  things  of  interest. 
South  of  it  is  cabbage  rose  again,  and  south  of  this, 
sweetbrier.  West  of  the  cabbage  rose  is  fringe  tree, 
lovely  in  June,  with  its  fluffs  of  purest  white;  west 
of  the  fringe  tree,  and  a  little  to  the  north,  is 
shrub-yellowroot,  with  its  pinnately  (sometimes  bi- 
pinnately)  compound  leaves.  These  are  usually  five- 
lobed.  Northeast  of  the  shrub  -  yellowroot  stands 
Fortune's  white  spiraea,  with  small  fine  leaves  and 
tiny  fairy-like  white  flowers  in  early  spring.  If  you 
follow  the  border  of  the  Drive  around  toward  the 
Terrace,  you  will  find,  near  the  second  lamp,  the  hand- 
somest cluster  of  gingko  trees  in  the  Park.  They 
are  superb!  You  can  know  them  at  once  by  their 
fan-shaped  leaves,  or,  better  still,  by  their  maiden- 
hair fern-like  leaves.  How  lovely  they  are,  with  their 
great  long  branches  growing  from  the  main  trunk 
at  angles  of  about  forty-five  degrees.  What  a  glory 
is  their  green!  And  when  autumn  changes  this  to  a 
soft  lemon  yellow,  ask  for  no  richer  sight. 

Directly  north  of  these  fine  gingko  trees,  quite 
near  the  Drive,  is  a  bush  with  its  leaves  in  fives.  It 
is  the  European  bladder  nut,  Staphylea  pinnata,  with 
small,  hanging  clusters  of  flowers,  when  in  bloom,  in 
May  or  June. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  the  southern  end  of  the 
Mall,  and  follow  the  left  branch  of  the  Walk  which 
turns  off  by  the  Statue  of  Columbus.  Its  first  arm 
leads  us  past  a  fine  old  horsechestnut,  a  spreading 
European  beech,  and  a  sturdy  English  elm  at  the  left 
of  the  second  fork.  The  Walk  bends  here  to  the 


120 

west,  and  trends  northward  in  graceful  curves,  be- 
tween the  Mall  and  the  Drive.  A  gnarled  sour  gum 
blazons  its  crimson  banners  to  the  autumn  sun  very 
near  to  where  the  Walk  begins  to  bend  northerly.  It 
is  a  little  to  the  right  of  the  Walk.  You  can  tell  it 
by  the  crowding  of  its  oval,  entire  leaves  at  the  ends 
of  the  side  branches.  Not  far  from  the  sour  gum, 
and  quite  near  the  Walk  is  red  maple.  Some  dis- 
tance beyond,  where  the  Walk  swings  gently  to  the 
west,  after  its  slight  bend  to  the  east,  you  come,  on 
your  left,  upon  several  oaks.  The  first  is  swamp  white 
oak,  the  next  two  are  white  oaks,  and  the  next  be- 
yond, the  last  of  the  four,  is  an  English  oak  which 
was  planted  in  the  year  1861  by  the  present  King  of 
England,  when  he  visited  this  country  as  Prince  of 
Wales.  The  tree  has  since  been  known  as  the  "Prince 
of  Wales  Oak."  It  has  had  every  care,  but  for  some 
reason,  it  does  not  seem  to  be  doing  over  well — in- 
deed, it  is  just  about  holding  its  own. 

At  the  spot  where  the  Walk  touches  the  Drive  there 
is  English  elm  again.  The  Walk  then  draws  away 
from  the  Drive,  opens  out  into  the  transept  of  the 
Mall,  and  throws  off  a  cosy  little  side-shoot  of  path 
again  at  your  left.  This  snuggles  down  close  to  the 
Drive}  ind  runs  with  it  for  a  little  space.  If  you 
take  it,  it  will  show  you  a  good  swamp  white  oak 
with  a  fine  old  white  ash  just  beyond  it.  The  ash 
has  compound  leaves.  These  are  on  your  right.  On 
your  left,  where  the  Walk  comes  nearest  to  the  Drive, 
you  will  find  a  catalpa  and  a  sassafras.  Opposite 
these,  about  midway  between  them,  a  stately  old  white 


121 

pine  flings  out  its  free-hearted  boughs  in  the  broad 
and  open  way  so  characteristic  of  it.  A  clump  of 
witch  hazel  with  large  oval,  unequal-sided  leaves,  has 
taken  its  stand,  just  beyond,  not  far  from  where  the 
Walk  and  Drive  begin  to  draw  together  again.  Try 
to  see  the  witch  hazel  in  the  fall,  October  or  November, 
when  it  decks  its  branches  gaily  with  its  slender 
ribbons  of  yellow  four-petaled  flowers,  so  daintily 
crimped,  so  delicately  beautiful.  Surely  they  are  fairy- 
like  as  they  flutter  there  so  bravely  in  the  keen  crisp 
air.  The  yellow  four  petals  of  the  flowers  which  flut- 
ter like  tiny  crimped  ribbons,  are  inserted  upon  the 
calyx.  The  flower  has  eight  small  stamens,  only  four 
of  which  are  perfect  and  have  anthers.  The  anthers 
carry  the  pollen.  The  other  four  are  imperfect  and 
are  scale  like.  The  four  with  anthers  are  alternate 
with  the  petals.  The  fruit  of  the  witch  hazel  is  a  two 
celled  nut-like  capsule,  which  contains  two  very  hard 
black  seeds.  When  the  fruit  is  ripe  the  nut  opens  with 
a  snap  and  discharges  these  seeds  like  a  pop-gun. 
William  Hamilton  Gibson  once  measured  the  distance 
of  some  witch  hazel  seeds  as  they  were  discharged 
from  the  nut,  and  found  that  they  were  thrown  over 
thirty  feet,  so  great  was  the  force  expended.  Across 
from  the  witch  hazel,  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  is 
another  hearty  old  white  pine.  The  white  pine  has  its 
leaves  in  clusters  of  five,  as  has  been  said,  and  about 
three,  four,  or  five  inches  long,  of  a  bluish-green. 
They  are  very  soft  and  slender,  three-sided,  needle- 
shaped,  and  are  whitish  on  the  undersides.  The  cones 
of  the  white  pine  are  about  five  inches  long,  cylin- 


122 

drical  in  shape  and  usually  bent  in  a  gentle  curve. 
The  scales  are  thin  and  smoothish  and  free  from  prick- 
les. The  white  pine  is  also  called  the  Weymouth  Pine, 
especially  in  England,  because  it  was  first  cultivated 
there  by  Lord  Weymouth.  Beyond,  the  Walk  again 
touches  the  Drive,  and,  as  it  draws  away  again,  in  the 
point  between  Walk  and  Drive,  are  long  sweeping 
masses  of  Gordon's  syringa.  The  Walk  curves  on  to 
the  southeast  and  brings  you  out  upon  the  northern 
end  of  the  Mall,  with  its  magnificent  sweep  of  elms 
and  its  noble  outlook  from  the  Terrace  over  the  Es- 
planade and  Lake. 


Explanations,  Map  No.  4 


COMMON  NAME. 

1.  Evergreen  Thorn  or  Fire 

Thorn. 

2.  Silver  or  White  Maple. 

3.  English  Cork-bark  Elm. 

4.  Hop  Tree  or  Shrubby  Tre- 

foil. 

5.  Button  wood  or  American 

Sycamore. 

6.  Pin   or   Swamp   Spanish 

Oak. 

7.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

8.  Turkey  Oak. 

9.  Red  Oak. 

10.  Sycamore  Maple. 

11.  Norway  Maple. 

12.  Osage  Orange. 

13.  Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 

Forsythia. 

14.  White  Pine. 

15.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

16.  Bladder  Senna. 

17.  Scotch  or  Wych  Elm 

18.  American  or  White  Elm. 

19.  Sugar  or  Rock  Maple. 

20.  Scotch  Pine. 

21.  Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 

22.  American    Hornbeam, 

Blue  or  Water  Beech. 

23.  American  White  Ash. 

24.  Tulip  Tree. 

25.  Silver  or  White  Maple. 

26.  American  Arbor  Vitae. 

2  7 .   Plume-leaved  Japan  Arbor 

Vitae. 
28.  Hemlock. 


BOTANICAL  NAME. 
Cratcegus  pyracantha. 

Acer  dasycarpum^ 

Ulmus  campestris,  var.  suber- 

osa. 
Ptelea  trifoliata. 

Platanus  Occidentalis. 
Quercus  palustris. 

Quercus  bicolor. 
Quercus  cerris. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Maclura  aurantiaca. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 

Pinus  strobus. 
Crat&gus  crus-galli. 
Colutea  arborescens. 
Ulmus  Montana. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Acer  saccharinum. 
Pimis  sylvestris. 
Catalpa  bignonioides. 

Carpinus  Caroliniana. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 
Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Thuya  Occidentalis. 
Chamcecyparis  (or  Retinos- 

pora)  pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Tsuga  Canadensis. 


128 


COMMON  NAME 

29.  Indian  Currant  or  Coral 

Berry. 

30.  American  or  White  Elm. 

31.  Red  Maple. 

32.  Cup  Plant. 

33.  American  Hazel. 

34.  Black  Cherry. 

35.  Chestnut  Oak. 

36.  American  Chestnut. 

37.  Black  Haw. 

38.  American  or  White  Elm. 

39.  Scarlet  Oak. 

40.  Pignut  or  Broom  Hickory. 

41.  White  Oak. 

42.  Pignut  Hickory. 

43.  English  or  Field  Elm. 

44.  White  Beam  Tree. 

45.  Dwarf  Mountain  Sumac. 

46.  Norway  Spruce. 

47.  White  Mulberry. 

48.  Fontanesia. 

49.  Ramanas  Rose  or  Japan 

Rose  (Pink  and  White 
flowers). 

50.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

51.  Common    Snowball   or 

Guelder  Rose. 

52.  Honey  Locust. 

53.  Norway  Maple. 

54.  American  or  White  Elm. 

55.  Indian   Currant,   Coral 

Berry. 

56.  Common  Barberry. 

57.  Mound  Lily. 

58.  Pearl  Bush. 

59.  Barberry   Box  Thorn  or 

Matrimony  Vine. 

60.  Prairie     Rose     or     Wild 

Climbing  Rose  (Double 
flowered). 

6 1.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

62.  Rhodo typos. 

63.  Cut-leaved  Blackberry. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Symphoricarpos  vulgaris. 

Ulmus  Americana. 
Acer  rubrum. 
Silphium  perfoliatum. 
Corylus  Americana. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Quercus  prinus. 
Castanea  saliva,  var.  Ameri- 
cana. 

Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Carya  porcina. 
Quercus  alba. 
Carya  porcina. 
Ulmus  campestris. 
Sorbus  (or  Pyrus)  aria. 
Rhus  copallina. 
Picea  excelsa. 
Morus  alba. 
Fontanesia  Fortunei. 
Rosa  rugosa. 


Cratcegus  crus-gatti. 
Viburnum  opidis,  var.  sterilis. 

'Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Symphoricarpos  vulgaris. 

Berberis  vulgaris. 
Yucca  gloriosa  (or  pendula). 
Exochorda  grandi flora. 
Lycium  barbarum. 

Rosa  Setigera,  var.  flore  pleno. 


Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Rhodotypos  kerriodes. 
Rubus  laciniatus. 


129 


64.  Weeping   European    Sil- 

ver Linden. 

65.  Cotton  wood   or   Carolina 

Poplar. 

66.  Black  Alder  or  Common 

Winterberry. 

67.  Swamp    Dogwood,    Silky 

Dogwood,  or  Kinnikin- 
nik. 

68.  American    Linden.     Bass- 

wood. 

69.  Colchicum-leaved  maple. 

70.  European  Beech. 

71.  Norway  Maple. 

72.  Chinese  White  Magnolia 

or  Yulan  (Pure  white 
flowers). 

73.  European  Cherry.  Maha- 

leb  Cherry. 

74.  Red  Cedar. 

75.  White  Mulberry 

76.  Japan  Zebra  Grass. 


77 


Dog- 


Alternate-leaved 
wood. 

78.  American  Strawberry 

Bush. 

79.  Bayberry  or  Wax  Myrtle. 

80.  Josika  Lilac. 
8 r.  Chinese  Lilac. 

82.  Japan  Shadbush. 

83.  Siberian  or  Mountain-ash- 

leaved  Spiraea. 

84.  European  Red  Osier,  Red- 

stemmed  Dogwood,  or 
White-fruited  Dog- 
wood (also  called  Si- 
berian Red  Osier). 

85.  Hackberry,  Sugarberry,  or 

Nettle  Tree. 

Slender  Deutzia. 

Ramanas    Rose     (White 
flowers) . 

Large-flowered      Mock 
Orange  or  Syringa  (Var- 
iety flonbundus). 


86. 

87. 

88. 


Tilia  Eiiropaa,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba)  pendula. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Ilex  verticillata. 
Cornus  sericea. 

Tilia  Americana. 

Acer  l&tum. 
Fagus  syLvatica. 
Acer  platancndes. 
Magnolia  conspicua. 

Prunus  Mahaleb. 

Juniperus  Virginiana. 

Morns  alba. 

Eulalia    Japonica,    var.    ze- 

brina. 
Cornus  alternifolia. 

Euonymus  Americanus. 

Myrica  cerifera. 
Syringa  Josikaa. 
Syringa  villosa. 
Amelanchier  Japonica. 

Spir&a  sorbifolia. 

Cornus  sanguinea  (or  alba). 


Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Deutzia  gracilis. 
Rosa  rugosa. 

Philadelphia  grandiflorus,  var. 
flonbundus. 


130 


89.  Common  Mock  Orange  or 

Sweet  Syringa. 

90.  Common  Elder. 

91.  Pekin  Lilac. 


92.  Prairie  or  Wild  Climbing 

Rose  (Single  flowers). 

93.  Meadow   or   Early   Wild     Rosa  blanda. 

Rose. 

94.  Japan  Bladder  Nut. 

95.  Common  Chokeberry (Red 

berries) . 

96.  Black  Chokeberry  (Black 

berries). 

97.  Bristly  Locust,  Rose  Aca- 

cia or  Moss  Locust. 

98.  Chinese  Privet. 


Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Sambucus  Canadensis. 
Syringa  Pekinensis  (or  ligus- 

trina) . 
Rosa  setigera. 


Staphylea  Bumalda. 
Pyrus  arbutifolia. 

Pyrus    arbutifolia,    var.    mel- 

anocarpa. 
Robinia  hispida. 


Ligustrum  Ibota,  var,    Amur- 
ensis. 


IV. 

THE  GREEN  AND  VICINITY 

At  West  Sixty-sixth  Street,  a  little  by-path  leads 
in  from  behind  the  Sheepfold,  around  to  the  Walk  that 
borders  the  westerly  side  of  the  Drive.  There  are 
many  pretty  things  along  its  course,  but  we  cannot 
linger,  for  the  circuit  of  the  "Green"  is  ahead  of  us. 
But  we  must  stop  long  enough  to  take  a  glance  at  two 
or  three  things  here,  as  we  go  along.  Just  as  this 
by-path  begins  to  bend  easterly,  you  will  find,  on  your 
right,  the  pretty  Japan  bladdernut  (Staphylea  Bu- 
malda)  with  trifoliate  leaves,  the  central  leaflet  short- 
stemmed.  Just  beyond,  you  pass,  about  opposite  each 
other,  pin  oak  (southerly  side  of  Walk)  Pyrus 
arbutifolia  (northerly  side).  The  red  chokeberry  is 
an  erect  shrub  with  obovate  leaves,  of  smoothish 
(uppersides)  texture,  but  pubescent  beneath.  They 
are  quite  short-stemmed.  In  April  or  May  its  pretty 
white  corymbs  of  flowers  appear,  and  these  are  suc- 
ceeded by  red  berries.  Across  from  the  pin  oak  here, 
close  by  the  Sheepf old's  corner,  you  will  find  a  spec- 
imen of  the  dark-berried  chokeberry.  Its  berries  are 
almost  black  and  shining. 

In  the  little  somewhat  rectangular  space  or  plat  of 
ground  in  front  of  the  Sheepfold  there  are  several  in- 
teresting things.  In  the  northwestern  corner,  Japan 
shadbush,  with  ovate-elliptic  leaves  which  are  densely 


132 

woolly,  especially  after  unfolding;  in  the  northeastern 
corner,  Chinese  privet;  in  the  southwest  corner,  the 
Josika  lilac,  of  Hungarian  stock,  with  leaves  that  make 
you  think  of  the  fringe-tree.  Some  bushes  of  the 
Chinese  lilac  stand  just  above  this,  in  about  the  center 
of  the  space,  by  the  border.  Its  leaves  are  broadly 
ovate,  whitish  beneath,  and  covered  along  the  veins 
with  hairs.  The  leaves  are  on  short,  stout,  grooved 
stems.  Just  north  of  the  villosa  is  Pekin  lilac.  Close 
by  the  Bridle  Path,  about  the  center  of  the  space  we 
are  considering  here,  you  will  find  two  small  growths 
of  the  fire  thorn  or  evergreen  thorn,  with  lance-spat- 
ulate  leaves  and  small  clusters  of  brilliant  red  berries, 
which  are  about  the  size  of  small  peas.  You  can 
know  it  by  its  thorns.  Just  beyond  this,  is  meadow 
or  early  wild  rose  (Rosa  blanda),  with  its  leaflets,  five 
to  seven,  oval  obtuse.  Beyond  the  blanda,  you  will 
find  prairie  rose  (Rosa  setigera),  with  leaflets,  three 
to  five,  oval  acute. 

Around  the  Seventh  Regiment  Monument  there  are 
clustered  some  beautiful  things.  Let  us  follow  the 
path  that  leads  to  and  around  it,  going  northerly.  As 
this  path  branches  off  to  the  left  (west)  from  the  Walk 
that  borders  the  west  side  of  the  Drive,  you  pass,  on 
your  left,  Indian  currant,  a  pretty  low  straggling  bush 
with  small  oval  leaves  and  beautiful  coral-red  berries 
in  autumn.  Just  beyond  it  is  common  barberry  with 
oblong  leaves  and  plenty  of  spines.  Beyond  this,  in 
the  corner  just  as  the  path  opens  out  about  the  Monu- 
ment, low  down,  with  sabre-like  leaves,  is  mound  lily. 
Look  at  the  margins  of  these  leaves.  You  see  they 


133 

do  not  shred  off  into  fine  thread-like  filaments,  like 
the  Adam's  needle  you  found  down  on  Section  Num- 
ber One.  Beyond  the  mound  lily,  and  about  south 
of  the  center  of  the  Monument,  is  the  pretty  pearl 
bush,  cultivated  from  China  for  its  large  white  flowers. 
These  have  spoon-shaped  petals,  and  come  out  in  long 
axillary  racemes  in  May  or  June.  It  is  a  beautiful 
shrub,  and  the  white  of  its  flowers  is  purity  itself.  It 
gets  its  name  from  the  Latin  exo,  external,  and  chorde, 
a  thong,  referring  to  the  structure  of  the  fruit.  At 
the  far  south-westerly  corner  of  the  path  is  Lycium 
barbarum.  Directly  back  (west)  of  the  Monument 
is  a  handsome  double-flowered  variety  of  the  prairie 
rose,  and  at  the  northwest  corner  of  the  path  we  have 
fragrant  honeysuckle.  Directly  north  of  the  Monu- 
ment are  two  low-growing  specimens  of  the  pearl  bush. 

On  the  right  of  the  Walk,  as  you  went  around, 
you  passed  Rhodotypos  (in  the  corner),  then  cut- 
leaved  blackberry  and  bristly  locust,  opposite  the 
mound  lily.  The  bristly  locust  is  easily  identified  by 
its  bristly  branches  and  locust  leaves.  It  sprawls 
about  beautifully  here,  directly  opposite  the  south- 
easterly corner  of  the  Monument.  As  you  follow  the 
path  down  the  gentle  decline  to  its  junction  with  the 
Drive  Walk,  you  will  see,  on  your  right,  as  you  go 
northerly,  a  fine  old  weeping  European  silver  linden. 

Follow  the  Drive  Walk  northwards  from  this  junc- 
tion, and,  about  half  way  to  the  Arbor  beyond,  you 
will  pass  three  fine  cottonwoods.  These  are  on  the 
left  of  the  Walk.  Beyond  these,  a  little  space,  on  the 
left  again,  you  will  find  black  alder  or  common  win- 


134 

terberry,  conspicuous  in  the  fall,  for  its  bright  red 
berries.  Its  leaves  are  wedge-shaped  at  the  base.  Be- 
yond these,  on  the  right,  in  the  point  of  the  bed  here 
between  Walk  and  Drive,  is  Rhodotypos  with  its  ovate, 
opposite  leaves  which  remind  you  of  the  arrowwood. 
Continuing,  on  your  left  again,  nearly  opposite  the 
Arbor,  stands  a  handsome  honey  locust  with  dark,  al- 
most blackish  bark,  strong  thorns,  and  delicate  pinnate 
leaves.  Just  north  of  the  honey  locust  is  swamp  dog- 
wood or  kinnikinnik,  with  silky  pubescent  leaves,  cream 
white  flowers  in  late  spring  or  early  summer,  in  flat 
cymes  and  pale-blue  berries.  Roiling  out  beside  this 
shrub  is  a  handsome  mass  of  the  Cornus  sanguined, 
with  broadly  ovate  leaves  coming  down  to  a  point 
at  the  tip.  It  gets  its  name  san guinea  from  its  end 
branches  which  in  winter  turn  a  beautiful  polished 
crimson.  Afar  off  then  you  can  see  its  ruddy  glow, 
and  against  the  snow  it  is  charming.  Its  specific  name 
alba  applies  to  its  fruit,  white  berries.  Passing  on, 
near  where  the  Walk  bends  up  toward  Seventy-second 
Street  Gate,  a  fine  old  osage  orange  spreads  out  its 
shining  canopy  of  sun-glinted  leaves.  Its  dark-brown 
bark  with  a  decided  reddish  cast  will  mark  it  for  you. 
But  if  this  is  not  enough,  look  for  the  spines  in  the 
axils  of  its  leaves.  This  tree  fruits  heavily,  and  if 
you  are  passing  it  in  the  autumn,  you  will  see  the 
large  pale-green  "oranges"  hanging  conspicuously  amid 
the  branches.  Of  course,  the  term  "orange"  is  merely 
applied  from  their  resemblance  to  that  fruit.  The 
green  fruit  of  the  osage,  as  you  can  see  by  examin- 
ing the  pieces  which  are  sure  to  be  under  the  tree,  is 


135 

simply  a  ball  of  closely  compressed  drupes.  Each  of 
these  drupes  are  oblong  and  filled  with  a  milk-like 
juice.  And  don't  the  squirrels  love  them!  The  osage 
stands  about  opposite  another  honey  locust.  Going 
to  the  Arbor  over  the  Walk,  near  West  Seventy-second 
Street  Gate,  standing  close  by  its  southwesterly  end, 
is  a  basswood,  with  large  (four  to  six  inches)  lop- 
sided heart-shaped  leaves,  with  the  largest  side  of  the 
leaf  nearest  the  branch.  The  fruits  look  like  good- 
sized  woolly  peas.  Off  to  the  west  of  the  basswood, 
down  the  bank,  thrusting  its  leaves  over  the  Bridle 
Path,  is  a  small  alternate-leaved  dogwood.  If  you  can 
get  close  enough  to  it,  you  will  see  that  its  leaves 
are  set  alternately  on  the  branches,  especially  at  the 
end-branches — a  feature  quite  distinct  from  the  other 
cornels  which  have  their  leaves  all  opposite  on  the 
branch. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  the  Sheepfold  and  make 
the  circuit  of  the  Green.  We  cross  the  Drive  and 
continue  our  ramble  along  the  southerly  side  of  the 
broad  open  stretch  which  has  been  so  aptly  called  the 
"Green."  As  we  enter  upon  it,  on  our  right,  stands 
a  fine  old  swamp  white  oak,  and  opposite  to  it,  in 
the  left-hand  corner,  a  pin  oak.  Note  the  different 
character  of  bark  on  these  two  trees — the  smooth 
steel-gray  of  the  pin  oak,  streaked  with  black,  and  the 
rough  ash-gray  of  the  swamp  oak,  cut  in  long  flattish 
strip-like  scales  or  plates  which  have  a  rather  shaggy 
look.  Beyond  the  swamp  white  oak  are  two  Turkey 
oaks,  easily  known  by  their  dark  heavily-ridged  bark, 
and  beyond  the  Turkey  oaks,  a  splendid  red  oak. 


This  tree  is  lordly!  Stand  off  and  let  your  eyes  rove 
in  delight  over  its  lustrous  green.  In  the  corner  of 
the  next  offshoot  of  path  is  osage  orange,  with  a  fine 
mass  of  weeping  Forsythia  beyond  it,  and  a  hackberry 
opposite  the  Forsythia.  The  hackberry  can  easily  be 
known  by  its  warty  bark  and  "bird's  nest"  clusters  of 
branches.  Opposite  the  osage  orange,  on  your  left, 
is  sycamore  maple  with  its  cordate  five-lobed  thickish 
leaves  on  long  reddish  leaf-stems.  Out  upon  the 
Green,  just  north  of  this  tree,  is  Norway  maple. 

Continuing  eastwards  along  the  southerly  side  of 
the  Green,  you  pass,  on  your  right,  white  pine,  cock- 
spur  thorn,  and  then  a  goodly  gathering  of  more  white 
pines.  Some  little  distance  along,  is  Scotch  elm,  and 
close  by  the  brink  of  Transverse  Road  No.  i,  about 
southwest  of  the  Scotch  elm,  you  will  see  bladder 
senna.  It  has  compound  leaves  (seven  to  eleven  leaf- 
lets), and  belongs  to  the  pulse  family.  In  summer 
(July)  it  flowers  in  golden  racemes.  These  yellow 
pea  flowers  are  succeeded  by  bladder-like  pods  which 
puff  out  very  conspicuously  all  over  the  bush  in  a 
way  that  at  once  stirs  your  curiosity. 

Back  on  the  Walk  again,  and  continuing  easterly, 
you  pass  Scotch  elm,  on  your  right,  and  then,  on  your 
left,  out  on  the  Green,  sycamore  maple,  American  elm, 
sycamore  maple,  sugar  maple,  sycamore  maple.  Just 
beyond  is  an  old  catalpa,  and  close  about  the  rcoks 
here  several  American  hornbeams.  A  fine  white  ash 
has  set  its  firm  foot  on  the  next  rock  mass,  and  faces 
a  pin  oak,  to  the  south,  with  a  couple  of  lordly  tulip 
trees  beside  the  pin  oak. 


137 

As  this  Walk  approaches  the  Drive,  there  is  a  good 
specimen  of  American  arbor  vitae  and  a  golden  plume- 
leaved  retinospora.  The  American  arbor  vitae  is  easily 
distinguished  by  the  glands  on  the  backs  of  its  closely 
appressed  scale-like  leaves,  and  the  retinospora  by  its 
fine  plume-like  leaf-sprays. 

Let  us  turn  here  and  follow  the  trend  of  the  Walk 
northerly  along  the  east  side  of  the  Green.  We  pass 
a  cluster  of  silver  maples,  then  a  struggling  little  hem- 
lock, and  then  some  good  specimens  of  American  elm. 
These  are  near  a  lamp-post  by  the  Drive.  Now  we 
go  northerly,  and  opposite  another  lamp-post  by  Drive 
(about  half  way  to  the  next  off-shoot  of  Walk)  is 
silver  maple  with  a  red  maple  beside  it. 

At  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk,  the  left-hand  branch 
cuts  across  the  upper  part  of  the  Green.  Let  us  take 
it.  At  the  right-hand  corner  of  this  path,  as  you  go 
westerly,  is  a  good  white  pine  that  still  sings  its  re- 
quiem music  to  the  sweep  of  winter  winds.  A  lordly 
group  of  tulip  trees  are  clustered  together,  a  little 
further  along  on  your  right  (north),  with  tall  col- 
umnar trunks  and  white  seed  "cones"  against  the 
autumn  sky.  Opposite  these,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Walk,  is  catalpa.  A  little  further  on,  as  you  go  west- 
erly, a  rock  cuts  up  through  the  swelling  greensward. 
In  its  easterly  shoulder,  a  little  black  haw  leans  out 
most  invitingly.  At  the  northerly  end  of  the  rock  is 
American  chestnut.  Back  of  the  chestnut,  on  the  rock 
is  a  ragged  old  red  cedar  with  bare  trunk  and  close 
scale-like  leaves  (awl-shaped  on  the  younger  growths). 
South  of  this  red  cedar,  and  about  west  of  the  black 


138 

haw,  is  a  white  mulberry  with  shining  green  mitten- 
shaped  leaves.  Beyond  the  rock,  an  American  elm 
sweeps  up  its  vase-like  form,  and,  diagonally  across 
the  Walk  from  it,  is  a  Norway  maple,  full  foliaged 
and  lusty.  About  in  line  with  the  next  abutment  of 
rock,  but  close  by  the  border  (right)  of  the  Walk, 
is  scarlet  oak  with  bristle-tipped  leaves,  and  just  be- 
yond it,  a  pignut  hickory.  Beyond  the  hickory  is 
white  oak,  standing  just  back  of  another  pignut.  The 
pignut  has  compound  leaves,  with  the  leaf  stem  smooth. 
The  white  oak's  leaves  are  simple  and  round-lobed. 
A  little  further  along  we  come  to  a  large  mass  of  rock 
on  the  right  (north)  of  the  Walk.  This  mass  is  quite 
near  the  Mineral  Spring  House.  The  beautiful  dwarf 
mountain  sumac  garnishes  its  southeastern  corner. 
This  sumac  you  easily  recognize  by  the  wing  along 
the  leaf-stem  and  between  the  leaflets.  Up  the  rock, 
and  back  of  the  sumac  an  old  black  cherry  lifts  its 
shaggy  scaly  bark.  Down  in  the  southwesterly  corner 
of  the  rock  mass  is  a  whispering  chatty  gathering  of 
the  Japan  zebra  grass.  How  lovely  it  is,  with  its 
handsome  bands  (across  the  leaves)  of  green  and 
white. 

Near  the  Mineral  Spring  House,  beyond  the  rock 
mass  here,  the  Walk  throws  off  an  arm  to  the  right 
(northerly)  which  meets  the  Border  Walk  of  the  Drive 
beyond.  This  arm  of  pathway  has  a  very  interesting 
tree  to  show  us — the  white  beam  tree  of  the  mountain- 
ash  tree  family.  It  stands  on  the  right  (east)  of  the 
path,  about  opposite  the  short  branch  of  Walk  that 
runs  in  behind  Mineral  Spring  House.  This  tree,  from 


WHITE  BEAM    TREE  [Sorbus  (or  Pynis')  aria] 
Map  4.     No.  44. 


139 

its  leaf,  might  be  mistaken  for  a  scarlet-fruited  haw- 
thorn, for  indeed  the  leaves  are  rather  similar.  But 
the  lack  of  any  thorns  on  the  tree  relieves  it  at  once 
of  that  accusation.  As  has  been  said  above,  the  tree 
belongs  to  the  mountain-ash  family,  and  in  May  breaks 
out  its  flowers  in  broad  white  corymbs  which  change 
later,  with  clusters  of  roundish  orange-red  berries 
crowded  closely  together.  The  leaves  of  the  tree  are 
dark-green  on  the  uppersides,  but  are  very  white 
(tomentose)  on  the  undersides.  In  shape  they  are 
roundish-ovate  or  oblong-oval,  generally  wedge-shaped 
at  the  base,  either  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  point,  and 
with  margins  sharply  and  doubly  serrate.  Continu- 
ing along  the  Walk,  beyond  the  white  beam  tree,  you 
pass,  on  your  left,  Norway  spruce  with  dark  sombre 
branches  that  droop  in  A- form  on  either  side  of  the 
main  boughs.  You  know  it  is  a  spruce,  because  its 
leaves  are  four-sided.  A  white  mulberry  with  mitten- 
shaped  leaves  stands  just  beyond  it.  As  the  Walk 
curves  around  to  meet  the  Border  Walk,  about  half 
way  around,  on  your  right,  is  a  fine  mass  of  common 
elder.  See  it  in  June  when  it  lays  over  its  rolling 
masses  of  green  the  lace  of  its  white  kerchiefs  of  bloom 
— the  lovely  broad  flat  corymbs  of  its  white  flowers. 
In  the  point  of  the  Walk's  junction  with  the  Border 
Walk,  is  a  beautiful  mass  of  the  Ramanas  rose.  This 
is  made  up  mostly  of  the  white-flowered  variety.  Diag- 
onally across  on  the  bed  at  the  north  of  the  Border 
Walk  you  will  find  the  pink  and  the  white-flowered 
varieties  of  this  handsome  rose  beautifully  inter- 
mingled. The  leaflets  of  this  rose  run  in  fives  to  nines, 


140 

and  the  branch  stems  are  densely  thick  with  prickles 
and  bristles.  They  look  "mossy"  with  them.  The 
leaflets  are  dark  glossy  and  shining  green  on  the  upper- 
sides. 

If  you  follow  the  trend  of  the  Border  Walk  here, 
easterly,  about  midway  opposite  the  bank  of  the  pink 
and  white  Ramanas  rose,  you  will  find,  on  your  right, 
a  fair  specimen  of  the  Fontanesia — the  same  kind  of 
shrub,  with  the  willow-like  leaves  you  met  down  in 
Section  No.  I,  near  the  Bosc's  red  ash  and  the  Dairy. 
Beyond  the  Fontanesia  here,  a  little  beyond  a  point 
about  opposite  the  "Falconer,"  but  close  by  the  right- 
hand  border  of  the  Walk,  you  come  to  American 
strawberry  bush,  and  beside  it,  the  beautiful  Siberian 
or  Mountain  ash-leaved  spiraea  The  former  has  ovate- 
lanceolate  simple  leaves,  the  latter  has  compound  leaves, 
which  closely  resemble  the  leaves  of  the  mountain  ash. 
The  Siberian  spiraea  blooms  in  July  in  great  white 
fluffs  that  are  welcome  sights  at  that  time  of  year, 
when  you  wonder  that  anything  has  energy  enough  to 
show  a  petal  of  bloom. 

Should  you  follow  the  path  around  by  the  Drive, 
easterly,  it  will  lead  you  past  a  splendid  sweep  of  green 
to  the  fork  where  you  turned  off  to  go  toward  the 
Mineral  Spring  House.  As  you  come  to  the  rock 
mass  (on  your  right)  about  opposite  the  Drive  crossing 
to  the  Mall,  you  pass  a  handsome  cluster  of  Turkey 
oaks.  These  are  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  between  the 
Walk  and  the  Drive.  Up  on  the  rocks  at  your  right, 
on  the  extreme  southerly  end,  is  a  chestnut  oak  with 
wavy-lobed  leaves.  Just  beyond  the  lamp-post  here, 


141 

on  your  left,  is  American  hazel,  with  leaves  slightly 
heart-shaped  at  the  base,  rather  broadly  oval  and  more 
or  less  pointed  at  the  tip.  Where  the  border  bed  of 
the  Walk  narrows  here,  a  white  pine  spreads  its  open- 
hearted,  level  boughs,  and  on  your  right,  as  you  now  go 
southerly,  not  far  from  the  fork  of  the  Walk  beyond,  you 
will  see  a  large  mass  of  the  gladsome  cup  plant  starring 
out  its  beautiful  yellow  flowers  in  summer.  You  can 
recognize  it  easily  by  its  very  square  stems  and  leaves 
that  clasp  about  the  stems  in  a  way  that  is  truly  cup- 
like.  In  the  right  hand  corner  of  the  fork,  beyond,  is 
another  white  pine. 

Had  you  taken  the  left  branch  of  the  Walk,  after 
passing  around  behind  the  Mineral  Spring  House,  it 
would  have  led  you  by  cockspur  thorn  (on  your  right$ 
as  you  passed  westerly)  and  Scotch  elm  ( diagonally 
across  from  the  cockspur  thorn.  The  thorn  has  glossy, 
wedge,  obovate  leaves ;  the  elm,  large,  thick  leaves  with 
a  long,  abrupt  point  on  either  side  of  which  lesser 
points  jut  out  conspicuously.  A  handsome  mass  of 
the  large-flowered  syringa  banks  the  border  bed,  on 
your  right,  where  it  narrows  to  a  point  between  Walk 
and  Drive.  Beyond  is  a  lamp-post,  and  opposite  to  it, 
on  your  left,  back  on  the  greensward  a  little,  is  guelder 
rose  or  common  snowball,  one  of  the  viburnums.  You 
can  know  it  easily  by  its  three-lobed  leaves.  In  the 
guelder  rose  all  the  individual  flowers  are  sterile  and 
form  large,  round  heads  of  bloom.  This  shrub  is  really 
the  sterile  variety  of  the  common  high-bush  cranberry. 
Compare  the  leaves  of  this  shrub  with  those  of  the 
high-bush  cranberry  in  other  parts  of  the  Park,  and 


142 

note  their  similarity.  Continuing,  on  your  left,  you 
pass  sycamore  maple,  with  its  five-lobed,  cordate  leaves 
on  long,  reddish  leaf  stems.  Here  we  have  come  to  the 
Arbor  by  the  Drive,  bowered  so  beautifully  by  the 
cluster  of  honey  locusts,  that  with  their  fierce  thorns 
seem  a  silent  guard-at-arms  over  the  pretty  little  nook. 
While  you  are  at  the  Arbor,  go  through  it  and  have  a 
look  at  the  fine  row  of  red  oaks  that  have  marshaled 
the  bravery  of  their  glossy  green  between  the  Mineral 
Spring  House  and  the  Arbor. 

Before  leaving  this  section,  if  it  has  been  your  good 
fortune  to  have  procured  a  permit,  cross  the  Drive  at 
the  lamp-post  opposite  the  guelder  rose  to  the  lamp-post 
on  the  northerly  side  of  the  Drive  and  strike  due  north 
of  this  until  you  come  to  a  tree  with  light-gray  bark 
and  leaves  reverse  egg-shape  (obovate)  that  have  a  little 
abrupt  point  at  the  end.  This  tree  is  the  Chinese  white 
magnolia  or  Yulan,  and  I  hope  you  can  see  it  bloom  in 
April.  It  is  then  a  cloud  of  pure  white,  lovely  beyond 
words.  The  large,  cream-white  blossoms  seem  to  float 
upon  the  air  and  the  fragrance  of  their  perfume  is  in- 
expressibly sweet  upon  the  April  breeze.  The  blossoms 
come  before  the  leaves  appear,  breaking  out  from  the 
great  furry  buds  that  have  been  the  tree's  conspicu- 
ous and  individual  winter  marks  of  identification.  The 
winter  buds  of  the  conspicua  have  a  somewhat  greenish 
cast  through  their  furry  coats,  while  those  of  its  near 
hybrid,  the  Soulangeana,  are  quite  brownish. 

Across  to  the  west  of  conspicua  is  a  large  rock  mass, 
and  west  of  this,  near  the  Drive,  you  will  find  an  in- 


143 

teresting  group  of  trees.  They  are  the  Colchicum- 
leaved  maples,  and  you  can  tell  them  by  their  beautiful 
bark  striations  or  veinings,  or  by  their  somewhat 
star-like  leaves.  The  leaves  are  five  to  seven  lobed, 
smooth,  and  just  a  trifle  heart-shaped  at  the  base. 
They  are  smooth  and  green  on  either  side,  and  are  of 
a  thin  and  tender  texture.  These  trees  are  indeed 
handsome,  and  the  markings  on  their  branches  remind 
me  of  the  beautiful  stems  of  the  shadbush.  The  bloom 
of  these  maples  is  in  the  spring  in  erect  corymbs,  some- 
what like  the  flowers  of  the  Norway  maple.  Hand- 
some trees  they  are,  surely,  and  seem  to  be  all  thriving 
here.  May  you  have  the  good  fortune  to  get  near  to 
them  and  let  your  eyes  revel  over  their  beautifully 
marked  boughs. 

Northwest  of  the  Colchicum  maples,  you  will  find 
close  by  the  Drive,  a  splendid  example  of  the  European 
beech.  It  is  broad  boughed  and  in  excellent  condition. 
This  handsome  tree  is  almost  opposite  the  pretty  little 
rustic  Arbor  which  arches  the  Walk  that  bends  to 
the  south  just  after  entering  the  West  Seventy-Second 
Street  Gate.  As  you  drive  in  from  the  Gate  it  is  sure 
to  catch  your  eye,  for  it  stands  well  out  alone  on  the 
lawn  and  has  had  plenty  of  room  to  grow  to  its  full 
perfection.  As  I  have  said  before,  notice  its  leaves, 
which  are  not  toothed  but  have  their  margins  fringed 
with  delicate  hairs.  This  fringing  of  the  margin  with 
hairs  is  termed  botanically,  ciliate.  The  American 
beech  differs  from  the  European  in  having  very  de- 
cidedly toothed  leaves,  the  teeth  terminating  the  ends  of 


144 

the  veins  at  the  margin  of  the  leaf.  It  may  be  inter- 
esting to  add  here  that  the  beech  belongs  to  the  oak 
family,  which  includes,  also,  the  birch,  alder,  hazel, 
hop,  hornbeam,  and  chestnut. 


§       CO  § 

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Explanations,  Map  No.  5 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  English  Oak. 

2.  Japan  Maple. 

3.  Austrian  Pine. 

4.  Mugho  Pine. 

5.  Umbel-flowered  Oleaster. 

6.  European  White  Birch. 

7 .  European  or  English  Yew. 

8.  Purple-leaved    European 

White  Birch. 

9.  Purple -leaved    European 

Kazel. 

10.  American   Linden,   Bass- 

wood,  Bee  Tree. 

11.  J  apan  Sno  wball . 

12.  Black  Cherry. 

13.  Nordmann's  Silver  Fir. 

14.  American  or  White  Elm. 

15.  Abrupt  -  leaved     Japan 

Yew. 

1 6.  Japan  Rose. 

17.  Thunberg's  Barberry. 

1 8.  European  Bladder  Nut. 

19.  Willow  Oak. 

20.  Japan  Shadbush. 

21.  Siebold's  Viburnum. 

22.  Panicled   Hydrangea 

(Large  flowered) . 

23.  Rosemary-leaved  Willow. 

24.  Plume  Grass. 

25.  Japan  Bamboo. 

26.  Variegated  Japan  Plume 

Grass. 

27.  Weeping  European  White 

Birch. 

28.  Laurel-leaved  Willow. 

29.  Garden  Red  Cherry,  Mor- 

ello  Cherry. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Quercus  robur. 

Acer  polymorphism. 

Pinus  Austriaca. 

Pinus  Montana,  var.  Mughus. 

Elceagnus  umbellata. 

Betula  alba. 

Taxus  baccata. 

Betula  alba,  var.  atropurpurea. 

Corylus  avellana,  var.  atropur- 
purea. 
Tilia  Americana. 

Viburnum  plicatum. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Abies  N ordmanniana. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Taxus  cuspidata. 

Rosa  rugosa. 
Berber  is  Thunbergii. 
Staphylea  pinnata. 
Quercus  phellos. 
Amelanchier  Japonica. 
Viburnum  Sieboldi. 
Hydrangea    paniculata,     var. 


grandiftora. 
alio( 


Salix  rosmarinifolia  (or  in- 
cana) . 

Erianthus  Ravennce. 

Bambusa  Metake. 

Eulalia  (or  Miscanthus)  Ja- 
ponica, var.  foliis  variegatis. 

Betula  alba,  var.  pendula. 

Salix  pentandra. 
Prunus  cerasus. 


32. 
33- 

34- 


37- 
38. 

39- 

40. 
41. 
42. 
43- 
44- 
45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 
49. 


52. 
53- 
54- 

55- 
56. 

57- 

58. 
59- 
60. 
61. 

62. 


COMMON  NAME 

Golden  or  Yellow  Willow. 

Cut-leaved    European 
Beech. 

Long-Stemmed  Elm. 

Weigela  (Dark  crimson 
flowers) . 

Sugar  or  Rock  Maple. 

Chinese  Cork  Tree. 

European  (or  Siberian) 
Red  Osier,  Red-stem- 
med Dogwood,  White- 
fruited  Dogwood. 

Purple-leaved  Norway 
Maple. 

Indian  Bean  Tree  or 
Southern  Catalpa. 

Arrowwood. 

Black  Haw. 

Buckthorn^ 

Bush  Deutzia. 

European  Beech 

Red  Maple. 

Pin  Oak. 

Silver  or  White  Maple. 

English  or  Field  Elm. 

American  or  White  Elm. 

Sycamore  Maple. 

Shadbush,  June  Berry  or 
Service  Berry. 

Common   Snowball  or 
Guelder  Rose. 

Californian  Privet. 

Cornelian  Cherry. 

American  Sycamore,  But- 
ton wood,  Buttonball. 

Sycamore  Maple. 

Scotch  Elm,  Wych  Elm. 

Purple-leaved  European 
Hazel. 

Yellowwood. 

Bald  Cypress. 

Imperial  Paulo wnia. 

Plume-leaved  Retinpspora 
or  Japan  Arbor  Vitae. 

European  or  English  Yew. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Salix  alba,  var.  vitellina. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  laciniata 
(or  asplenifolia). 

Ulmus  effusa. 

Diervilla  hybrida,  var.  Laval- 
lei. 

Acer  saccharinum. 

Phellodendron  Amurense. 

Cornus  sanguinea  (or  alba). 


Acer    platanoides,    var.    pur- 

purea. 
Catalpa  Bignonioides. 

Viburnum  dentatum. 
Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Rhamnus  cathartica. 
Deutzia  crenata. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Acerrabrum. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Ulmus  campestris. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Acer  pseudpplatanus. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 

Viburnum  opulis,  var.  sterilis. 

Ligustrum  ovalifolium. 
Cornus  mascula. 
Platanus  occidentalis . 

Acer  pseudoplatanus. 

Ulmus  Montana. 

Corylus   Avellana,   var.    atro- 

purpurea. 

Cladrastis  tinctoria. 
Taxodium  distichum. 
Paulownia  imperialis. 
C 'ham cec y par  is  (or  Retinospora) 

pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Taxus  baccata. 


COMMON  NAME 


BOTANICAL  NAME 


63- 
64. 

65- 
66. 

67- 
68. 
69. 
70. 


72. 
73- 
74- 

75- 
76. 

77- 
78. 

79- 

80. 
81. 
82. 


84. 
85- 

86. 

87. 

88. 

89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 

93- 

94. 

95- 
96. 


American  or  White  Ash. 
Ginkgo  Tree,  or  Maiden- 

hair Tree. 
Scotch  Elm. 
American  White  Ash. 
Oriental  Plane  Tree. 
Black  Cherry. 
American  Beech. 
Weeping  European  Silver 

Linden. 
Cottonwood   or   Carolina 

Poplar. 

Laurel  Oak  or  Shingle  Oak. 
English  or  Field  Elm. 
Scotch  Pine. 
Scotch  Elm. 
Willow  Oak. 
Red  Oak. 
White  Pine. 
Ninebark. 

Oriental  Spruce. 
Nordmann's  Silver  Fir. 
Kcelreuteria    or    Varnish 

Tree. 
Sweet    Bay    or    Swamp 

Magnolia. 
Stuartia. 
Mount  Atlas  Cedar,  Silver 

Cedar,  African  Cedar. 
Cucumber  Tree  or  Moun- 

tain Magnolia. 
Japan  Quince. 
Sweet    Bay    or    Swamp 

Magnolia. 

Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 
Rhodotypos. 
Beach  Plum. 
Ramanas  Rose  or  Japan 

Rose. 
Cottonwood  or  Carolina 

Poplar. 

European  or  Tree  Alder. 
Great-leaved  Magnolia. 
Umbrella  Tree. 


Fraxinus  Americana. 
Salisburia  adiantifolia. 

Ulmus  Montana. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 

Platanus  Orientalis. 

Prunus  serotina. 

Fagus  ferruginea. 

Tilia  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba)  pendula. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Quercus  imbricaria. 

Ulmus  campestris. 

Pinus  sylvestris. 

Ulmus  Montana. 

Quercus  phellos. 

Quercus  rubra. 

Pinus  strobus. 

Physocarpus  (or  Spirced)  op- 

ulifolia. 

Picea  Orientalis. 
Abies  Nordmanniana. 
Kcelreuteria  paniculata. 

Magnolia  glauca. 

Stuartia  pentagyna. 
Cedrus  Atlantica. 

Magnolia  acuminata. 

Cydonia  Japonica. 
Magnolia  glauca. 

Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Prunus  maritima. 
Rosa  rugosa. 

Populus  monilifera. 

Alnus  glutinosa. 
Magnolia  macrophylla 
Magnolia  umbrella. 


152 


COMMON  NAME 

97.  European  Bird  Cherry. 

98.  Fringe  Tree. 

99.  Double  -  flowering    Crab 

Apple. 

100.  Green  or  Mountain  Alder. 

101.  Black  Willow. 

102.  English  Cork-bark  Elm. 

103.  Persimmon. 

104.  European  Beech. 

105.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

1 06.  American  Hornbeam. 

107.  Ailanthus     or    Tree    of 

Heaven. 

1 08.  American  or  White  Elm. 

109.  Sourwood  or  Sorrel  Tree, 
no.  Common  Horechestnut. 
in.  Panicled  Dogwood. 

112.  Red  Cedar. 

113.  European  Beech. 

114.  Weigela  (white  flowers). 

115.  Chinese  Lilac. 

116.  *  Butternut   or  White 

Walnut. 

117.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

1 1 8.  Sassafras. 

119.  Cut -leaved      European 

Beech. 

1 2  o .  Norway  Maple . 
121.  Californian  Rose  Mallow. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Prunus  padus. 
Chionanthus  Virginica. 
Pyrus  mains,  var.  flore  pleno. 

Alnus  viridis. 

Salix  nigra. 

Ulmus  campestris,  var.  sube- 

rosa. 

Diospyros  Virginiana. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Cornus  stolonifera. 
Carpinus  Caroliniana. 
Ailanthus  glandulosus. 

Ulmus  Americana. 
Oxydendrum  arbor  eum. 
^Esculus  hippocastanum. 
Cornus  paniculata. 
Juniperus  Virginiana. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Diervilla  alba  (or  Candida} . 
Syringa  Pekinensis. 
Juglans  cinerea. 

Quercus  bicolor. 

Sassafras  officinale. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  laciniata. 

Acer  platanoides. 
Hibiscus  Calif ornicus. 


EAST  SEVENTY-SECOND  STREET  TO  EAST  SEVENTY- 
NINTH  STREET 

Enter,  for  this  ramble,  at  East  Seventy  -  second 
Street,  and  turn  off  to  the  right  at  the  first  fork  of 
the  Walk.  The  path  here  splits  right  and  left.  Close 
by  the  second  series  of  steps  on  the  left  branch  of 
Walk  (the  westerly)  you  will  find  the  interesting 
rosemary-leaved  willow.  It  is  a  pretty  shrub  with  very 
narrow  linear  leaves,  which  have  their  margins  slightly 
turned  or  rolled  over  in  a  way  that  botanists  term 
re-volute.  The  leaf  edges  are  entire  (not  cut)  and  the 
leaves  are  cottony-white  on  the  undersides.  On  the 
uppersides  they  are  of  a  dull,  dark  green.  They  are 
set  close  in  to  the  leaf  stem,  that  is,  are  nearly  sessile. 
Delicacy  is  the  word  to  express  the  effect  of  this  shrub, 
and  its  fine  leaves  certainly  make  it  a  thing  of  exquisite 
beauty. 

If  you  follow  the  branch  of  Walk  that  splits  off 
to  the  east,  you  will  find  just  off  to  the  east  of  the  little 
cut-leaved  beech  (easily  known  by  its  cut  leaves)  two 
small  English  oaks.  These  are  especially  interesting, 
as  they  came  from  Sachsenwald,  the  estate  of  the  late 
Prince  Bismarck.  Off  to  the  east  of  these  are  two 
low  bushes;  the  northerly  is  a  small  sapling  of  the 
laurel-leaved  willow,  with  glossy,  shining  leaves;  the 
southerly  of  the  two  is  another  rosemary-leaved  willow. 


154 

South  of  this  willow  is  another  of  the  same  kind,  and 
south  of  it  a  pretty  Japan  maple,  with  star  -  like 
leaves. 

Continuing  along  this  Walk,  at  the  steps  and  about 
them,  are  several  interesting  things.  Off  to  the  left, 
near  the  first  step,  is  European  white  birch,  and  at  the 
right  of  the  step  is  English  yew,  a  low  bush  here,  with 
flat,  linear  leaves,  pointed  and  two-ranked.  To  the 
east  of  this  is  Siberian  red  osier,  with  crimson  branches 
in  winter.  South  of  the  osier  is  umbel-flowered  oleaster, 
with  yellowish-brown  branchlets  covered  generally  with 
a  silvery  scurf,  and  leaves  elliptic  or  oblong  ovate  in 
shape,  crisped  about  the  margins  and  silvery-white  on 
the  undersides,  often  marked  with  a  few  brown  scales. 
This  pretty  Japan  shrub  blooms  in  May  or  June  with 
fragrant,  umbel-clustered,  yellowish-white  flowers  in 
the  axils  of  the  leaves,  and  these  are  succeeded  in  the 
fall  by  dense  clusters  of  beautiful  amber-red  berries 
speckled  all  over  with  silvery  spots.  These  berries 
make  a  beautiful  show  at  that  time. 

By  the  second  step  are  some  masses  of  the  dark 
crimson-flowered  Weigela  (var.  Lavallei)  and  are  very 
handsome  in  June.  Near  them  the  purple-leaved  Eu- 
ropean birch  flashes  its  leaves  so  darkly  purple  that 
they  appear  almost  black.  They  are  striking  indeed, 
burning  the  light  from  their  glossy  leaves  and  in  strong 
contrast  with  the  vivid  white  of  the  tree's  bark.  Off 
to  the  east  of  this  birch  is  a  purple-leaved  European 
hazel,  a  low-spreading  bush,  with  dark  crimson-purple, 
almost  bronze,  leaves.  The  leaves  are  roundish,  heart- 
shaped,  and  broadish  at  the  ends,  just  before  they  come 


155 

to  a  point.  Note  how  much  broader  these  leaves  are 
at  the  ends  than  those  of  our  native  hazel. 

Passing  on,  we  meet  black  cherry  on  the  left  of  the 
Walk,  easily  known  by  its  scaly  bark,  and  opposite  to 
it,  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  some  fine  masses  of  the 
Japan  snowball.  Beyond,  on  the  left,  is  a  fair  specimen 
of  the  Nordmann's  silver  fir,  an  evergreen  with  long, 
linear,  flat  leaves  which  are  notched  at  the  tip  and 
marked  on  the  undersides  by  silvery  lines.  The  tree 
is  rather  conical  in  form,  with  horizontal  branches.  Its 
foliage  is  a  deep  dark  green,  and  through  it  you  catch, 
where  the  light  touches  the  undersides  of  the  leaves, 
the  beautiful  glint  of  silver  that  is  just  enough  to  set 
your  eyes  dancing. 

At  the  junction  of  the  Walk  beyond,  with  the  Walk 
that  borders  Conservatory  Lake,  you  will  find  Taxus 
cuspidata,  with  leaves  like  the  English  yew's,  but  tipped 
with  stronger  points.  Opposite  the  cuspidata  is  sugar 
maple.  Following  the  Walk  around  the  easterly  border 
of  Conservatory  Lake,  to  its  next  fork,  we  will  follow 
the  east  branch  of  this  junction.  But  before  we  do  so, 
let  us  look  at  some  things  about  the  Lily  Pond.  At  its 
southerly  end  wave  several  clumps  of  the  beautiful 
plume-grass,  Erianthits  Ravenna.  Close  by  the  margin 
of  the  Pond,  you  will  find  the  pretty  Japan  bamboo, 
Bambusa  Metake,  growing  in  two  waving  clumps,  one 
a  little  beyond  the  plume-grass,  the  other  near  the  most 
easterly  end  of  the  Pond.  East  and  a  trifle  soutfi  of 
this  clump  is  the  variegated  Japan  plume-grass.  If  you 
have  a  permit  to  explore  this  district,  near  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Wall  and  about  due  east  of  the  Japan  plume- 


156 

grass  you  will  find  Chinese  cork  tree  with  long  ailan- 
thus-like  leaves  and  another  one  south  of  this,  about 
in  line  with  the  southerly  end  of  the  Lily  Pond.  If  you 
find  this  cork  tree,  near  it,  to  the  southwest,  is  sour- 
wood,  with  leaves  like  those  of  the  peach  tree  and  long 
fingers  of  white  bloom  in  the  summer.  To  the  south- 
west of  the  sourwood  are  several  handsome  specimens 
of  the  panicled  hydrangea. 

At  the  extreme  northerly  end  of  the  Lily  Pond,  you 
will  find  golden  willow,  in  summer  a  drifting  cloud  of 
silvery  gray-green,  in  winter  a  lovely  mist  of  brassy- 
yellow  twigs  and  branches.  A  little  off  to  the  east  of  the 
golden  willow,  low  down,  about  two  feet  high,  the 
handsome  Californian  rose  mallow  blows  out  its  beau- 
tiful, large  white  flowers,  with  pink  centers,  to  the 
blaze  of  an  August  sun.  How  lovely  and  cool  they 
look,  nestling  here  by  the  sleepy  Pond !  East  of  the 
mallow,  almost  in  line  witn  each  other,  north  and  south, 
are  Siberian  red  osier,  rhodotypos,  pin  oak  and  willow 
oak.  All  of  these  you  have  met  before,  except  the 
willow  oak.  This  is  easy  to  identify,  for  its  leaves  are 
indeed  very  much  like  those  of  a  willow — linear-lance- 
olate, of  a  smooth,  clear  green,  and  narrowed  at  base 
and  tip.  They  are  entire  or  almost  entire.  You  cannot 
mistake  the  tree,  for  at  first  glance  you  are  sure  to  see 
its  willow-like  look.  There  is  another  of  these  oaks 
about  due  north  of  this  one,  and  northeast  of  the 
second,  near  the  Fifth  Avenue  Wall,  you  will  find  the 
handsome  Siebold's  viburnum,  grown  to  the  height  of  a 
small  tree.  This  handsome  shrub  is  a  Japan  product  and 
is  certainly  a  worthy  importation.  In  May  or  June  it 


lifts  over  its  dark-green,  shining,  oval  leaves  its  con- 
spicuous panicles  of  bloom.  These  panicles  are  very 
showy,  and,  with  their  several  tiers,  make  you  think  of 
a  candelabrum.  They  are,  in  this  respect,  different  from 
any  other  viburnum's  flowers  in  the  Park.  These  hand- 
some blossoms  are  individually  a  combination  of  the 
wheel-shaped  (rotate)  and  bell-shaped  (campanulate) 
types  of  flowers.  They  change,  later,  to  pinkish,  oblong 
berries  which,  as  they  ripen,  become  blue-black.  The 
shrub's  leaves  are  very  handsome,  large  and  richly 
dark  green.  About  west  of  this  viburnum,  close  by 
the  Walk,  is  long-stemmed  English  elm,  and  across  the 
Walk  from  this  tree,  to  the  southwest,  up  the  rise  of 
the  slope  here,  is  cut-leaved  European  beech.  Con- 
tinuing along  the  Walk,  northerly,  near  the  place 
where  it  goes  under  the  Drive,  through  an  Arch,  it 
branches  off  to  the  northeast  (your  right)  past  some 
European  beeches  and  red  maples,  to  the  Seventy-ninth 
Street  Gate.  Near  this  Gate  you  pass,  just  beyond  the 
lamp-post  on  your  left,  common  horsechestnut,  on  your 
right  catalpa,  buckthorn  and  sycamore  maple.  The 
buckthorn  has  leaves  that  remind  you  of  the  dogwood. 
If  you  had  not  branched  off  to  the  right  from  the 
Arch,  but  had  gone  through  it,  northerly,  you  would 
have  passed,  on  your  right,  sycamore  maple  (about 
opposite  a  red  maple),  then  close  together,  one  after 
the  other,  on  your  right,  buckthorn,  wild  red  osier  (with 
crimson  branches  streaked  with  crinkly  lines  in  winter), 
American  hornbeam,  with  birch-like  leaves,  muscular, 
ridgy  bark  veined  beautifully  by  silver  streaks,  and 
then  buckthorn  again.  Diagonally  across  the  Walk 


158 

from  this  buckthorn,  is  a  black  cherry,  with  rough,  scaly 
bark.  Continuing  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  are  two 
sycamore  maples,  close  together,  with  another  of  the 
same  kind  further  to  the  north  of  them.  Beyond  the 
tree  is  a  red  maple,  with  very  handsome,  light-gray 
bark  and  leaves  three  to  five-lobed.  Directly  opposite 
this  red  maple,  across  the  Walk,  is  Japan  quince,  rich 
in  thorns,  and  off  to  one  side  of  the  quince  is  panicled 
dogwood.  Note  the  whitish  undersides  of  the  leaves. 
Just  beyond  these  the  Walk  branches,  with  an  arm  to 
the  west.  Close  by  the  first  steps  here  is  red  maple, 
by  the  second  steps,  sycamore  maple  and  American 
elm  opposite  each  other,  with  a  mass  of  ninebark,  at 
the  right  of  the  steps,  beyond  them.  The  leaves  of 
this  shrub  are  three-lobed.  A  little  beyond,  on  the 
right,  near  a  sycamore  maple,  is  a  young  swamp  white 
oak,  and  quite  near  the  Drive,  on  your  left,  American 
hornbeam. 

Come  back  now  to  the  Boat  House.  Close  by  it,  to 
the  north,  you  will  find  several  good  specimens  of  the 
black  willow,  with  the  undersides  of  their  leaves  green, 
differing  in  this  respect  from  the  vitellina,  which  you 
met  before  at  the  beginning  of  this  ramble  near  the 
Lily  Pond.  In  the  loops  of  ground  at  the  Boat  House, 
are  varnish  tree  and  fringe  tree,  in  the  northerly  loop. 
The  varnish  tree  has  compound  leaves,  the  fringe  tree, 
simple.  In  the  southerly  loop  are  two  European  bird 
cherries.  In  the  border  bed,  at  the  south  of  the  Boat 
House,  are  double-flowering  crab  apple,  and  then  two 
yellowwoods.  These  are  side  by  side.  The  yellow- 
woods  have  smooth  light-gray  bark,  like  the  bark  of 


YELLOWWOOD  (In  bloom)    (Cladrastis  tinctoria) 
Map  5.     No.  58. 


159 

the  beech  tree,  but  you  can  distinguish  them  from  the 
beech  by  their  compound  leaves.  The  leaflets  are  oval 
and  are  from  seven  to  eleven  in  number.  These  trees 
belong  to  the  great  pulse  family,  blooming  in  June,  in 
long  drooping  panicles  of  fragrant  white  flowers. 
About  opposite  the  northerly  one  of  these  yellowwoods, 
on  the  west  of  the  Walk,  back  a  little,  about  midway 
toward  the  Drive,  you  will  find  green  or  mountain 
alder,  with  oval  or  ovate  leaves,  rounded  at  the  base 
and  pale  green  on  the  undersides. 

Turn  off  from  the  Walk  here  and  pass  down  the 
steps  through  the  Arch  beneath  the  Drive,  follow  this 
branch  of  Walk  around  to  the  right,  and  proceed  along 
the  border  of  the  Drive,  with  it,  southerly.  You  pass 
some  lordly  old  cottonwoods,  clumped  together.  Be- 
yond the  cottonwoods,  fairly  well  back  on  the  slope 
of  the  greensward,  stands  the  interesting  laurel  or 
shingle  oak.  Its  leaves  are  lanceolate-oblong,  of  a 
smooth  dark  green,  and  resemble  the  leaves  of  laurel. 
They  are  generally  entire  (not  cut),  and  end  in  an 
abrupt  point.  On  the  undersides  they  are  somewhat 
downy. 

A  lamp-post  stands  by  the  Drive  Crossing,  a  little 
further  along  the  Walk  here,  and  off  to  the  east  of 
it,  well  back  on  the  lawn,  are  black  cherry  (with 
rough  scaly  bark),  and  two  willow  oaks  east  of  it. 
The  oaks  you  know  at  once  by  their  willow-like  leaves. 
They  are  small  trees,  about  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  high 
now,  and  are  remarkably  healthy  in  every  respect. 
The  leaves  are  certainly  anything  but  oak-like  in  ap- 
pearance. The  willow  oak  belongs  to  the  sub-group  of 


i6o 

oaks  which  botanists  have  designated  as  the  thick- 
leaved  oaks,  which  are  almost  evergreen  in  the  South, 
but  are,  of  course,  deciduous  at  the  North.  This  group 
includes  the  water  oak,  the  barren  oak,  the  shingle  oak, 
the  upland  willow  oak  (Quercus  cinerea)  and  the 
willow  oak  (Quercus  phellos).  Of  this  group  the  only 
representatives  we  have  in  Central  Park  are  the  shingle 
oak  and  the  willow  oak,  both  of  which  are  in  this 
vicinity  as  has  been  stated. 

At  this  lamp  by  the  Drive,  we  cross  to  go  to  the  Ter- 
race where  we  will  find  many  very  beautiful  things, 
and  which  we  will  take  up,  in  detail,  in  the  next  ramble. 


-  —  -41 


-,::3->«  e 




6 

E 
33 


WVL^ 


Explanations,  Map  No.  6 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  American  Arbor  Vitae. 

2.  Chinese  Wistaria. 

3.  Pinxter   Flower,   Wild 

Honeysuckle,  Pink 
Azalea. 

4.  Caucasian  Azalea. 

5.  Japan  Judas  Tree. 

6.  Early  -  flowering  Jessa- 

mine. 

7.  Rhododendrons. 

8.  Staggerbush. 

9.  Red  Oak. 

10.  American  Beech. 

11.  Black  Cherry. 

12.  Japan  Plume  Grass. 

1 3 .  Plume-leaved  Japan  Arbor 

Vitas. 

14.  Thornless  Rose. 

15.  Japan  Zebra  Grass. 

1 6.  Althaea  or  Rose  of  Sharon. 

17.  Jacqueminot  Rose. 

18.  Japan  Aucuba. 

19.  Purple  Magnolia. 

20.  Japan  Quince. 

21.  Rhododendron.     (Ever- 

estianum.) 

22.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

23.  Kcelreuteria    or  Varnish 

Tree. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Thuya  Occidentals. 
Wistaria  Chinensis. 
Azalea  nudiflora. 


Azalea  Pontica. 
Cercis  Japonica. 
Jasminum  nudiflorum. 


Andromeda  mariana. 

Quercus  rubra. 

Fagus  ferruginea. 

Prunus  serotina. 

Eulalia  Japonica,  var.  gracil- 

lima  univittata. 
Chamacyparis     (or    Retinas- 

pora}  pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Rosa  Boursalti. 
Eulalia    Japonica,     var.    ze- 

brina. 

Hibiscus  Syriacus. 
Rosa     hybrida,      var.      Gen. 

Jacqueminot. 
Aucuba  Japonica. 
Magnolia  purpurea. 
Cydonia  Japonica. 
Rhododendron,  var.  Everestian- 

um. 

Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Kcelreuteria  paniculata. 


1 66 


COMMON  NAME 

24.  Paulownia. 

25.  Thunberg's  Barberry. 

26.  Russell's  Cottage  Rose. 

27.  Swamp  Magnolia.  Sweet 

Bay. 

28.  Stuartia. 

29.  White  Pine. 

30.  Mount  Atlas  or  African 

Cedar,  Silver  Cedar. 

31.  Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 

32.  Umbrella  Tree. 

33.  Cucumber  Tree. 

34.  Great-leaved  Magnolia. 

35.  European  or  Tree  Alder. 

36.  Cotton  wood   or   Carolina 

Poplar. 

37.  Weigela    (Light     pink 

flowers). 

38.  Rhodotypos. 

39.  Sassafras. 

40.  Pin  Oak. 

41.  Scarlet  Oak. 

42.  Black  Cherry. 

43.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

44.  Buttonbush. 

45.  Weeping  Willow. 

46.  Spicebush. 

47.  Alternate-leaved       Dog- 

wood. 

48.  English  Hawthorn  (Pink 

single  flowers). 

49.  Japan  Arbor  Vitae  (Pea- 

fruiting)  . 

50.  Irish  Yew. 

51.  Adam's  Needle. 

52.  Cut-leaved         European 

Beech. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Paulownia  imperialis. 

Berberis  Thunbergii. 

Rosa  hybrida,  var.    Russell's 

Cottage. 
Magnolia  glauca. 

Stuartia  pentagyna. 
Pinus  strobus. 
Cedrus  Atlantica. 

Catalpa  bignonioides. 

Magnolia  umbrella. 
Magnolia  acuminata. 
Magnolia  macro phylla. 
Alnus  glutinosa. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Diervilla  rosea. 

Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Sassafras  officinale. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Quercus  bicolor. 
Cephalanthus  Occidentalis. 
Salioc  Babylonica. 
Benzoin  benzoin. 
Cornus  alternifolia. 

Crat&gus  oxyacantha. 

Cham&cyparis  (or  Retinospora) 

pisifera. 

Taxas  baccata,  var.  fastigiata. 
Yucca  filamentosa. 
Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  laciniata. 


i67 


COMMON  NAME 

53.  Bhotan  Pine. 

54.  Swiss  Stone  Pine. 

55.  Tree  Box  or  Boxwood. 

56.  Cephalotaxus. 

57.  Scarlet  Oak. 

58.  Scaled  Juniper. 

59.  Holly-leaved      Barberry, 

Oregon  Barberry,  Ash- 
berry. 

60.  Garden  Hydrangea. 

6 1.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

62.  Variegated  Weigela. 

63.  Thunberg's  Barberry. 

64.  Siebold's  Barberry. 

65.  Ramanas    Rose     (White 

and  magenta  flowers). 

66.  Persian  Lilac. 

(Purple  flowers). 

67.  Common  Snowball  or 

Guelder  Rose. 

68.  High  Bush  Cranberry. 

69.  Carolina  Allspice,  Straw- 

berry   Shrub,    Sweet- 
Scented  Shrub. 

70.  Plume-leaved  Japan  Ar- 

bor Vitae. 

71.  Soulange's  Magnolia. 

72.  Rhododendrons.   (Various 

kinds.     See  text.) 

73.  English  Yew. 

74.  European  Holly. 

75.  Lovely  Azalea. 

76.  Flaming  Azalea. 

77.  Japan  Holly. 

78.  Great  Laurel,  Rose  Bay. 

79.  Virginia  Willow. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Pinus  excelsa. 
Pinus  Cembra. 
Buxus  sempervirens. 
Cephalataxus  Fortunei. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Juniperus  squamata. 
Mahonia  aquifolia. 


Hydrangea  hortensis. 
Crat&gus  crus-galli. 
Diervilla  rosea,  var.  foliis  vari- 

egatis. 

Berberis  Thunbergii. 
Berberis  Sieboldi. 
Rosa  rugosa. 

Syringa  Persica. 

Viburnum  opulis,  var.  sterilis. 

Viburnum  opulis. 
Calycanthus  floridus. 


ChamcBcyparis  (or  Retino- 
spord)  pisifera,  var.  plu- 
mosa. 

Magnolia  Soulangeana. 


Taxus  baccata. 

Ilex  aquifolium. 

Azalea  amcena. 

Azalea  calendulacea  (or  luted). 

Ilex  crenata. 

Rhododendron  maximum. 

Itea  Virginica. 


i68 


COMMON  NAME 

80.  Austrian  Pine. 

8 1.  Sugar  Maple. 

82.  Beach  Plum. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Pinus  Austriaca. 
Acer  saccharinum. 
Prunus  maritima. 


VI. 

THE  TERRACE 

The  Terrace  is  stately.  It  is  a  fitting  and  impos- 
ing introduction  to  the  Mall.  Its  whole  expression  is 
noble,  dignified,  large,  with  its  broad  stairways,  its 
open  esplanade  and  its  sweeps  of  greensward.  Stand 
here  and  look  northward.  The  beautiful  Bethesda 
Fountain  ripples  a  continuous  sheen  of  falling  silver, 
playing  with  rainbows  and  blown  at  times  into  sprays 
of  flying  diamonds  by  sudden  gusts  of  wind.  On  either 
side  the  velvet  lawns  lead  the  eyes  away  in  a  revel  of 
sunlit  green,  holding  them  here  and  there  by  the  blaze 
of  color  from  some  mass  of  bloom.  From  April  to 
the  end  of  June  this  spot  is  a  glory  of  richly  mingled 
hues,  the  flame  of  the  azalea,  the  splendid  outburst  of 
the  rhododendron,  the  lovely  hues  of  the  rose,  the  en- 
chanting festoons  of  the  Wistaria,  the  tender  and  gentle 
profusion  of  the  hawthorn's  sweet  flowers  follow  each 
other  in  charming  succession.  It  is  a  silent  symphony 
of  color,  and  the  eye  roves  over  it  with  a  joy  as  keen 
as  the  ear  delights  in  the  swelling  music  of  the 
orchestra. 

And  beyond  the  glittering  Fountain,  across  the  danc- 
ing waters  of  the  Lake,  you  look  into  the  restful 
depths  of  the  Ramble.  The  contrast  between  the 
ornate  and  the  simple  is  extreme,  yet  by  no  means 
jarring.  The  gaze  is  led  away  and  lost  almost  un- 


consciously,  from  the  suggestion  of  embrasure  and  em- 
bankment, garden  and  terrace  to  open  country  and  the 
heart  of  nature.  Beyond,  the  puffy  trees  roll  the  smoke 
of  the  woods,  and,  as  you  gaze,  you  lose  the  pomp  and 
stateliness  of  all  this  surrounding  architecture  of  wall 
and  staircase,  and  melt  away  into  the  serene  reverie 
that  steals  over  the  soul  in  the  contemplation  of  the 
face  of  Nature.  And  if  this  was  the  aim  of  the  archi- 
tect who  planned  this  noble  Terrace,  how  truly  did  he 
succeed ! 

And  now  let  us  see  some  of  the  beautiful  things 
gathered  here  with  so  much  taste  and  judgment.  We 
will  begin  our  ramble  at  the  easterly  corner  of  the 
Terrace  and  follow  the  Walk  that  enfolds  the  easterly 
side  of  the  Terrace,  like  an  arm.  The  wall  here  has 
five  large  "posts,"  which  will  serve  well  for  landmarks 
in  placing  the  things  we  pass.  Close  by  the  first  post 
(the  one  in  the  corner)  is  American  arbor  vibe,  with 
flat  leaf  sprays,  very  aromatic  when  rubbed  with  the 
fingers.  By  the  second  post  is  a  sprawling  mass  of 
Chinese  Wistaria,  and  off  a  little  to  the  northeast  of 
this  is  the  beautiful  Pinxter  (or  Pinkster)  flower  which 
blooms  before  its  leaves  appear,  whence  the  name  niidi- 
ftora.  This  is  in  April,  usually,  and  the  flowers  are 
of  a  lovely  rose  color,  in  terminal  umbels.  The  flower 
stems  and  the  funnel-form  corollas  are  very  hairy.  The 
leaves  are  alternate  and  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches ;  are  oblong  in  shape  and  acute  at  both  ends. 
Their  margins  are  very  beautiful,  under  the  glass, 
fringed  with  the  most  delicate  tiny  little  hairs.  Just 
back  of  this  Pinxter  flower,  to  the  southeast,  is  Cau- 


casian  azalea,  with  fragrant  yellow  flowers.  Close  by 
the  third  post  of  the  wall,  is  Japan  Judas  tree,  Cercis 
Japonica,  a  low  growth,  with  flowers  a  little  larger 
than  those  of  the  native  Judas  tree.  These  flowers  are 
purplish-red,  and  break  out  along  the  bare  branches 
in  dense  umbel-like  clusters,  before  the  leaves  appear. 
They  are  like  pea-flowers,  for  the  bush  belongs  to  the 
great  pulse  family.  The  leaves  differ  from  C.  Cana- 
densis  (the  native  Judas  tree)  in  having  a  richer  gloss, 
sharper  points  and  a  more  deeply  cut,  heart-shaped 
base.  Close  beside  the  C.  Japonica,  almost  at  the  foot 
of  the  third  post,  is  early-flowering  Jessamine,  with 
noticeably  angled  branches  of  clear  green.  It  has  very 
pretty  leaves,  easily  distinguished  by  their  being  in 
threes.  Its  flowers  are  like  those  of  the  Forsythia, 
golden  yellow,  very  early  in  spring.  Almost  due  north 
of  the  Pinxter  flower,  a  little  east  of  north,  is  Jacque- 
minot rose,  and  north  of  this,  Rose  of  Sharon.  Off  to 
the  westerly  side  of  the  Rose  of  Sharon  is  Japan  plume 
grass,  and  directly  in  line  with  these,  to  the  west,  in 
one,  two,  three  order,  are  Japan  zebra  grass,  with 
zebra-like  bands  of  white  and  green  across  the  leaves, 
then  Rosa  Boursalti  (a  thornless  rose),  and  Retinospora 
plumosa,  rising  up  close  by  the  staircase  that  flanks 
the  easterly  side  of  the  Terrace.  By  the  fourth  post 
of  the  wall  is  another  sprawling  mass  of  Chinese  Wis- 
taria, then  Retinospora  plumosa,  and  close  by  the  fifth 
and  last  post  of  the  wall  which  is  at  the  steps,  you  will 
find  Japan  Aucuba,  with  spotted  leaves,  and  the  beauti- 
ful Magnolia  pur  pur  ea  beside  it.  This  magnolia  is  a 


172 

low  bush,  a  dwarf,  and  bears  deep  dark  crimson-purple 
flowers  in  April. 

Going  down  the  steps  here,  at  your  right,  is  a  fine 
mass  of  the  Japan  hedgebindweed.  About  half  way 
around  the  curve  of  the  path  here  as  it  swings  westerly 
toward  the  Esplanade  and  Bethesda  Fountain,  you  will 
find,  on  your  left,  a  pretty  cluster  of  the  Russell's  Cot- 
tage Rose.  It  blooms  with  beautiful  clear  magenta 
flowers.  Just  before  you  came  to  this,  you  passed  a 
good-sized  swamp  magnolia,  with  leaves  very  whitish 
(glauca)  on  the  undersides.  Following  on,  you  will 
find  out  upon  the  rise  of  lawn,  at  your  right,  two 
shrubs  quite  close  together.  One  of  these,  the  easterly, 
you  have  met  many  times  before,  on  these  rambles; 
the  westerly  one  you  meet  here  for  the  first  time.  The 
easterly  is  fly-honeysuckle,  known  by  the  cusp  at  the 
tips  of  its  leaves,  and  ragged,  tattered  branches.  The 
westerly  shrub  is  Stuartia.  It  gets  its  name  from  John 
Stuart,  Earl  of  Bute,  and  is  worthy  of  some  attention, 
as  you  will  not  find  many  of  these  in  the  Park.  It 
belongs  to  the  Camellia  or  Tea  family  (Ternstrcemia- 
cecc).  Its  leaves  are  oval,  thick,  pointed  at  the  tip  and 
base,  and  set  alternately  on  the  branches.  In  July 
its  cream-white  flowers,  very  much  like  the  Camellia, 
break  out  on  solitary  short  pedicils  (stems),  nearly 
sessile  (stemless),  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  These 
flowers  are  fairly  large,  two,  three  to  four  inches  wide, 
and  each  has,  generally,  five  petals  very  prettily  crimped 
about  the  edges.  These  flowers  are  succeeded  by  five- 
angled  pods  which  are  ripe  in  autumn. 

As  the  Walk  comes  out  upon  the  Esplanade,  at  your 


right,  is  a  splendid  mass  of  the  handsome  Rhodotypos 
with  its  glossy,  deep  purple  berries  in  September,  and 
on  your  left,  is  Thunberg's  barberry,  with  its  rich 
brilliant  crimson  berries,  gemming  its  dainty  stems  at 
the  same  time  of  year.  Take  now  the  walk  that  breaks 
off  to  the  east  from  the  Esplanade,  to  the  Boat  House. 
Just  beyond  the  Rhodotypos  you  will  find  beach  plum. 
This,  in  April  or  May  covers  its  bare  branches  with 
white  clusters  of  flowers  in  side  umbels.  After  it 
flowers,  the  leaves  appear,  downy,  pale  green  on  the 
undersides,  but  shining  on  the  uppersides.  They  are 
set  alternately,  are  ovate,  about  three  inches  long,  and 
sharply  serrate.  The  fruit  is  a  round  purple  berry 
powdered  over  with  a  bloom,  and  is  ripe  in  September. 
As  you  proceed  toward  the  Boat  House  you  pass,  on 
your  right,  near  the  Walk,  cucumber  tree  of  the  mag- 
nolia family,  with  thin  leaves  from  five  to  ten  inches 
long  which  are  generally  pointed  at  both  ends.  Off  to 
the  southeast  of  this  tree,  well  out  upon  the  lawn,  is  a 
good-sized  evergreen  with  noticeably  vase-like  form  of 
growth  to  its  branches.  For  some  reason  it  is  not 
doing  over  well,  but  it  is  a  fair  specimen  of  the  Mount 
Atlas  Cedar.  Its  leaves  are  crowded  together  in  rosette- 
like  clusters  along  the  branches,  and  the  leaves  them- 
selves are  about  an  inch  long,  round,  stiffish  and  sharp 
pointed.  They  are  of  a  glaucous-green  hue  which 
gives  a  beautiful  silvery  effect  to  the  otherwise  dark- 
green  foliage.  Indeed  this  tree  is  considered  by  bot- 
anists but  a  silvery  variety  of  the  Cedar  of  Lebanon, 
a  good  specimen  of  which  will  be  found  on  Section 
No.  10  of  this  book.  A  little  beyond,  but  on  your  left 


174 

now,  you  pass  two  very  good  specimens  of  the  great- 
leaved  magnolia.  You  can  tell  them  at  once  by  their 
very  large  (often  three  feet  long)  leaves,  crowded  close 
at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  In  shape  they  are  ob- 
long, and  narrow  gradually  down  from  a  broad  upper 
part  to  a  cordate  base.  They  are  of  a  bright  clear 
green,  but  whitish  on  the  undersides.  The  flowers  of 
these  trees  are  large  also — about  a  foot  wide,  cream- 
white  except  for  a  purplish  cast  at  the  base.  They 
are  very  fragrant.  A  little  to  the  northeast  of  these 
is  another  magnolia.  This  is  umbrella  tree,  which  you 
met  with  before,  on  Section  No.  3  near  the  Arsenal. 
Note  the  umbrella-way  its  leaves  hang  at  the  ends  of 
its  branches.  Due  north  of  this  tree,  close  by  the 
Lake,  is  Virginia  willow.  It  is  an  interesting  shrub, 
with  white  flowers  in  May  or  June,  in  close  terminal 
racemes  that  put  you  in  mind  of  the  sweet  pepper 
bush.  The  individual  flowers  have  five  petals,  five 
stamens,  and  a  five-lobed  calyx.  Its  leaves  are  simple 
and  alternate,  acute  at  the  tip,  wedge-shaped  at  the 
base.  The  fruit  is  a  two-celled  pod.  It  belongs  to 
the  Saxifrage  family,  and  gets  its  name  from  the  Greek 
word  for  willow,  from  the  resemblance  of  its  leaves  to 
those  of  the  willow.  A  tree  alder  stands  a  little  west 
of  this,  overhanging  the  Lake  and  easily  known  by  its 
"cones"  and  leaves  somewhat  cut-in  at  the  top.  West 
of  the  alder  is  cottonwood.  Should  you  continue  to- 
ward the  Boat  House,  at  the  junction  of  the  Walk 
beyond,  there  are  two  good  specimens  of  American 
beech  with  a  black  cherry  opposite  them. 

Let  us  now  consider  the  westerly  side  of  the  Ter- 


GREAT-LEAVED  MAGNOLIA    (Magnolia  macrophylla) 
Map  6.     No.  34. 


race,  beginning  at  the  Esplanade,  northwesterly  corner, 
by  the  Walk  that  leads  to  Bow  Bridge.  Two  lovely 
little  English  hawthorns  with  dainty  pink  single  flowers 
burst  out  into  bloom  here,  in  May  days,  and  near 
them  you  will  find  alternate-leaved  dogwood.  Some 
cockspur-thorns  lean  out  to  you  in  the  point  between 
the  Walks  here.  You  know  them  by  their  thorns  and 
wedge-shaped  leaves.  Back  of  the  southerly  cockspur, 
hidden  away  in  the  masses  of  shrubbery  here,  is  a 
lusty  specimen  of  Elceagmts  longipes.  It  has  reddish- 
brown  branches,  ovate  leaves.  Its  flowers  are  yel- 
lowish-white from  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  and  the 
fruits  are  bright  scarlet  berries  on  long  stems.  The 
berries,  when  young,  are  covered  with  brown  scales, 
and  are  ripe  in  June  or  July.  The  shrub  is  an  im- 
portation from  China  and  Japan.  You  will  not  see 
this  unless  you  push  aside  the  bushes  here  and  look 
in  behind  them,  for  it  is  pretty  well  hidden  behind 
the  Thunberg's  barberry.  You  will  know  it  by  its 
leaves,  which  are  very  silvery  on  the  undersides.  The 
barberry  here  is  a  splendid  mass,  and  a  handsome 
display  in  September  when  its  bright  coral  berries 
sparkle  all  through  its  fine  leaves  with  the  gem- 
like  beauty  of  jewels.  At  the  extreme  end  of  the 
mass  of  the  Thunberg  is  Siebold's  barberry  from 
Manchuria  and  the  north  of  China,  with  more  droop- 
ing racemes  of  flowers  and  oblong  berries.  Con- 
tinuing along  the  Walk,  diagonally  across  on  your 
left,  are  three  shrubs,  close  together.  The  first  is 
Persian  lilac,  with  purple  flowers ;  the  second,  high 
bush  cranberrv  with  flat  broat  cvmes  of  white  flowers 


in  May,  and  brilliant,  translucent  red  berries  in  Sep- 
tember; the  third,  common  snowball  or  Guelder  Rose. 
Close  by  the  steps,  beyond,  is  garden  hydrangea, 
with  large  glossy  oval  leaves  of  light  green,  and  large 
heads  of  flowers  in  June.  The  hydrangea  gets  its 
name  from  two  Greek  words  meaning  water,  vase,  and 
these  refer  to  the  shape  of  its  fruit-pod.  Beside  the 
hydrangea  you  will  see  two  clumps  of  the  pretty 
holly-leaved  barberry.  You  recognize  it  at  once  by 
its  spiny  leaves.  It  gets  its  botanical  name  from 
Bernard  McMahon.  In  early  spring  its  flowers  ap- 
pear in  close,  erect  clusters  of  yellow  racemes,  and 
these  are  succeeded  by  blue-black  berries  which  are 
covered  with  a  glaucous  bloom  (powder).  Surely, 
the  holly-like  leaves  are  very  beautiful.  Let  us  as- 
cend the  little  run  of  steps  here  and  follow  the  wall 
around  the  westerly  arm  of  the  Terrace.  This  wall, 
like  its  easterly  companion,  has  five  "posts"  which 
will  serve  us  very  nicely  in  locating  our  botanical  pets 
here.  By  the  first  post  is  Retinospora  plumosa,  whose 
fine  feathery  leaves  you  have  learned  to  know,  on  sight, 
now,  and  south  of  it,  about  midway  between  the  first 
and  second  post,  is  Magnolia  Soulangeana,  with  hand- 
some cream-white  flowers,  softly  flushed  with  pinkish 
purple  on  the  outside,  deepening  at  the  base  of  the 
corolla.  By  the  second  post  is  English  yew.  Then 
a  mass  of  hybrid  rhododendrons  flank  off  to  south- 
east of  this.  These  rhododendrons  are  mostly  of  the 
rosy-lilac  variety,  Everestianum.  But  the  whole  bed 
here,  all  along  the  front  of  the  wall,  (and  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Terrace  as  well)  is  planted  with 


177 

many  varieties  of  hybrid  rhododendrons.  Among 
them  are  Blandyanum  (rosy-crimson  flowers),  John 
Waterer  (dark  crimson),  Album  Elegans  (blush  chang- 
ing to  white),  Album  Grandiflorum  (blush),  Caracta- 
cus  (rich  purplish  crimson),  Minnie  (blush  white  with 
spots  of  chocolate  in  the  throat),  H.  H.  Hunnewell 
(rich  dark  crimson),  Charles  Bagley  (cherry  red), 
Charles  Dickens  (dark  scarlet),  Mrs.  Milner  (rich 
crimson)  and  H.  W.  Sargent  (crimson). 

By  the  third  post  you  will  see  a  tall,  handsome  mass 
of  European  holly,  with  its  dark  green,  glossy  leaves 
fairly  blazing  with  white  light  in  the  fall  sunshine,  stiff 
and  set  so  bravely  with  spines.  We  all  love  it !  How 
beautifully  crimped  and  curled  are  its  leaves!  Note, 
too,  the  whitish  translucent  margins  of  the  leaves.  Be- 
side the  gloss,  the  luster  and  fire  of  these  leaves,  the 
leaves  of  our  native  holly  are  dull  and  dead.  There  is 
another  mass  of  this  close  by  the  fourth  post.  Near 
this  mass  are  handsome  plantings  of  the  Azalea  amcena, 
beautiful  in  April,  with  its  lovely  magenta-colored  flow- 
ers. Beside  these  is  Azalea  calendulacea,  with  burning, 
fire-red,  yellowish  flowers,  well  named,  the  flaming 
azalea.  In  between  the  fourth  and  the  fifth  posts  you 
will  find  English  yew  (close  by  the  fourth  post),  and 
a  little  off  to  northeast  of  it  Japan  holly.  This  has  very 
small,  oval  leaves,  and  at  first  glance  you  might  think 
it  box.  But  look  at  its  small  leaves  closely  and  you  will 
see  the  small  tell-tale  spines  of  the  holly.  Beside  this, 
off  to  its  northeast,  is  Rhododendron  maximum,  and 
then  two  more  clumps  of  Japan  holly.  North  of  these 
is  a  pretty  mass  of  the  holly-leaved  barberry,  with  its 


pinnate,  spiny  leaves.  Directly  east  of  the  holly-leaved 
barberry,  close  by  the  steps,  is  a  young  Paulownia.  This 
brings  us  to  the  completion  of  our  circuit  around  the 
Terrace.  Bue  before  leaving,  let  me  call  to  your  atten- 
tion the  handsome  Swiss  stone  pine,  on  the  high  ground 
that  overlooks  the  west  arm  of  the  Terrace.  It  is  a 
conical  tree,  with  dense,  close  foliage,  that  has  an  almost 
furry  look.  Should  you  get  near  enough  to  it  to  ex- 
amine its  leaves,  you  will  find  that  they  are  five  in  a 
cluster,  and  that  each  leaf  is  distinctly  triangular,  with 
a  glaucous  bloom  on  the  sides.  Back  of  this  fine  tree, 
about  half  way  between  it  and  the  lamp  by  the  Walk 
that  leads  over  to  the  Concourse  by  the  Lake,  are  two 
sturdy  Bhotan  pines  (leaves  in  fives,  but  very  long,  ten 
inches  or  more).  North  of  these,  just  where  the  high 
ground  begins  to  sink  in  a  hollow,  are  two  specimens  of 
Retinospora  pisifera,  with  fiat,  gridiron  leaf-sprays. 

Where  the  Walk  to  the  Concourse  springs  away 
from  the  West  Terrace  Walk,  near  the  steps,  you  will 
find  another  Swiss  stone  pine.  Opposite  it  is  a  goodly 
scarlet  oak,  with  bristle-tipped  leaves.  Close  by  the 
Swiss  stone  pine,  in  a  low  creeping  mass,  like  thick 
moss,  stealing  here  and  there  over  the  rocks,  in  lovely 
abandon,  is  the  beautiful  scaled  juniper,  of  a  light 
clear  green.  Its  leaves  are  in  threes,  fine  and  silvery, 
and  hug  close  in  to  the  stems,  in  a  thick,  dense  mass 
which  gives  the  matted  effect  of  moss.  It  is  certainly 
beautiful — a  lovely  tapestry  for  rocks.  By  the  lamp, 
on  this  Walk,  you  will  find  a  broad-boughed,  handsome 
cut-leaved  European  beech. 


Explanations,  Map  No.  7 


9- 
10. 
ii. 

12. 

J3- 
14. 


18. 
19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23- 
24. 

25- 
26. 
27. 
28. 


COMMON  NAME. 

Pignut  Hickory. 
Mockernut  or  Whiteheart 

Hickory. 

Shagbark  Hickory. 
Dwarf  or  Large-racemed 

Horsechestnut. 
Black  Cherry. 
American  Beech. 
Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted. 
Pin  Oak. 
Bhotan  Pine. 
Douglas  Spruce. 
Scotch  Pine. 
Colorado  Blue  Spruce. 
White  Pine. 
White  Oak. 
Scarlet  Oak. 
Black  Oak. 


BOTANICAL  NAME. 

Carya  porcina. 
Gary  a  tomentosa. 

Carya  alba. 

ALsculus  macrostachya. 

Prunus  serotina. 

Fagus  ferruginea. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua. 

Quercus  palustris. 

Pinus  excelsa. 

Pseudotsuga  Douglasii. 

Pinus  sylvestris. 

Picea  pungens. 

Pinus  strobus. 

Quercus  alba. 

Quercus  coccinea. 

Quercus     coccinea,     var.  tinc- 

toria. 

Magnolia  Soulongeana. 
Hamamelis  Virginiana. 
Sassafras  offlcinale. 
Tamarix  Gallica. 
Hamamelis  Virginiana. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Quercus  stellata. 
Cryptomeria  Japonica. 
Ailanthus  glandulosus. 


Soulange's  Magnolia. 

Witch  Hazel. 

Sassafras. 

French  Tamarisk. 

Witch  Hazel. 

Pin  Oak. 

Post  Oak. 

Japan  Cedar. 

Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 
Bird   Cherry,    Mazzard        Prunus  amum. 

Cherry. 
Chinese  White  Magnolia     Magnolia  conspicua. 

or  Yulan. 
Catesby's   Andromeda 

mixed  in  with  "Lovely 

Azalea." 
Rhododendrons,     mostly 

"  Everestianum. " 


Andromeda  Catesbai  and  Aza- 
lea amcena. 


1 84 


31- 
32. 
33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 

37- 

38. 


39- 

40. 
41. 


42. 
43- 

44- 
45- 


46. 

47- 

48. 
49- 
50. 
Si- 
52. 

53- 
54- 

II: 

57- 


58- 


COMMON  NAME 

Pin  Oak. 

Weeping  Willow. 
English  Hawthorn. 
English  Yew. 
Cockspur  Thorn. 
European  Bird  Cherry. 
American  Chestnut. 

Flowering  Dogwood. 
Plume-leaved    Japan  Ar- 
bor Vitae  or  Retinospora. 


Scarlet-fruited   Thorn, 
White  Thorn. 

American  Holly. 

Common  Swamp  Blue- 
berry, High-bush  Blue- 
berry. 

Shrub  Yellowroot. 

Fortune's  Cephalotaxus. 

Arrowwood. 

White  Swamp  Honey- 
suckle, White  Azalea, 
Clammy  Azalea. 

Rhododendrons,  mostly 
"Everestianum." 

Wild     Red     Osier, 
Osier  Dogwood. 

Persimmon. 

Red  Maple. 

Staghorn  Sumac. 

Mountain  Laurel. 

Shadbush,  June  Berry  or 
Service  Berry. 

Sweet  Bay  or  Swamp 
Magnolia. 

Japan  Spindle  Tree. 

Spicebush. 

Hackberry,  Sugarberry, 
Nettle  Tree. 

Sassafras,  with  Climbing 
Hydrangea  growing  on 
it. 

Indian  Bean  Tree  or 
Southern  Catalpa. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

•cus  palustris. 
'alix  Baby  Ionic  a. 

Cratcegus  oxyacantha. 

Taxus  baccata. 

Cratagus  crus-galli. 

Prunus  padus. 

Castanea  sativa,  var.  Ameri- 
cana. 

Cornus  florida. 

ChamcEcyparis  (or  Retinos- 
pora) pisifera,  var.  plum- 
osa. 

Cratcegus  coccinea. 

Ilex  opaca. 

Vaccinium  corymbosum. 


Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 
Cephalotaxus  Fortunii. 
Viburnum  dentatum. 
Azalea  viscosa. 


Red     Cornus  stolonifera. 


Diospyros  Virginiana. 
Acer  rubrum. 
Rhus  typhina. 
Kalmia  latifolia. 
Amelanchies  Canadensis. 

Magnolia  glauca. 

Euonymus  Japonicus. 
Benzoin  benzoin. 
Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Sassafras  officinale ^,with  Schiz- 
ophragma  hydrangeoides. 

Catalpa  bignonioides. 


COMMON  NAME 

59.  Kentucky- Coffee  Tree. 

60.  White  Pine. 

6 1.  Cucumber  Tree. 

62.  American  White  Ash. 

63.  Sweetbrier. 

64.  Hemlock. 

65.  Mountain  Maple. 

66.  Tartarian  Maple,  variety 

Ginnala. 

67.  Corylopsis. 

68.  Umbrella  Tree. 


69. 
70. 

71- 
72. 

73- 
74- 

75- 
76. 

77- 

78. 

79- 
80. 
81. 

82. 

83- 
84. 

85- 
86. 

87. 
88. 
89. 
90. 

91. 
92. 

93- 
94- 
95- 
96. 


Silverbell  Tree. 

Persian  Lilac. 

American  Arbor  Vitae. 

Snowberry  or  Waxberry. 

Paulo  wnia. 

Paper  or  Canoe  Birch. 

Yellow  Birch. 

Weeping  European  Beech. 

Common     Lilac     (Purple 
flowers) . 

Japan  Pagoda  Tree. 

Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

Great-leaved  Magnolia. 

Sweet  Bay  or  Swamp  Mag- 
nolia. 

Western  Yellow  Pine. 

European  Larch. 

European  Linden. 

Bladder  Senna. 

Silver  or  White  Maple. 

Osage  Orange. 

Flowering  Dogwood. 

Lovely  Azalea. 

Mockernut  or  Whiteheart 
Hickory. 

Black  Cherry. 

Cherry     Birch,     Sweet, 
Birch,  Black  Birch. 

Tulip  Tree. 

Fragrant  Honeyuckle. 

Red  Oak. 

Missouri  Currant,  Golden 
or  Buffalo  Currant. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Gymnocladus  Ganadensis. 

Pinus  strobus. 

Magnolia  acuminata. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 

Rosa  rubiginosa. 

Tsuga  Canadensis. 

Acer  spicatum. 

Acer  Tartaricum,  var.  Ginnala. 

Corylopsis  spicata. 
Magnolia  umbrella  (or  tripe- 

tala). 

Halesia  tetraptera. 
Syringa  Persica. 
Thuya  Occidentalis. 
Symphoricarpus  racemosus. 
Paulownia  imperialis. 
Betula  papyrifera. 
Betula  lutea. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  pendula. 
Syringa  vulgaris. 

Sophora  Japonica. 
Caragana  arborescens. 
Magnolia  macrophylla. 
Magnolia  glauca.. 

Pinus  ponderosa. 
Larix  Euro  pee  a. 
Tilia  Europcea. 
Colutea  arborescens. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Maclura  aurantiaca. 
Cornus  ftorida. 
Azalea  amcena. 
Carya  tomentosa. 

Prunus  serotina. 
Betula  lenta. 

Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Ribes  aureum. 


186 


COMMON  NAME 


BOTANICAL  NAME 


97.  Purple-flowering    Rasp-     Rubus  odoratus. 

berry. 

98.  Slippery  Elm. 

99.  Austrian  Pine. 

100.  Catesby's  Andromeda. 


10 1.  Globe     Flower,     Japan 

Rose  or  Kerria  (varie- 
gated leaves). 

102.  Mock  Orange  or  Sweet 

Syringa. 

103.  European  White  Birch. 

104.  Washington  Thorn. 

105.  Bush    Deutzia    (Variety 

" Pride  of  Rochester"). 

1 06.  Pink  or  Purple  Azalea, 

Pinxter  Flower,  Wild 
Honeysuckle. 

107.  Dockmackie    or    Maple- 

leaved  Arrow  wood. 

108.  Swamp  Hickory,  Bitter- 

nut. 

109.  Common  Lilac, 
no.  Pin  Oak. 


Ulmus  fulva. 
Finns  Austriaca. 
Andromeda      (or     Leucothoe) 

Catesb&i. 
Kerria  Japonic  a,    var.    foliis 
variegatis. 


Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Betula  alba. 

Cratagus  cordata. 

Deutzia  crenata,  var.  Pride  of 

Rochester. 
Azalea  nudiftora. 


Viburnum  acerifolium. 
Carya  amara. 

Syringa  vulgar  is. 
Quercus  palustris. 


VII. 

THE  RAMBLE 

The  Ramble!  How  altogether  lovable  it  is!  There 
is  always  some  spot  in  every  park  that  is  invested  with 
a  peculiar  charm.  Some  subtilty  of  seclusion  and  beauty 
which  draws  the  nature  lover  to  its  haunts.  Its  very 
air  is  full  of  contentment  and  peace  and  rest  from  the 
whirlpool  of  life  that  is  seething  in  the  great  city  be- 
yond. Such  a  spot  surely  is  the  Ramble.  Its  quiet 
nooks,  its  easy  paths  wandering,  seemingly  without 
thought,  beside  the  still  waters  of  the  Lake  or  some 
sleeping  pool  over  which  the  grasses  and  reeds  bend 
to  see  their  images ;  these  beguile  the  very  spirit  from 
you  and  set  free  the  swift,  aspiring  thoughts  in  new 
flights  like  the  rush  of  birds  skyward. 

Come  here  in  the  spring,  when  the  smell  of  earth 
mold  rises  with  a  fragrance  that  cannot  be  described ; 
when  the  dazzling  April  sun  sends  a  glisten  of  silver 
over  the  fallen  leaves  or  touches  crisp,  dry  branches  of 
the  leafless  trees  with  a  flame  of  crystal  fire;  or  when 
the  drowsy  summer  stirs  with  gentle  breezes  that  sift  in 
from  the  Lake,  softly  touching  all  the  leaves  to  whis- 
pering music ;  when  birds  shoot  through  the  green  like 
bolts  of  light,  when  the  cicada  startles  the  serene  silence 
with  his  rattle.  But,  I  think,  this  spot  is  loveliest, 
perhaps,  on  one  of  the  soft,  hazy,  Indian-summer  days 


i88 

of  the  autumn,  when  the  trees  are  rustling  their  rich- 
est robes  of  crimson  and  gold,  when  the  air,  almost 
silent,  trembles  with  the  subdued  hum  of  insects  and 
the  mellow  haze  of  faint,  gray  purple  mists  wreathe 
the  trees  and  lake  with  the  witchery  of  their  mystery. 
Come  here  then  and  let  the  loveliness  of  the  place  move 
through  you  as  the  mists  move  through  the  trees,  still- 
ing you  with  the  serene  communion  with  dreaming 
Nature  that  is  indeed  beyond  the  power  of  words  to 
tell.  The  soft,  golden  sunshine  falls  upon  you  with  a 
gentle  warmth,  as  if  caressing  you,  the  trees  rustle, 
the  crimson  and  yellow  leaves  float  gently  down  about 
you  like  the  quiet  thoughts  of  an  idle  reverie.  All  is 
hushed,  subdued,  mellowed.  No  harsh  note  comes  to 
you.  The  very  voices  of  the  passers-by  are  softened, 
as  if  the  scene  possessed  some  subtle  power  of  enchant- 
ment to  enforce  silence.  If  you  have  aught  of  artist 
or  poet  in  you,  and  every  one  has  or  should  have,  come 
to  this  lovely  spot  when  autumn  is  hanging  about  it  its 
dream  veils  and  do  thou  sit  here  and  dream  too.  Let 
the  city  with  its  cares  float  away  in  its  enfolding  mists 
while  you  sit  here  amid  the  falling  leaves,  the  warm, 
golden  sunshine  and  the  subdued  colors  of  an  autumn 
day  and  live! 

In  'this  maze  of  winding  paths,  crossing  and  recross- 
ing  as  they  do,  it  is  quite  impossible  to  follow  out 
clearly  any  single  line  of  rambling.  Confusion  would 
most  certainly  result  from  any  such  attempt.  So  I  have 
pursued  in  the  treatment  of  this  chapter  the  plan  of  plot- 
ting, at  easily  distinguishable  points  on  the  map,  such  as 
crossings,  intersections  and  other  determinable  points, 


ft. 


189 

the  various  important  kinds  of  trees  and  shrubs  in  this 
section.  Of  these,  such  as  have  been  met  with  before  in 
other  rambles  are  not  here  described,  only  the  new 
varieties,  and  these  are : 

Acer  Spicatum.  (Mountain  Maple.  No.  65.)  Near 
the  handsome  shrub,  Corylopsis,  in  the  northeasterly 
part  of  the  Ramble,  a  little  off  from  the  Walk,  and  in 
behind  some  other  shrubs,  you  will  find  this  rather 
small  sample  of  the  maple  which  flings  its  glory  over 
country  roads.  You  will  have  no  difficulty  in  finding 
it  if  you  take  the  path  which  runs  almost  northerly  from 
the  junction  near  the  Corylopsis.  It  lies  a  few  feet  to 
the  right  of  the  Walk,  as  you  face  north,  about  half  a 
dozen  paces  from  the  junction,  and  nestles  very  shyly 
in  behind  the  clumps  here,  as  if  longing  for  the  retired 
haunts  of  wood  or  glen  or  shaded  roadside. 

The  mountain  maple  is  easily  identified  by  its  leaves. 
These  are  divided  into  three  tapering  lobes  above  the 
middle  of  the  leaf,  the  central  lobe  usually  extending 
out  further  than  the  side  lobes.  Sometimes  the  leaves 
are  five-lobed,  having  two  small  ones  at  the  base.  The 
bases  are  heart-shaped  (cordate)  and  the  leaves,  coarse- 
ly serrated,  are  downy  on  the  undersides.  These  soft, 
beautiful  leaves  swing  out  on  very  long  stems  (petioles') 
which  are  swollen  at  the  base.  In  June  you  can  look  for 
this  tree's  flowers,  greenish-yellow,  in  delicate  spikes  or 
panicles,  five  or  six  inches  long,  which  stand  up  conspic- 
uously amid  the  beautiful  flowers.  These  erect  or 
slightly  nodding  panicles  look  almost  fuzzy  at  a  little 
distance  away,  but  when  you  get  the  hand  glass  on  them 
you  can  see  that  they  are  made  up  of  clusters  of  the 


I90 

most  delicate  little  flowers  with  five-petalled  corollas. 
These  flowers  change  into  hanging  clusters  of  two- 
winged  seeds  which  are  bright  red  a  month  later.  But 
this  lovely  brilliant  red  cools  off  in  autumn  to  a  dull 
brown.  These  winged  seeds  or  "keys"  of  the  Acer 
spicatum  are  the  smallest  fruits  of  the  American  maples. 
The  tree  gets  its  name  spicatum  from  its  inflorescence, 
erect  panicles  or  spikes  of  bloom. 

Acer  Tartaricum,  var.  Ginnala.  (Tartarian  Maple, 
variety  Ginnala.  No.  66.)  Near  the  Corylopsis,  about 
southeast  of  it,  some  dozen  feet,  you  will  find  this  pretty 
maple,  the  Ginnala  variety  of  the  Tartarian  maple.  It 
is  not  very  high,  about  five  feet,  and  is  rather  a  shrub 
now.  You  can  pick  it  out  by  its  three-lobed  leaves,  the 
middle  one  longer.  Their  margins  are  doubly  serrated. 
Its  flowers  are  fragrant  and  yellow  and  appear  in  rather 
long-stemmed  panicles  which  are  very  beautiful.  This 
handsome  little  maple  is  an  importation  from  China  and 
Japan.  In  the  autumn  its  leaves  turn  a  brilliant  scarlet. 

JEsculus  macrostachya.  (Dwarf  or  Long-racemed 
Horsechestnut.  No.  4.)  If  you  take  the  path  which 
leads  off  northerly  from  Bow  Bridge,  you  will  find,  on 
your  right,  near  the  first  fork  of  the  Walk,  a  handsome 
cluster  of  these  dwarf  horsechestnuts.  They  can  be 
known  easily  by  their  low  growths,  level,  shelf-like 
habit  of  foliage,  and  by  their  palmate  leaves.  These 
shrubs  get  the  botanical  name  macrostachya  from  two 
Greek  words,  macros,  long,  and  stachus,  spike ;  in  refer- 
ence to  their  flowers,  which  shoot  up  in  long,  conspic- 
ious  spikes  of  white  bloom.  These  fairly  cover  the 
shrubs  with  their  tapering  cones  of  florescence  in  July. 


But  you  can  know  the  shrub  when  not  in  flower  by  its 
easily  distinguishable  dwarf  form  and  its  handsome, 
beautifully  smooth  palmately  compound  leaves,  made 
up  of  five  to  seven  leaflets.  These  leaflets  are  oval- 
oblong  in  shape,  very  smooth  on  the  uppersides,  but 
hairy  on  the  underside.  They  are  set  close  to  the  leaf 
stem,  that  is,  botanically,  are  nearly  sessile.  This  dwarf 
horsechestnut  is  certainly  a  beautiful  shrub  for  massing 
effects,  and  its  midsummer  bloom,  fairly  bursting  with 
its  horns  of  snow,  makes  it  a  lovely  pathside  joy  to  the 
city  park  rambler,  jaded  from  the  dust  and  glare  of  city 
streets. 

Andromeda  (or  Leucothoe}  Catesbsei.  (Catesby's 
Andromeda.  No.  28.)  In  the  early  days  of  spring,  the 
frost  white,  tiny,  little  urn-shaped  flowers  of  the  An- 
dromeda are  among  the  loveliest  sights  of  the  season. 
Down  by  the  Terrace  we  found  the  staggerbush  (An- 
dromeda Mariana),  here  in  the  Ramble  we  have  fine 
masses  of  Catesby's  Andromeda,  differing  from  the 
Mariana  in  having  more  pointed  leaves.  Catesby's  An- 
dromeda is  a  low-growing,  spreading  evergreen  shrub 
with  thick,  leathery  leaves,  taper  pointed,  and  swinging 
on  short  stems.  The  leaves  have  almost  the  dark  gloss 
of  laurel  on  the  uppersides,  but  on  the  undersides  are  of 
a  pale,  dull,  lifeless  green,  in  strong  contrast  with  the 
lustrous  and  vigorous  hue  of  the  uppersides.  The  leaves 
are  ovate-lanceolate  in  shape,  roundish  at  the  base,  but 
tapering  down  to  a  point  at  the  tips.  They  are  sharply 
serrulate,  and  are  on  leaf-stems  (petioles)  of  about  half 
an  inch  long.  When  young  these  leaf-stems  have  quite  a 
reddish  cast  over  their  green.  The  flowers  of  the  shrub 


I92 

are  very  beautiful,  breaking  out  in  April  in  dense,  ra- 
cemed  clusters  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  The  indi- 
vidual flowers  are  urn-shaped,  frost  or  wax  white,  with 
a  five-toothed  corolla  and  ten  tiny  little  stamens  with 
golden  heads.  There  is  a  daintiness,  a  fineness,  about 
the  little  flowers  which  goes  right  to  the  heart.  The 
little  dense  clusters  make  you  think  of  lilies  of  the 
valley. 

You  will  find  one  good  sized  mass  of  this  shrub  very 
near  the  lamp-post  which  stands  close  by  the  rustic  rail 
of  the  path  leading  into  the  little  Summer  House,  in  the 
middle  of  the  southerly  part  of  the  Ramble.  The  mass 
is  just  back  of  a  magnificent  clump  of  Azalea  amoena. 
The  Azalea  is  in  the  right  hand  corner,  as  you  go  from 
the  Summer  House  to  the  path  north  of  it.  You 
cannot  mistake  it. 

Azalea  viscosa.  ( White  Swamp  Honeysuckle.  White 
Azalea.  Clammy  Azalea.  No.  45.)  Close  by  the  high- 
bush  blueberries,  near  the  south-middle  of  the  Ramble, 
you  will  find  this  honeysuckle  or  azalea.  It  is  a  late 
bloomer,  and  you  can  look  for  it  the  last  of  June  or 
early  in  July.  Its  flowers  are  very  fragrant  and  of  a 
lovely  pale  pinkish  white.  Its  corolla  is  funnel-form, 
with  five  flaring  lobes.  You  will  know  its  flowers  at 
once  by  the  sticky,  clammy  pubescence  which  covers 
stem  and  tube.  These  flowers  are  in  end  clusters  or 
umbels.  The  branches  of  the  shrub  are  very  bristly 
and  hairy.  The  leaves  are  simple,  about  four  inches 
long,  and  set  alternately  on  the  branch,  often  crowded  at 
the  ends  of  the  branches.  They  are  oblanceolate,  entire, 
with  margins  hairy  and  bristle  tipped  ends,  pale  green 


193 

on  the  uppersides,  glaucous  below  and  pubescent.  The 
fruit  is  a  bristly  capsule.  The  shrub  belongs  to  the 
heath  family. 

Betula  lenta.  (Cherry  Birch.  Sweet  Birch.  Black 
Birch.  No.  92.)  In  the  northwesterly  part  of  the  Ram- 
ble, on  the  westerly  skirts  of  the  open  lawn  that  rolls  its 
velvety  green  to  the  south  of  the  Reservoir,  you  will 
find  two  of  these  handsome  birches  on  either  side  of  a 
lordly  tulip  tree.  If  you  take  the  path  that  bends  to  the 
right  (south)  as  you  pass  the  Missouri  currant  and  the 
Siberian  pea  tree,  you  will  come  upon  this  noble  com- 
pany of  three,  just  before  you  meet  the  next  fork  of  the 
Walk. 

The  sweet  or  cherry  birch  has  a  graceful  trunk,  lithe 
as  a  young  Indian,  polished  glossy  brown,  but  rough- 
ened by  horizontal  lines  of  dots  that  make  you  think  of 
phonographic  records.  Could  we  swing  a  horn  upon 
these  and  set  them  spinning,  what  harmonies  of  wind 
and  weather  should  we  hear !  What  woodland  secrets ! 
Music  of  brooks,  whispers  of  rustling  leaves,  the  song 
and  dance  of  light,  and  the  clear,  white  shine  of  the 
stars ! 

This  birch  gets  its  common  name,  "cherry  birch," 
from  the  rather  close  resemblance  of  its  bark  to  that  of 
the  garden  cherry  (Primus  cerasus),  and  the  name 
"sweet  birch"  from  its  aromatic  bark.  This  is  the  birch 
that  gives  us  that  delicious  brew,  so  refreshing  to  our 
lips  on  summer  days — the  "birch  beer"  of  the  moun- 
tains ! 

You  can  easily  identify  the  tree  by  its  bark  and  leaves. 
Both  are  sweetly  aromatic.  The  bark  is  mahogany 


194 

brown,  lustrous,  close-fitting,  not  peeling  away  in 
shreds  like  other  birches.  It  is  noticeably  marked  with 
horizontal  lines  of  dots  (lenticels).  The  leaves,  usually 
about  three  inches  long,  are  soft  and  tender,  ovate  or 
oblong-ovate,  with  heart-shaped  bases  and  tapering 
points.  On  the  lower  portions  of  the  branches  they  are 
two  together,  but  near  the  ends  occur  alternately.  They 
are  straight-veined,  finely  serrate,  of  a  bright,  shining 
green  on  the  uppersides,  but  paler  beneath.  Early  in 
the  spring  this  tree  flowers,  and  if  you  come  upon  it 
then,  all  lace  hung  with  its  golden  catkins,  you  will 
surely  have  to  stop  and  let  your  delighted  eyes  rove 
over  such  exquisite  beauty.  These  pendant  golden 
catkins  contain  the  staminate  or  pollen-bearing  flowers. 
The  fruit-bearing  or  pistillate  catkins  are  erect  and 
rather  inconspicuous.  The  fruic  is  about  an  inch  long, 
cylindrical,  erect,  with  rounded  ends  and  spreading, 
resinous  scales.  On  old  trees  the  bark  has  somewhat 
of  a  grayish  cast  and  the  lovely  smoothness  of  the 
younger  trees  is  broken  into  scaly  plates,  loose  at  one 
end,  and  scaling  off  in  large  sheets.  I  love  to  look 
upon  the  lustrous  bark  of  the  young  cherry  birch. 

Carya  amara.  (Swamp  Hickory.  Bitter  nut.  No. 
108.)  As  you  go  southerly  from  the  Cryptomerias, 
there  is  an  extremely  interesting  tree  that  stands  at  the 
bend  of  the  path  where  it  turns  to  the  east  at  the  first 
fork,  south  of  the  Cryptomerias.  The  tree  is  a  hickory 
and  a  very  interesting  one,  for,  so  far  as  I  know,  it  is 
the  only  one  of  its  kind  in  the  Park.  That  you  may  find 
it  without  fail,  the  path,  as  it  bends  easterly,  passes  over 
an  arm  of  the  pool. 


195 

The  tree  is  a  small  one,  with  compound  leaves  which 
are  set  on  the  branches  alternately.  The  leaflets  are  op- 
posite each  other,  with  the  exception  of  the  end  one, 
which  is  terminal.  These  leaves  are  made  up  of  from 
seven  to  eleven  ovate-lanceolate  leaflets.  All  except  the 
terminal  leaflets  are  sessile  (stemless)  on  the  main  leaf 
stem.  The  end  leaflet  has  a  short  stem.  These  leaflets 
are  deeply  serrated,  more  so  than  the  leaves  of  the  other 
hickories.  But  if  you  are  not  sure  from  the  leaves, 
look  at  the  buds.  They  are  an  easy  and  a  sure  mark 
of  identification.  These  are  distinctly  flattened  and 
curved  (falcate)  at  the  tip,  and  especially  they  are  of 
bright  orange-yellow  hue.  This  conspicuous  hue  of  the 
buds  is  a  distinguishing  feature  of  the  tree.  Its  fruit 
is  globular,  ovate,  and  has  four  ridges  or  wings  which 
run  down  to  about  the  middle  of  the  husk.  The  kernel 
of  the  nut  is  exceedingly  bitter — whence  the  name  of 
the  tree,  bitternut. 

Corylopsis  spicata.  (No.  67.)  In  the  early  days  of 
spring,  in  March,  if  you  are  up  in  the  northeastern  part 
of  the  Ramble,  this  beautiful  bush  is  well  worth  seeing. 
At  this  time  of  the  year  it  is  usually  in  bloom  and  you 
can  easily  know  it  from  other  bushes  by  its  very  profuse 
inflorescence.  Away  off  through  the  maze  of  brown 
twigs  you  can  catch  the  gleam  of  its  pale  yellow  flowers 
which  seem  to  fairly  set  the  bush  ablaze  with  their  ten- 
der light.  It  is  almost  the  first  bush  to  break  forth  into 
bloom  and  set  along  its  branches  the  age-old  story  of 
spring  and  its  awakening  glory.  How  lovely  then  is 
the  sight  of  this  torch-like  shrub,  kindled  as  with  the 
flame  of  the  burning  bush  that  spoke  to  Moses — the 


deathlessness  of  life,  the  eternal  recurrence  of  its  power, 
fresh  from  the  hand  of  the  living  God.  Looking  upon 
these  tender  blossoms,  it  is  almost  impossible  not  to  feel 
a  new  thrill  of  hope  and  a  new  sense  of  the  deep-rooted 
feeling  that  welled  in  Browning  when  he  wrote,  "God's 
in  His  heaven,  all's  right  with  the  world." 

You  will  have  no  trouble  in  picking  out  this  bush.  Its 
flowers  droop  in  three  or  four-inch  racemes,  from 
greenish-yellow  bracts.  These  flowers  are  of  a  pale 
lemon  or  canary  yellow,  and  are  five-petaled  and  five- 
stamened.  Its  leaves,  hazel-like,  have  given  the  shrub 
its  name  Cory  lop  sis  (corylus  and  op  sis}.  They  are 
acutely  heart-shaped,  are  on  long  stems,  have  serrated 
margins,  and  are  strongly  feather  veined.  On  their 
undersides  they  are  glaucous  and  pubescent.  The  fruit 
of  the  shrub  is  a  dehiscent  capsule,  containing  two 
glossy-black  seeds.  The  bush  is  a  native  of  Japan  and 
certainly  a  welcome  and  charming  importation  for  our 
parks. 

Cryptomeria  Japonica.  (Japan  Cedar.  No.  24.)  In 
the  midwesterly  part  of  the  Ramble  there  is  a  little  path, 
a  little  loop  in  the  Walk,  that  gives  you  a  sweet  retire- 
ment from  the  rush  of  city  streets,  and  almost  buries 
you  amid  the  leafy  boughs.  The  birds  sing  and  flash 
by  on  sudden,  bursting  wings,  and  at  your  feet  a  little 
stream  feels  its  way  along  from  a  slumbrous  pool  to 
leap  in  silver  rills  down  a  rock-choked  chasm  to  the 
sun-lighted  waters  of  the  Lake  below.  This  little 
dream-spot  can  be  easily  found  if  you  take  the  path  that 
leads  off  due  east  from  the  Schiller  Bust,  cross  a  bridge 
which  spans  the  outlet  of  the  rill,  mentioned  above,  into 


LEAF-SPRAYS  OF  THE  JAPAN  CEDAR  (Cryptomeria  Japonicd) 
Map  7.     No.  24. 


' 


the  Lake,  then  at  the  first  fork  of  the  path,  turn  u  your 
left,  nearly  northeast,  and  follow  the  path  up  to  a  sharp 
elbow  that  crooks  the  Walk  abruptly  to  the  east  again. 
Here  at  your  right  hand  is  the  little  dream-spot,  and  if 
you  stand  in  it  and  face  south  you  will  look  right  into 
a  cluster  of  Cryptomeria  Japonica.  They  stand  across 
the  streamlet,  up  the  bank.  You  will  know  them  at  once 
by  their  tall,  spire-like  forms,  dark  green  foliage,  with 
parts  of  it  reddish  brown,  and  trunks  of  the  same  hue. 
The  trunks  look  like  posts  stripped  of  their  bark.  The 
specimens  here  are  not  doing  very  well,  for  some  rea- 
son, but  up  by  the  Reservoir  (on  Section  No.  10  of  this 
book)  you  will  find  some  superb  specimens  flourishing 
in  the  best  of  health. 

The  foliage  of  the  Cryptomeria  Japonica  is  very 
easily  distinguished.  Its  leaves  have  a  marked,  claw- 
like  look,  are  rather  four-sided,  curved,  and  taper  grad- 
ually down,  from  a  thick  base  to  a  sharp-pointed  tip. 
They  seem  to  be  trying  to  clasp  the  branch.  This  gives 
each  branch  a  rather  hard,  close  look.  If  you  examine 
the  tree  carefully,  you  may  find  its  small,  globular 
cones,  not  quite  an  inch  in  diameter,  clinging  at  the  ends 
of  the  branches.  These  cones  have  a  deep-seated  affec- 
tion for  the  branch  and  hang  on  very  persistently.  They 
are  odd-looking  things,  certainly,  and,  if  you  examine 
them  closely,  you  will  see  that  their  scales  are  set  with 
slender,  recurved  prickles. 

In  form  the  tree  is  lofty  and  spire-like,  and  its  foli- 
age, in  the  full  perfection  of  good  health,  is  dark  green 
and  lustrous,  full  of  a  seeming  enduring  strength.  As 


I98 

you  look  at  its  stiff,  claw-like  leaves,  you  long  to  hear 
the  music  that  a  good  gale  would  draw  from  them. 

Kalmia  latifolia.  (Mountain  Lavurel.  Calico  Bush. 
No.  51.)  All  over  the  Ramble  you  will  find  this  hardy 
little  mountaineer  flinging  the  white  light  from  its  pol- 
ished green  leaves,  with  an  almost  crystalline  brilliance. 
One  particularly  fine  mass  of  it  banks  the  northeasterly 
corner  of  the  Walk  which  wanders  from  the  northerly 
side  of  the  slumbrous  little  pool  in  the  heart  of  the 
Ramble.  Just  where  this  Walk  comes  out  upon  the 
Cross-walk  at  the  south  of  the  open  stretch,  bounding 
the  upper  part  of  the  Ramble,  you  will  find  it,  a  dozen 
feet  high,  shaking  its  glossy,  leathery,  dark  green  leaves 
over  your  head  and  filling  your  eyes  with  a  blaze  of 
crystal  light,  if  you  catch  their  gloss  across  the  sun. 
Apollo  shoots  silver  arrows.  The  mountain  laurel  gets 
its  generic  name,  Kalmia,  from  Peter  Kalm,  a  Swedish 
naturalist.  It  is  an  evergreen  densely  foliaged  shrub, 
with  stiffly  bent  branches,  which,  if  you  meet  in  the 
shrub's  native  environment. of  deep,  dark  woods,  bar 
your  way  with  an  almost  steel-like  tenacity.  It  grows 
in  a  roundish,  compact  form.  Its  rather  elliptical  leaves 
are  set  alternately  on  the  branches,  are  smooth,  glossy 
and  leathery,  dark  green  on  the  uppersides,  but  light 
yellow-green  beneath.  They  are  pointed  at  both  ends. 
The  glory  of  the  shrub  is  in  June.  Come  then  and 
behold  in  silence  the  wondrous  work  of  Nature  in  the 
saucer-shaped  corollas,  rose  flushed  with  the  hues  of 
dawn,  that  this  shrub  unfolds  to  your  delighted  eyes. 
Look  down  into  the  lovely  chalice  and  follow  the  wan- 
derings of  that  wavy  line  of  rose  and  faint  purple 


199 

which  flushes  around  the  cup  like  a  rainbow  over  a 
sky  of  pearl.  See  the  ten  little  stamens  with  their 
heads  all  tucked  away  in  little  pockets,  curved  back, 
like  miniature  catapults,  waiting  the  touch  of  the  golden 
bee  to  set  them  off,  with  a  shower  of  pollen  from  their 
flying  anthers.  Touch  them  with  but  the  tip  of  your 
pencil,  and  the  trap  is  sprung.  The  golden  pollen  flies, 
and  Nature's  end  is  accomplished.  The  lovely  flowers 
are  succeeded  by  a  woody  pod  or  capsule.  The  capsule 
is  five-celled  and  contains  many  oblong  seeds. 

Magnolia  acuminata.  (Cucumber  Tree.  Mountain 
Magnolia.  No.  61.)  Not  far  from  the  Corylopsis,  in 
the  northeasterly  part  of  the  Ramble,  you  will  find  sev- 
eral stalwart  specimens  of  this  magnolia.  They  stand 
rather  close  together,  with  well-developed  trunks  of 
dark,  brownish  gray,  and  a  look,  in  the  upperparts,  of 
lightish  gray,  that  reminds  you  of  the  abele  tree  or 
white  poplar.  The  leaves  are  thin  and  entire  (not  ser- 
rated), are  pointed  at  top  and  base,  often  the  base  is 
rounded.  The  margins  are  generally  slightly  waved. 
These  leaves  are  of  a  bright,  light  green  on  the  upper- 
sides,  but  paler  beneath,  and,  in  the  autumn,  turn  to  a 
lovely  fawn  yellow.  They  are  from  five  to  twelve 
inches  long  and  about  four  inches  broad.  The  tree  gets 
its  common  name  from  its  fruit,  which  (especially  when 
young)  resembles  a  small  cucumber.  It  is  ripe  in  Sep- 
tember or  October,  and  if  you  are  passing  near  at  that 
time  you  can  easily  catch  its  rose-crimson  glow  con- 
spicuously showing  amid  the  tree's  foliage.  This  cu- 
cumber-like pod  opens  little  slits  and  drops  out  from 
them  its  bright,  coral-red  seeds,  on  slender,  silky 


200 

threads,  curious  sights,  if  you  do  not  know  the  fruiting 
habits  of  the  magnolias.  The  flowers  of  this  tree  break 
out  in  May  or  June  and  are  not  very  conspicuous.  They 
are  small,  greenish-yellow,  six  petaled,  and  about 
three  inches  wide.  You  cannot  fail  to  find  them,  close 
by  the  Corylopsis  in  the  northeasterly  part  of  the  Ram- 
ble. Two  are  quite  near  the  Corylopsis,  and  there  are 
some  more  to  the  westward  and  a  little  southward  as 
you  follow  the  path  that  skirts  the  southerly  border  oi 
the  open  stretch  of  green  here. 

Magnolia  Soulangeana.  (Soulange's  Magnolia.  No. 
17.)  You  will  have  little  trouble  in  picking  out  this 
beautiful  hybrid  magnolia,  if  you  are  passing  it  in  time 
of  bloom.  This  is  usually  in  April.  Afar  off,  through 
the  leafless  trees,  you  can  see  its  soft,  lovely  tints  of 
purplish  pink  and  white.  The  bloom  is  profuse,  and, 
in  its  perfection,  is  almost  cloudlike  in  its  fullness. 
These  flowers,  chalice-shaped,  seem  to  sit  upon  the 
branches  in  a  way  that  makes  you  think  of  vases.  Their 
petals  are  about  four  or  five  inches  long,  six  to  nine  in 
number,  cream-white  on  the 'inside,  but  on  the  outside 
softly  flushed  with  pink,  deeping  down  at  the  base  of 
the  flower  to  a  deep  purple.  Emblem  of  dawn,  is  this 
lovely  blossom.  Roseate  herald  of  the  flowers  that  are 
so  soon  to  burn  on  bush  and  tree,  how  incomparably 
beautiful  is  thy  hue  in  those  bare  April  days  while  yet 
the  tang  of  winter  is  in  the  air ! 

If  you  take  the  path  that  leads  up  northerly  from  the 
bust  of  Schiller,  and  follow  it  to  its  second  fork,  north, 
then  turn  to  your  right,  walk  easterly  to  the  second  fork 
of  the  path,  you  will  find  a  very  good  specimen  of  this 


201 

magnolia  directly  south  of  the  second  fork  of  the  path, 
with  another  of  Hs  kin  just  east  of  it,  close  by  the  path, 
just  a  few  feet  along.  But  these  are  on  your  right  as 
you  go  easterly.  They  are  small  trees,  about  fifteen  feet 
high,  with  very  handsome,  light-gray  bark,  lighter  even 
than  that  of  the  American  beech.  Their  leaves  are 
about  six  inches  long,  obovate,  that  is,  reverse  egg- 
shape,  and  have  a  short,  abrupt  point. 

This  magnolia  is  a  hybrid  between  Magnolia  con- 
spicua,  the  Chinese  yulan,  and  Magnolia  purpurea  (or 
obovata).  Its  leaves  show  very  plainly  the  intermedi- 
ate type  of  the  two  parent  trees,  as  do  also  the  blended 
hues  of  its  flowers.  Surely  it  is  a  lovely  tree  and  lights 
the  spring  paths  with  a  beauty  that  is  all  its  own. 

Picea  pnngens.  (Colorado  Blue  Spruce.  Silver 
Spruce.  No.  12.)  Near  the  little  mushroom-shaped 
shelter  on  the  southwesterly  part  of  the  Ramble,  not  far 
from  Bow  Bridge,  you  can  see  some  very  fair  (though 
small)  specimens  of  this  beautiful  conifer.  As  you 
stand  beneath  the  shelter  and  face  west,  within  a  few 
feet  of  you,  and  directly  in  front  of  you,  are  two  of 
these  young  evergreens.  You  can  recognize  the  Colo- 
rado blue  spruce  on  sight  by  its  color  alone,  a  pale, 
glaucous  green  with  a  decided  bluish  tinge.  When  in 
its  perfection  of  color  it  is  an  almost  unnatural  shade  of 
hue  for  an  evergreen,  being  then  of  a  pale,  glaucus 
green,  overcast  with  the  loveliest  and  most  delicate 
tinge  of  pale  blue.  Its  loveliness  of  tint  fairly  takes 
your  breath  away,  so  delicate,  so  soft  is  its  effect.  But 
though  this  richness  of  color  often  burns  off,  from 
effects  of  soil  and  climate,  to  a  cold,  grayish  blue-green, 


202 

yet  even  then  it  is  distinctive  enough  to  detect  easily  as 
an  unmistakable  mark  of  the  tree's  identity.  Its  leaves, 
like  all  those  of  the  true  spruces,  are  four-sided.  They 
are  also  noticeably  curved,  tapering  down  to  a  sharply 
acute  point.  In  character  they  are  stout  and  stiff,  which 
botanists  call  rigid,  and  are  about  an  inch  long.  On  the 
upperside  they  are  light  green,  but  on  the  underside  are 
beautifully  glaucous  and  silvery.  It  is  this  which  gives 
the  delicate,  lightish  cast  to  the  tree's  foliage.  Its  cones 
are  from  three  to  five  inches  long,  cylindrical-oblong,  of 
a  lustrous  light-brown.  In  form  of  growth  the  outline 
of  the  tree  is  rather  conical  or  pyramidal,  with  strong, 
horizontal  branches  which  sweep  out  from  the  trunk  in 
broken  whorls.  If  you  take  the  path  northerly  from 
Bow  Bridge  and  follow  it  to  the  east  from  its  third  fork, 
you  will  easily  find  the  mushroom  shelter. 

Finns  ponderosa.  (Western  Yellow  Pine.  No.  82.) 
You  will  find  a  healthy  young  specimen  of  this  sturdy 
stock  in  the  northwesterly  part  of  the  Ramble,  not  far 
from  the  slippery  elm.  Follow  the  path  which  passes 
the  slippery  elm.  Just  around  the  corner  from  the  point 
where  it  breaks  off  from  the  Walk,  running  east  and 
west,  you  will  find  this  fine  young  pine.  In  order  that 
you  may  surely  find  it,  as  you  go  from  the  fork  upon 
the  Walk  leading  by  the  slippery  elm,  you  pass  witch- 
hazel  and  sweet  gum,  on  the  right  (as  you  go  northerly 
toward  the  west  Ramble  Road  stop),  and  on  the  left,  in 
the  corner  of  the  fork,  the  fine  clump  of  retinosporas, 
alluded  to  and  described  below.  The  sweet  gum  has 
star-shaped  leaves  and  the  witch-hazel's  leaves  are  lop- 
sided. The  retinosporas  have  finely-sprayed,  plume- 


203 

like  leaves.  The  pine  in  question  stands  just  beyond  the 
witch-hazel,  back  from  the  Walk,  upon  the  left  (east) 
bank,  as  you  face  north,  looking  toward  the  west  Ram- 
ble road  stop.  You  can  identify  this  pine  easily  by  its 
leaves,  which  are  gathered  together  in  bundles  of  three. 
The  leaves  themselves  are  long,  nearly  ten  inches,  when 
full  grown,  and  are  of  a  flexible  texture,  of  a  deep,  dark 
green  hue,  rather  lusterless  and  dead  in  finish.  If  you 
squeeze  these  three  leaves  together,  you  will  see  that 
they  are  so  cut  as  to  thus  form  one  round  leaf.  Press 
the  two  leaves  of  an  Austrian  pine  together  and  you  get 
one  round  leaf.  The  cone  of  the  ponderosa  is  about 
three  or  four  inches  long,  with  recurved  (bent  back) 
prickles  on  the  cone-scales.  This  is  a  fine,  healthy  sap- 
ling here,  and  should  grow  nobly.  You  will  find  some 
splendid  specimens  of  the  ponderosa  near  McGowan's 
Pass  Tavern,  indicated  on  the  map  for  Section  No.  15 
of  this  book. 

Prunus  avium.  (Bird  Cherry.  Mazzard  Cherry.  No. 
26.)  If  you  cross  the  Bridge  leading  into  the  westerly 
part  of  tke  Ramble,  turn  to  the  left,  and  at  the  next 
right  hand  branch  of  the  path,  go  up  some  steps,  turn 
to  the  right  again,  cross  the  Stone  Arch,  go  southerly, 
and  just  after  crossing  the  Stone  Arch,  bend  to  your 
right  and  follow  the  leafy  path  as  it  winds  around  to 
run  beside  the  Lake's  border,  about  midway  between 
the  point  where  it  bent  around  from  the  Stone  Arch  to 
the  next  fork  of  the  path,  on  the  westerly  side  of  the 
Walk,  you  will  find  two  specimens  of  this  cherry  stand- 
ing quite  close  together.  They  are  not  very  large  trees, 
the  taller  of  them  is  about  twelve  or  fifteen  feet  high. 


204 

You  can  pick  them  out  by  their  rather  glossy,  reddish- 
brown,  typical  cherry-tree  bark  and  hairy  (undersides) 
ovate-lanceolate  leaves,  ending  in  a  point,  often  ab- 
ruptly. These  leaves  are  thickish,  very  coarsely  and 
doubly  serrated.  The  tree's  flowers  occur  about  the 
time  the  leaves  begin  to  appear,  in  close  umbels,  from 
side  spurs  along  the  branches.  The  fruit  is  a  sweet 
(occasionally  sour)  drupe,  yellow  or  red,  rather  heart- 
shaped,  pointed. 

Pseudotsuga  Douglasii.  (Douglas  Spruce.  No.  10.) 
As  you  approach  the  little  mushroom-shaped  shelter 
in  the  southwesterly  part  of  the  Ramble,  just  north 
of  the  lamp-post  that  stands  by  the  right  of  the  Walk, 
as  you  come  towards  the  shelter,  you  will  see  a  small- 
sized  evergreen.  It  is  now  about  five  feet  high.  This 
is  the  Douglas  Spruce.  Its  form  o-f  growth  is  pyr- 
amidal, with  a  horizontal  spread  of  branches.  The 
leaves  are  linear,  either  straight  or  curved,  and  quite 
flexible.  They  are  of  a  dark  or  bluish-green  color, 
whitish  below,  obtuse,  and  are  more  or  less  two-ranked 
along  the  branches.  The  cones  are  three  or  four 
inches  long,  drooping,  and  egg-shaped  in  form.  These 
cones  are  bristly  with  exserted  bracts.  You  will  find 
another  specimen  of  the  tree  on  Section  10,  close  by 
the  Reservoir's  wall. 

Quercus  coccinea,  var.  tinctoria.  (Black  Oak.  No. 
16.)  The  branch  of  path  leading  off  to  the  west  of 
Schiller's  bust  will  lead  you  by  a  specimen  of  this  oak. 
You  will  find  it  on  the  left  (west)  of  the  Walk  as 
you  bend  northerly,  and  you  can  identify  it  by  its 
rough  blackish  bark.  The  rough  trunk  is  broken  with 


205 

heavy  plates,  especially  on  the  lower  parts.  The  leaves 
of  this  tree  are  confusing  because  they  run  often  very 
close  to  those  of  the  scarlet  and  the  red  oak.  On  the 
lower  parts  of  the  tree  the  leaves  are  broad,  reverse, 
egg-shaped  in  outline,  with  seven  to  nine  lobes,  obtuse 
at  the  base.  The  lobes  are  bristle-tipped,  and  this 
fact  shows  that  the  tree  is  a  biennial  fruiter.  The  oaks 
without  bristled  leaves  are  annual  fruiters.  The  black 
oak  carries  its  leaves  on  long,  somewhat  slender  stems, 
and  these  stems  are  usually  downy.  The  acorn  is 
roundish,  flattened  very  noticeably  at  the  point  of  the 
nut,  and  often  marked  very  beautifully  with  lines  of 
yellow  and  brown.  The  cup  of  the  acorn  is  quite  deep 
and  settles  over  the  nut  in  a  way  that,  with  its  loose- 
end  scales,  makes  you  think  of  Robinson  Crusoe's  hat. 
Both  the  inner  bark  of  the  tree  and  the  kernel  of  the 
acorn  are  strongly  tinged  with  yellow  or  orange.  This 
inner  yellowish  bark  is  the  sure  mark  of  the  tree.  It 
is  bitter  to  the  taste.  From  the  characteristic  inner 
bark  the  tree  has  its  other  common  name,  yellow- 
barked  oak. 

Quercus  stellata.  (Post  Oak.  No.  23.)  In  the 
central  part  of  the  Ramble,  near  the  slumbrous  little 
pool  which  throws  back  the  images  of  bending  trees 
and  overhanging  bushes,  close  by  the  pathside,  you 
will  find  a  fairlygood-sized  representative  of  this  species 
of  oak.  There  are  not  many  of  these  trees  in  the 
Park,  indeed,  this,  I  believe,  is  the  only  one  I  have 
found  in  the  course  of  my  rambles  through  the  Park. 
May  it  thrive  on  where  it  has  set  its  foot  so  firmly, 
and  whisper  still  to  us  as  we  wind  these  lovely  ways. 


206 

111  order  that  you  may  more  readily  find  it,  the  Pool 
lies  just  north  of  the  little  round  Summer  House, 
which  has,  for  a  distinguishing  mark  on  the  map,  an 
open  loop  of  walk  at  its  south.  This  gives  it  a  kind 
of  dumb-bell  look  which  is  easily  noted.  A  little 
rustic  bridge  spans  the  westerly  outlet  of  this  Pool. 
If  you  stand  on  this  bridge,  face  northerly,  and  follow 
the  path,  northerly,  you  will  find  the  post  oak  about 
midway,  on  your  right  hand,  between  the  first  and 
second  forks  of  the  path  as  you  proceed  northerly.  It 
is  a  medium-sized  tree,  and  you  can  pick  it  out  easily 
by  its  leaves  which  are  cut  very  peculiarly.  These 
are  from  four  to  six  inches  long,  leathery,  dark  green 
on  the  uppersides,  but  on  the  undersides  downy  and 
whitish.  These  leaves  are  cut  by  two  deep  sinuses, 
about  a  third  way  up,  on  either  side  of  the  midrib. 
This  throws  the  upper  part,  generally,  into  three  broad, 
obtuse,  divergent  lobes.  These  divergent  lobes  are 
often  double.  But  it  is  the  broad  upper  part,  with  the 
two  large  bays  or  sinuses,  which  cut  it  from  the  lower 
part  of  the  leaf,  that  strikes  your  eye  as  a  marked 
characteristic.  It  gives  the  leaves,  the  upper  portion, 
a  rather  star-like  look,  as  you  glance  up  at  them  against 
the  sky,  and  it  is  this  feature  which  has  given  the  tree  its 
specific  botanical  name  stellata.  As  a  whole  the  leaf  is 
generally  from  five  to  seven-lobed.  Sometimes  the  leaf 
takes  a  short,  broad  egg-shaped  outline,  lacking  the 
two  deep  sinuses,  but  the  more  common  form  of  the 
leaf  is  that  described  above,  with  the  sinuses.  The 
tree's  acorn  is  about  half  an  inch  long,  egg-shaped, 
nearly  sessile,  and  set  in  a  broad,  close-scaled,  saucer- 


207 

shaped  cup  which  comes  down  over  the  nut  from  a 
third  to  about  a  half.  The  acorns  occur  singly  or 
several  (not  more  than  four,  generally)  together  in  a 
cluster  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  This  tree  stands 
almost  in  the  centre  of  the  Ramble. 

Rhododendron  maximum.  (Great  Laurel.  Rose 
Bay.  Near  No.  4.)  Close  by  the  dwarf  horsechest- 
nut,  in  the  southwesterly  part  of  the  Ramble,  indeed 
quite  filling  up  the  whole  stretch  of  bank-side  along 
the  left  of  the  path,  here,  are  superb  masses  of  this 
handsomest  of  native  laurels.  You  can  know  them 
by  their  large  alternate  leaves  (evergreen)  which  are 
thick  and  smooth,  and  have  their  margins  slightly 
rolled  back  in  a  manner  that  botanists  term  revolute. 
These  leaves  are  from  four  to  ten  inches  long,  and  are 
glossy  dark  green  on  the  uppersides,  but  of  a  pale 
yellow  green  on  the  undersides.  They  have  a  lance- 
oblong  form,  and  have  a  way  of  hanging  down  like 
a  partly  closed  umbrella.  In  winter  the  leaves  often 
curl  and  roll  up  into  cylindrical  form,  easily  distin- 
guishing them.  The  leaves  are  acute,  at  the  tip,  and 
rather  roundish  wedge-shaped  at  the  base.  In  June 
and  July  this  royal  shrub  bursts  into  glories  of  bloom 
that  well  stir  your  enthusiasm.  From  pale  rose, 
through  all  the  intermediate  hues  to  white,  the  great 
corymb-clustered  flowers  burst  their  wealth  of  color 
upon  your  delighted  eyes.  The  flaring  corollas  liter- 
ally glow  with  life  and  light,  fair  as  pearled  shells, 
fragrant  as  the  breath  of  the  morn,  and  lit  with  the 
hues  of  those  first  faint  streaks  that  tremble  upon  the 
sky  at  dawn.  Are  they  not  wondrous!  Look  down 


208 

into  their  lovely  throats,  touched  so  softly  with  yel- 
lowish dots,  like  little  golden  clouds  that  lie  breathless 
on  a  breathless  sky.  The  corollas  are  five-parted  and 
bell-shaped,  with  long  sweeping  stamens,  five  to  ten 
in  number,  reaching  far  out  from  the  corollas'  throats. 
The  stamens  are  often  noticeably  curved.  The  flower 
stems  (pedicels)  are  clammy  (viscid)  and  hairy  (pu- 
bescent). The  umbel-like  clusters  of  the  flowers  break 
out  from  cone-like  buds  which  set  the  autumn  before 
the  season's  blooming.  These  cone-shaped  buds  are 
the  winter  mark  of  the  rhododendron.  The  fruit  is 
an  oblong  pod. 

Eibes  aureum.  (Missouri  Currant.  Golden  or  Buf- 
falo Currant.  No.  96.)  If  you  are  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  Ramble  in  the  lovely  days  of  May, 
when  those  entrancing  bursts  of  warm  sunshine  leap 
as  with  a  heart  full  of  love  from  behind  pearl-edged 
clouds,  and  bring  out  to  the  full  the  starry  beauty  of 
the  dancing  blossoms,  look  then  for  the  bright  golden 
flowers  of  this  cheery  shrub.  When  the  sunshine  is 
full  upon  them,  they  glow  like  Wordsworth's  daffo- 
dils. If  you  take  the  path  that  leads  off  to  the  left 
from  the  west  Bridge,  and  follow  it  to  its  second  left- 
hand  offshoot,  you  will  find  a  good  clump  of  this 
Missouri  Currant  not  very  far  from  the  corner  made 
by  the  fork  of  this  second  offshoot  of  the  Walk  to  the 
left.  It  stands  quite  close  to  a  Siberian  pea  tree  here. 
Its  lovely  golden  flowers  will  surely  make  you  stop 
a  moment  in  your  ramble,  with  their  bright  merry  hues 
burning  up  to  you  with  five  spreading  lobes.  The 
conspicuous  lobes  are  part  of  the  calyx,  not  petals  of 


209 

the  corolla.  The  petals  of  the  corolla  are  very  small 
(five),  with  delicate  pink  tops  which  are  set  on  the 
throat  of  the  calyx.  At  first  glance  you  might  easily 
think  that  the  large  flaring  flanges  of  the  flowers  were 
parts  of  the  corolla,  but  a  close  examination  reveals 
the  truth.  The  flowers  are  tubular  cylindrical,  and 
are  carried  in  short-racemed  clusters  just  as  the  leaves 
begin  to  expand.  These  leaves  are  three  to  five-lobed, 
wedge-shaped  or  cordate  (often  rounded)  at  the  bases. 
They  are  palmately  veined,  the  midrib  and  primary 
veins  being  quite  conspicuous.  These  leaves  are  small, 
usually  about  an  inch  long,  and  are  lobed  so  conspic- 
uously you  can  easily  recognize  the  bush  by  these  alone. 
The  fruit  is  a  brilliant  yellowish  (later  blackish)  spher- 
ical glossy  berry,  which  is  very  conspicuous  in  late 
summer  (August)  amid  the  green  leaves  of  this  mod- 
est shrub.  Although  its  fruit  catches  the  eye  and  sets 
you  wondering  what  it  may  be,  it  is  its  flowers  which 
take  hold  of  you,  on  those  rare  days  of  May,  when  the 
little  yellow  horns  seem  to  fairly  blow  golden  music. 
You  will  find  another  good  mass  of  this  up  by  the 
clump  of  purple-flowering  raspberry,  in  the  north- 
westerly part  of  the  Ramble,  not  far  from  the  Swiss 
Cottage. 

Kubtis  odoratus.  (Purple-flowering  Raspberry.  No. 
97.)  Near  the  West  Ramble  Road  Stop,  following  the 
path  on  which  you  met  the  slippery  elm,  you  will  find 
a  good-sized  mass  of  this  low  straggling  shrub  which 
flings  its  arms  in  such  delightful  abandon  along  the 
country  roads  of  summer.  You  can  recognize  it,  at 
once,  by  its  maple-like  leaves,  which  are  from  three  to 


210 

five-lobed,  quite  large,  of  a  soft,  woolly  texture,  pu- 
bescent on  the  undersides,  but  of  a  lovely  tender  green 
on  the  uppersides.  The  flowers,  which  have  given  the 
shrub  its  common  name,  are  of  a  clear  rose-purple, 
of  five  crumpled  petals,  in  loose  clusters,  and  float  over 
the  masses  of  the  shrub  in  the  heats  of  July  and 
August.  How  lovely  is  their  soft  rich  color  against 
the  cool  tender  green  of  its  leaves,  and  how  lovely  the 
golden  crown  of  its  anthers  in  the  heart  of  its  ruby 
petals.  These  tender  flowers  soon  give  place  to  crim- 
son raspberries,  flattish,  about  an  inch  in  diameter. 

Schizophragma  hydrangeoides.  (Climbing  Hydran- 
gea. No.  57.)  The  path  which  leads  up  from  the 
Boat  House  into  the  southeasterly  part  of  the  Ramble 
will  bring  you,  if  you  turn  off  to  the  left,  at  its  third 
fork,  and  then  follow  this  branch  to  the  place  where 
it,  in  turn,  forks,  to  a  sassafras  tree,  which  stands 
close  by  a  lamp,  just  where  this  branch  of  path  throws 
off  an  arm  to  the  west  (your  left).  This  sassafras 
tree  carries  the  rather  remarkable  climbing  hydrangea, 
Schizophragma  hydrangeoides.  According  to  Prof. 
Bailey,  this  rather  staggering  name,  in  plain  English, 
means  that  the  inner  layers  of  its  valve  walls  are  cleft 
into  fascicled  fibers.  But  in  spite  of  its  disagreeable 
name,  it  is  a  very  pretty  climber.  You  might  easily 
mistake  it  for  a  vine,  with  its  ovate  heart-shaped  taper- 
ing leaves,  but  it  is  a  deciduous  shrub.  It  is,  like  so 
many  other  of  our  park  beauties,  from  Japan,  and 
has  so  close  a  resemblance  to  Hydrangea  petiolaris, 
that  it  is  often  confused  with  it.  The  shrub  blooms  in 
July,  with  white  or  flesh-colored  flowers,  fairly  large, 


211 

in  pubescent  flatfish  peduncled  cymes.  These  blos- 
soms have  the  large  outer  ring  of  sterile  flowers,  so 
characteristic  of  the  hydrangeas.  The  fertile  flower's 
calyx  is  top-shaped,  has  five  teeth  and  five  valvate 
petals.  Valvate  means  edge  to  edge.  The  stamens  are 
ten,  and  they  are  inserted  upon  the  base  of  the  disc. 
Prof.  Bailey  says  it  can  be  easily  distinguished  from 
Hydrangea  petiolaris,  which  has  four  sepals  (petals  of 
the  calyx)  on  the  marginal  flowers,  whereas  this  hy- 
drangea has  but  one  sepal.  The  leaves  of  the  climber 
we  are  here  discussing  are  very  coarsely  toothed,  bright 
glossy  green  on  the  uppersides,  but  paler  beneath.  They 
are  from  two  to  four  inches  long.  The  fruit  is  a  little 
capsule. 

Symphoricarpos  racemosus.  (Snowberry  or  Wax- 
berry.  No.  72.)  In  the  northeasterly  corner  of  the 
Ramble,  near  the  Road  Stop  there,  you  will  find  hand- 
some masses  of  this  daintily-flowered  shrub.  It  has 
been  well  named  indeed,  for  the  pure  white  berries 
which  gleam  through  its  tender  dark-green  foliage  are, 
of  a  truth,  snow-white.  The  masses  of  the  shrub,  here, 
are  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  directly  opposite  the 
northerly  end  of  the  East  Ramble  Road  Stop.  You 
can  easily  know  them  by  their  small  (two  or  three 
inches)  oval  leaves,  generally  entire,  of  a  beautiful 
clear  dark-green  on  the  uppersides,  but  of  a  lighter 
green  on  the  undersides.  They  are  set  oppositely 
along  the  branches,  on  very  short  leaf-stems,  and,  off- 
hand, have  something  of  the  look  of  a  locust's  leaf. 
This  shrub  blooms  all  through  the  summer  and,  from 
June  to  September,  you  may  come  upon  its  dainty 


212 

little  four  to  five-toothed,  bell-shaped  rose-pink  flowers 
clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  This  habit  of 
inflorescence  at  once  distinguishes  it  from  its  twin 
sister,  the  Indian  currant  or  coral  berry  which  it  so 
closely  resembles,  especially  in  foliage.  The  Indian 
currant  sends  out  its  flowers  all  along  the  branches 
in  axillary  clusters.  The  snowberry's  dainty  little  flow- 
ers are  soon  succeeded  by  the  densely  clustered  bunches 
of  small  white  berries  which  have  given  the  bush  its 
common  English  name.  Its  botanical  generic  name 
is  derived  from  two  Greek  words  meaning  "clustered 
fruits."  These  clusters  of  white  berries  conspicuously 
mark  the  bush  about  the  middle  of  August.  The  shrub 
belongs  to  the  honeysuckle  family. 

Ulmiis  fulva.  (Slippery  Elm.  Red  Elm.  No.  98.) 
If  you  take  the  path  that  turns  off  to  the  left  from 
the  handsome  clump  of  Retinospora  plumosa  (the  first 
offshoot  of  the  Walk  to  the  left,  northward  after  cross- 
ing the  Bridge  which  carries  the  path  into  the  middle 
west  of  the  Ramble),  and  proceed  northwesterly  toward 
the  West  Ramble  Road  Stop,  you  will  see  an  elm  tree 
throwing  its  shade  over  the  Walk,  on  your  left,  close 
by  the  path,  about  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  from  the 
Retinosporas.  It  is  a  very  fair  specimen  of  the  slip- 
pery elm.  In  order  that  you  may  easily  identify  it, 
it  stands  a  few  feet  this  side  (south)  of  an  Austrian 
pine,  and  has  a  witch  hazel  rattling  its  heavy  lop- 
sided leaves  diagonally  across  the  Walk  from  it.  The 
slippery  elm  has  a  lightish-brown  bark  which,  in  old 
trees,  gets  to  be  deeply  furrowed.  This  bark  also  pos- 
sesses a  peculiar  mucilageneous  quality  which  has  given 


213 

the  tree  its  common  name,  "slippery  elm."  Its  leaves 
are  very  rough,  on  the  uppersides,  and  by  this  you 
may  easily  know  them.  The  leaves  are  large,  four  to 
eight  inches  long  and  about  four  inches  vide.  They 
are  ovate-oblong,  in  shape,  but  come  down  to  a  taper- 
ing point.  They  are  set  alternately  along  the  branch, 
and  are  noticeably  doubly  serrate.  The  most  conspic- 
uous feature  of  the  leaves  are  their  extreme  roughness 
on  the  uppersides.  Rub  them  either  way,  and  you  will 
feel  a  harshness  of  touch  which  will  put  your  teeth 
on  edge.  On  the  undersides  the  leaves  are  soft  and 
wooly,  when  young,  but  as  the  leaf  grows  older  become 
roughish  on  this  side  also.  The  slippery  elm  flowers 
early  in  spring,  before  the  leaves  appear.  These  closely 
clustered  purplish  blossoms  break  out  in  little  bunches 
along  the  branches,  very  much  like  the  inflorescence 
(bloom)  of  the  English  and  the  Scotch  elms.  The 
fruit  of  the  tree  is  a  winged  seed  (samara),  the  flat 
wing  enclosing  the  seed  like  a  wafer.  Over  the  seed 
there  is  a  marked  pubescence  or  hairy  growth,  but  the 
wing  is  without  pubescence.  The  seed  of  the  Amer- 
ican elm  is  very  hairy  on  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

Vaccinium  corymbosum.  (High  -  bush  Blueberry. 
Swamp  Blueberry.  No.  41.)  Near  the  little  Shelter 
or  Summer  House  in  the  middle  of  the  southern  part 
of  the  Ramble,  you  will  find  a  good  specimen  of  this 
shrub.  It  is  all  through  the  Ramble,  but  you  can  see 
a  good  bush  of  it  here,  for  close  study.  If  you  take 
the  little  path  that  leads  out  northerly  from  this  Sum- 
mer House,  passing  the  fine  Catesby's  Andromeda  and 
Azalea  amcena,  on  your  right,  then,  as  you  come  out 


214 

upon  the  Walk  that  runs  east  and  west,  turn  westerly, 
to  your  left,  to  the  first  fork  of  the  Walk.  Take  the 
left-hand  branch  of  this  fork,  and  you  will  find  two 
very  fair  specimens  of  this  blueberry.  The  first  one 
stands  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  just  beyond  a  hand- 
some Viburnum  dentatum.  The  viburnum  has  saw- 
cut  leaves.  The  high-bush  blueberry  is,  as  its  name 
implies,  an  erect  shrub.  It  is  very  pretty  in  May,  with 
hanging  clusters  of  wax-white  flowers  flushed  softly 
with  pink.  These  corymb-like  clusters,  in  short,  hang- 
ing racemes,  have  given  the  shrub  its  specific  botanical 
name  corymbosum.  Dainty  pale  pinkish-white  bells 
they  are,  with  their  little  five-toothed  corollas  droop- 
ing so  beautifully  on  the  almost  bare  branches  of  the 
shrub.  The  leaves  are  simple,  set  alternately  on  the 
branches,  are  oval,  and  pointed  at  both  ends,  the  top 
acute,  the  base  wedge-shaped.  These  leaves,  about 
three  inches  long  when  full-grown,  are  of  a  dark 
glossy  green  on  the  uppersides,  but  are  lighter  green 
below  and  pubescent.  In  the  fall  of  the  year  they 
meet  the  first  keen  kisses  of  the  frost  with  flushes  of 
rose  that  glow  into  scarlet  and  crimson  through  golden 
glories  of  yellow  and  orange.  All  over  the  Ramble 
then  you  come  upon  the  torches  of  flame  which  this 
shrub  burns  so  bravely.  Its  berry  is  small,  about  as 
large  as  a  good-sized  pea,  blue-black  with  a  faint 
bloom. 

Viburnum  acerifolium.  (Maple-leaved  Arrowwood. 
Do-ckinackie.  No.  107.)  Proceed  northerly  from  the 
mushroom-shaped  shelter,  turn  to  the  west  at  the  first 
fork  of  the  Walk,  then  follow  it  to  the  next  fork,  turn 


215 

to  your  right  (northerly),  and  continue  along  the 
Walk,  until  it  begins  to  bend  easterly  to  a  rustic 
shelter.  If  you  have  a  permit  to  explore  for  things 
not  beside  the  Walk,  strike  off  from  the  path,  to  your 
left,  just  before  you  come  to  where  the  Walk  begins 
to  swing  around  to  the  rustic  shelter,  and  in  among 
the  shrubberies  here,  about  eighteen  or  twenty  feet 
to  the  southwest  of  the  Walk,  you  will  find  a  fair 
specimen  of  this  Viburnum.  It  is  easily  distinguished 
by  its  maple-like  leaves,  which  are  generally  three-lobed 
and  have  large  irregular  teeth.  The  leaves  are  set 
oppositely,  and  the  coarse  cutting  of  the  large  teeth 
instantly  attract  the  attention.  The  shrub  blooms  in 
Tune,  in  rather  flattish  terminal  loose  cymes,  and  are 
very  beautiful,  just  before  they  open,  from  the  pale 
pinkish-purple  flush  that  suffuses  them.  As  they  open, 
they  become  cream- white.  These  flowers  are  succeeded 
by  dark-purple  berries,  whose  stones  are  two-grooved. 
It  is  a  pretty  shrub,  and  very  beautiful  just  as  it  be- 
gins to  bloom. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  add  that  the  viburnums 
belong  to  the  honeysuckle  family,  Caprifoliacece,  in- 
cluding the  elder,  the  Indian  currant  or  coral  berry,  the 
snowberry,  and  the  Weigela  (Diervilld) .  Generally 
speaking  this  great  group  Caprifoliacece,  is  character- 
ized by  having  the  stamens  of  their  flowers  about  as 
many  as  there  are  lobes  of  the  corolla.  In  the  elders 
and  the  viburnums,  the  corollas  are  shallow  wheel- 
shaped  or  urn-shaped;  in  the  coral  berries  and  snow- 
berries,  the  corollas  are  bell-shaped;  in  the  honey- 
suckles (Lonicera)  and  the  Weiglas  (Diervilla)  the 


216 

corollas  are  funnel-form.  They  are  among  the  loveliest 
of  the  shrubs  to  bloom  and  in  June,  especially,  the 
Weigelas  are  glorious. 


Explanations,   Map  No.  8 


COMMON  NAME. 

1.  Reeve's  Spiraea. 

2.  Tartarian  Honeysuckle. 

3.  Honey  Locust. 

4.  Judas  Tree  or  Redbud. 

5.  English  Hawthorn. 

6.  Silver  or  White  Maple. 

7.  Washington  Thorn. 

8.  Hackberry,     Sugarberry, 

Nettle  Tree. 

9.  Groundsel  Tree. 

10.  Cotton  wood   or  Carolina 

Poplar. 
Red  Maple. 


Japan  Quince. 
Ei 


uropean  Beech. 
European  or  Tree  Alder. 
Flowering  Dogwood. 
Osage  Orange. 
Norway  Maple. 
Kcelreuteria   or   Varnish 
Tree. 

19.  Common  Locust. 

20.  Fringe  Tree. 

21.  Bald  Cypress. 

22.  Hop    Tree    or    Shrubby 

Trefoil. 

23.  Common    Swamp     Blue- 

berry, High-bush  Blue- 
berry. 

24.  European  White  Birch. 

25.  Shadbush,  June  Berry  or 

Service  Berry. 

26.  Flowering  Dogwood. 

27.  Italian   Privet    (White 

fruit). 

28.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

29.  Cockspur  Thorn. 


BOTANICAL  NAME. 

Spircea  Reevesiana. 
Lonicera  Tartar ica. 
Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
Cercis  Canadensis. 
Grata  gus  oxyacantha. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Cratcegus  cordata. 
Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Baccharis  halimifolia. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Acer  rubrum. 
Cydonia  Japonica. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Alnus  glutinosa. 
Cornus  florida. 
Maclura  aurantiaca. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Kcelreuteria  paniculata. 

Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Chionanthus  Virginica. 
Taxodium  distichum. 
Ptelea  trifoliata. 

Vacffinium  corymbosum. 


Betula  alba. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 

Cornus  florida. 

Ligustrum  Italicum,  var.  leu- 
cocarpum. 

guercus  bicolor. 
ratagu  j  crus-galli. 


COMMON  NAME 

30.  Scarlet-fruited   Thorn, 

White  Thorn. 

31.  White-Stamened  Syringa. 

32.  Turkey  Oak. 

33.  Hercules 's    Club,    Devil's 

Walking  Stick,  Angel- 
ica Tree. 

34.  Japan  Pagoda  Tree. 

35.  European  White  Birch. 

3  6 .   Rose  of  Sharon  or  Althaea. 

37.  Weigela. 

38.  Cut  -  leaved       European 

Beech. 

39.  Rhodotypos. 

40.  Black  Cherry. 

41.  Mock    Orange    or   Sweet 

Syringa. 

42.  Buttonbush. 

43.  Dwarf  or  Japan  Catalpa, 

Bunge's  Catalpa. 

44.  Sassafras. 

45.  Scentless  Mock  Orange  or 

Syringa. 

46.  Common  Elder. 

47.  Missouri  Currant,  Golden 

or  Buffalo  Currant. 

48.  Fringe  Tree. 

49 .  European  Wayfaring  Tree. 

50.  Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 

5 1 .  Purple-leaved    European 

Hazel. 

52.  Paulo wnia. 

53.  Small-leaved    Mock    Or- 

ange or  Syringa. 

54.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

55.  Sweet     Bay    or    Swamp 

Magnolia. 

56.  Bur  Oak,  Mossy  Cup  Oak, 

Overcup  Oak. 

57.  Japan  Hedge  Bindweed. 

58.  Weeping   Willow,    Baby- 

lonian Willow. 

59.  Weeping  European  Beech. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
CratcBgus  coccinea. 

Philadelphus  nivalis. 
Quercus  Cerris. 
Aralia  spinosa. 


Sophora  Japonica. 

Betula  alba. 

Hibiscus  Syriacus, 

Diervilla  florida. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  laciniata 

(or  asplenifolia) . 
Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Cephalanthus  Occidentalis. 
Catalpa  Bungei. 

Sassafras  officinale. 
Philadelphus  inodorus. 

Sambucus  Canadensis. 
Ribes  aureum. 

Chionanthus  Virginica. 
Viburnum  lantana. 
Catalpa  bignonioides . 

Corylus    avellana,    var.     atro- 

purpurea. 

Paulownia  imperialis. 
Philadelphus  microphyllus. 

Cornus  stolonifera. 
Magnolia  glauca. 

Quercus  macrocarpa. 

Polygonum  cuspidatum. 
Salix  Babylonica. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  pendula. 


223 


COMMON  NAME 

6c.  Mock    Orange   or   Sweet 
Syringa. 

6 1.  Japan  Quince  (Red  flow- 

ers). 

62.  Japan  Quince  (Pink  flow- 

ers). 

63.  Umbrella  Tree. 

64.  Oriental  Plane  Tree. 

65.  Weeping  European  Silver 

Linden. 

66.  European  Linden. 

67.  Cut-leaved    European 

Beech. 

68.  European  White  Birch. 

69.  Thunberg's  Barberry,  Ja- 

pan Barberry. 

70.  Reeve's  Spiraea. 

71.  Van  Houtte's  Spiraea. 

72.  Witch  Hazel. 

73.  Scarlet-fruited   Thorn, 

White  Thorn. 

74.  American    Hornbeam, 

Blue   Beech,   Water 
Beech. 

75.  Hackberry,  Sugar  Berry, 

Nettle  Tree. 

76.  Slippery  Elm. 

77.  Scarlet  Oak. 

78.  Large-flowered  Mock  Or- 

ange or  Syringa. 

79.  Austrian  Pine. 

80.  White  Pine. 

8 1.  Spicebush. 

82.  Chinese  Juniper. 

83.  Japan  Arbor  Vitas  (Gold- 

en Plume-leaved). 

84.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

85.  European  White  Birch. 

86.  American  Hazel. 

87.  White  Mulberry. 

88.  Standish's  Honeysuckle. 

89.  Large-thorned  Hawthorn. 

90.  Black  Oak. 

91.  Scotch  Elm. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Philadelphus  coronarius. 
Cydonia  Japonica. 
Cydonia  Japonica. 

Magnolia  umbrella  (or  tripe- 

tala. 

Platanus  Orientalis. 
Tilia  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba}  pendula. 
Tilia  Europcea. 
Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  laciniata 

(or  asplenifolid). 
Betula  alba. 
Berberis  Thunbergii. 

Spiraea  Reevesiana. 
Spircea  Van  Hputtei. 
Hamamelis  Virginiana. 
CratcBgus  coccinea. 

Carpinus  Caroliniana. 


Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Ulmus  fulva. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Philadelphus  grandiflorus. 

Pinus  Austriaca. 
Pinus  strobus. 
Benzoin  benzoin. 
Juniperus  Chinensis. 
Cham&cyparis     (or     Retinos- 

pord)  pisifera,  var.  aurea. 
Cornus  stolonifera. 
Betula  alba. 
Corylus  Americana. 
Morus  alba. 
Lonicera  Standishii. 
Cratagus  macracantha. 
Quercus  coccinea,  var.  tinctoria 
Ulmus  Montana. 


COMMON  NAME 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Kerria  Japonica. 


92.  Globe  Flower,  Japan  Rose, 

Kerria. 

93.  Fortune's    Dwarf    White     Spiraea  callosa,  var.  alba, 

Spiraea. 

94.  European  Cherry,  Maha- 

leb  Cherry. 

95.  Bladder  Senna. 


Prunus  Mahaleb. 
Colutea  arborescens. 


VIII. 

WEST  SEVENTY-SECOND  STREET  TO  WEST 
SEVENTY-NINTH  STREET 

At  the  West  Seventy-second  Street  Gate,  the  Walks 
bend  quickly  north  and  south.  We  have  been  over 
the  southerly ;  let  us  take  the  northerly,  at  the  left  of 
the  Drive.  It  wanders  through  a  delightful  Arbor, 
hung  with  trailing  vines  and  the  sweet  garlands  of 
the  Wistaria; — a  lovely  spot  in  the  days  of  shifting 
sunshine  over  dancing  leaves.  Almost  as  the  Walk 
swings  around  to  the  north,  close  by  the  Arbor,  you 
will  find  tall  masses  of  the  Tartarian  honeysuckle. 
You  can  know  it  easily  by  its  leaves,  which  somewhat 
resemble  narrowed  and  elongated  arrow-heads.  Tech- 
nically speaking  they  are  ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  very 
cordate  (heart-shaped)  base.  The  leaves  are  also  cil- 
iate,  that  is,  with  a  fringe  of  hairs  along  their  margins; 
and  are  somewhat  hairy  on  the  undersides,  as  well. 
In  late  May  or  early  June  the  Tartarian  honeysuckle 
breaks  out  in  bloom — beautiful  pink,  white  or  crimson 
flowers  which  have  their  upper  lips  cleft  quite  consid- 
erably. As  the  flowers  pass  away,  changing  to  fruit,  the 
bush  is  hung  full  of  bright  scarlet  berries. 

A  little  stretch  beyond  the  Arbor,  you  come  to  some 
steps,  and  here,  by  the  second  step,  on  your  left,  you 
meet  the  interesting  Italian  privet  which  bears  white 
fruit.  There  are  some  more  very  interesting  things 


226 

here.  On  your  right,  by  the  first  step,  is  a  lamp,  and 
almost  due  east  of  this,  on  the  border  of  the  Drive,  are 
two  very  flourishing  specimens  of  the  groundsel  tree. 
If  you  have  ever  wandered  over  the  salt  meadows  near 
Coney  Island  in  the  Autumn,  and  seen  the  snow  of  the 
groundsel  tree's  seed-pods  fairly  billowing  over  the 
velvety  sedge,, your  heart  will  give  a  leap  of  joy  when 
you  come  upon  these  bushes.  At  least,  so  it  was  with 
me,  the  day  I  first  found  them  here  beside  the  Drive. 
Instantly  I  saw  the  salt  meadows,  the  flying  white  sea- 
gulls turning  in  the  sun;  saw  the  drifting,  rolling 
sedges  smoothing  to  the  wind ;  heard  the  sound  of  the 
ocean  surge  and  saw  the  white  fluff  of  the  groundsel 
tree  billowing  over  the  tawny  reaches  of  the  marshes. 
This  snowy  fluff  of  silvery  white  pappus  which  covers 
the  seeds  so  generously  is  the  balloon  that  bears  the 
seeds  on  the  breast  of  the  wind,  serving  their  disper- 
sion. Each  tiny  little  seed  is  loosed  by  the  wind  and 
borne  onward  to  its  resting  place  by  the  wings  of  this 
lovely,  fairy-like  fluff.  The  leaves  of  the  shrub  are 
wedge-shaped,  obovate  and  very  coarsely  toothed.  The 
branches  are  distinctly  angled. 

Follow  the  Walk,  still  northerly,  and  just  after  you 
pass,  on  your  right,  some  fine  old  cottonwoods,  easily 
known  by  their  towering  trunks  of  heavily-ridged  bark, 
cross  the  Drive  and  strike  the  Lake-walk,  where  it 
sends  down  a  little  side  arm  to  the  Lake  itself.  That 
you  may  know  the  spot,  a  flowering  dogwood  stands 
directly  in  the  right-hand  corner  of  this  arm,  and  east 
of  the  dogwood  a  cluster  of  tall,  conical  bald  cypresses 


FLOWERS  OF  THE  HOP  TREE  OR  SHRUBBY  TREFOIL      (Ptelea  trifoliata) 
Map  8.     No.  22. 


227 

wave  their  royal  plumes  of  feathery  green  to  every 
rocking  breeze.    What  graceful  trees  they  are ! 

From  this  arm,  pass  southerly,  following  the  east- 
erly border  of  the  Drive.  You  pass  Japan  quince,  on 
your  right,  honey  locust  on  your  left,  resplendent  in 
black  bark  and  fierce  thorns.  These  honey  locusts  are 
about  opposite  the  lamp  here.  Beyond  them,  by  the  edge 
of  the  Lake  are  European  elder,  full  of  little  "cones," 
jet  black  against  the  blue  of  the  sky;  flowering  dog- 
wood, osage  orange  (with  spines  in  the  axils  of  its 
leaves).  Opposite  these  trees  is  a  fine  Norway  maple. 
Then  we  meet  honey  locust  again,  then  some  more 
osage  oranges  and  a  little  gathering  of  varnish  trees 
just  beyond  these,  on  your  left.  Opposite  the  lamp 
that  stands  on  your  right,  as  you  continue  southerly, 
are  two  well-grown  fringe  trees,  lovely  in  June,  with 
their  white  fluffs  of  bloom.  Beyond  the  fringe  trees 
you  will  see  a  quartet  of  the  shrubby  trefoil,  of  the  rue 
family,  Rutacea.  You  must  have  met  this  tree  several 
times  before  on  your  rambles  in  the  lower  sections 
of  the  Park,  and  their  leaves,  made  up  of  three  leaf- 
lets, are  no  doubt  now  quite  familiar  to  you.  You 
remember  this  tree  has  wafer-shaped,  elm-like  seeds, 
and  that  it  is  from  this  resemblance  of  its  seeds  to 
the  seeds  of  the  elm  that  it  has  been  named  ptelea 
(Greek  for  elm).  The  tree  flowers  in  terminal  white 
cymes,  which  are  rather  open,  in  June.  Off  to  the 
east  of  the  hop-tree  quartet  here,  is  quite  a  goodly 
company  of  bald  cypresses  again,  foot-set  by  the  mar- 
gin of  the  Lake.  It  is  worth  a  trip  here  to  see  these 
trees  in  October.  Then  their  feathery  masses  have 


228 

turned  to  the  softest  shades  of  old  gold  and  crimson- 
bronze.  The  Walk,  here,  flings  off  to  the  left  a  little 
side-shoot  of  path,  down  close  to  the  Lake.  In  its 
southerly  corner,  a  couple  of  young  shadbushes  have 
taken  firm  root,  and  stand  in  easy  position  for  you  to 
take  a  good  look  at,  what  always  seems  to  me,  their 
especial  mark  of  beauty — their  handsomely  streaked 
bark.  You  can  pick  them  out  in  winter  by  this  mark- 
ing. See,  too,  their  pretty  pointed  buds.  These  are 
not  quite  so  finely  pointed  as  the  beech  tree's  buds, 
but  they  are  very  well  turned,  and  beautiful  in  their 
way.  An  Arbor  arches  the  Walk,  just  beyond,  and 
east  of  it,  is  European  white  birch.  Beyond  the  Arbor, 
close  by  the  margin  of  the  Lake,  you  will  see  more 
European  alders.  Try  to  see  them  in  spring  when 
they  veil  themselves  with  the  soft  dull  crimson  of 
their  stamen-bearing  catkins.  These  catkins  are  like 
long  slender  pencils,  and  the  anthers  (the  pollen-bear- 
ing parts  of  the  stamens)  are  clustered  beneath  the 
bracts  of  these  "pencils."  They  are  very  interesting 
trees  at  this  time  of  the  year,  and  glow  with  a  beauty 
all  their  own,  while  as  yet  most  of  the  trees  are  bare 
of  leaf  or  flower.  How  few  people  ever  see  the  flow- 
ers of  the  trees!  Why  is  it? 

The  Walk  runs  on  to  the  south,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  Lake  here  bends  around  in  a  hook,  following  the 
trend  of  the  Lake-shore,  to  the  Concourse.  It  wan- 
ders past  more  tree  alders,  swamp  white  oak,  sweet 
gum,  and  clusters  of  bald  cypresses.  Where  the  hook 
swings  around  to  the  northeast,  near  the  Carriage  Con- 
course, you  will  find,  in  the  point  of  the  bed  which 


229 

lies  between  the  Walk  and  the  Drive,  a  lusty  young 
cockspur  thorn,  with  long  sharp  thorns  and  shining, 
thick,  glossy,  wedge-obovate  leaves.  Beyond  the  cock- 
spur  thorn,  also  between  Walk  and  Drive,  on  your 
right,  as  you  go  toward  the  Carriage  Concourse,  is 
a  good  young  scarlet-fruited  hawthorn  or  white  thorn, 
as  it  is  often  called,  with  light  green,  tender,  dully- 
finished  leaves,  which  are  rather  regularly  cut  along 
the  margins,  into  very  small  lobes.  In  shape  these 
leaves  are  broad-ovate.  You  can  find  the  tree  easily 
by  its  leaves  and  thorns.  It  stands  just  this  side 
(south)  of  an  osage  orange.  The  osage  orange  has 
reddish  -  brown,  rough  bark,  and  rather  sweeping 
branches,  beset  with  spines  in  the  axils  of  its  leaves. 
Both  trees  are  near  the  end  of  the  bed  bordering  the 
right  of  the  Walk,  and  almost  in  line  with  the  tongue 
of  ground  between  the  two  Drives,  as  they  join  each 
other  to  form  the  Carriage  Concourse,  about  the  foun- 
tain used  for  watering  horses.  Speaking  of  this  tongue 
of  ground,  on  its  north-westerly  corner  there  is  a  fine 
display  of  the  wild  red  osier,  and,  on  its  north-easterly 
corner,  a  large  mass  of  the  small-leaved  syringa. 

Let  us  now  follow  right  around  this  Concourse.  Just 
after  passing  the  scarlet-fruited  thorn  and  the  osage 
orange,  the  Walk  sends  off  a  little  side-shoot,  to  the 
left,  down  the  bank,  west,  to  a  cosy  little  Summer 
House  by  the  Lake.  Just  as  it  turns  off,  you  will 
find  a  very  interesting  syringa.  It  is  interesting  be- 
cause, as  a  rule,  the  stamens  in  the  centre  of  the 
white-petaled  blossoms  of  syringa  are  golden  yellow, 
these  are  creamy  white  and  mark  the  shrub  as  one  of 


230 

the  variety  nivalis,  or  white  (snowy)  stamened  syringa. 
Across  from  this  syringa  is  red  maple.  If  you  go 
down  the  short  arm  of  Walk  here,  you  will  pass,  on 
your  right,  Rose  of  Sharon,  and,  beyond  it,  European 
white  birch.  Close  by  the  little  Summer  House  on 
the  border  of  the  Lake  are  a  couple  of  handsome  Tur- 
key oaks,  with  dark,  heavily-ridged  bark.  Well  out 
on  your  right,  as  you  come  down  this  arm  of  Walk, 
off  from  the  Rose  of  Sharon,  you  will  find  a  large 
mass  of  the  Hercules's  Club  or  Devil's  Walking  Stick. 
You  will  have  no  trouble  in  recognizing  them,  for  they 
are  literally  covered  with  spines  and  prickles.  Surely 
they  are  well  named.  They  have  long  leaves  which 
are  pinnately,  and  often  twice  or  thrice  pinnately  com- 
pound. The  leaflets  are  ovate  and  pointed.  In  Au- 
gust this  shrub  blooms  in  large  conspicuous  panicles 
of  greenish-white  flowers  which  are  succeeded,  in 
September,  by  small  crimson,  five-ribbed  berries.  The 
mass  here  is  thriving  surely,  and  makes  a  decided  dis- 
play at  its  time  of  bloom.  But  you  must  see  it  in  win- 
ter if  you  want  to  get  the  glory  of  its  spines. 

Come  back  now  to  the  Concourse  and  continue  its 
circuit.  Two  Walks  lead  off  from  the  northerly  side 
of  the  Concourse.  Near  the  westerly,  a  fine  cut-leaved 
beach  will  be  found,  near  the  left-hand  corner.  In  the 
right-hand  corner  of  this  westerly  branch  you  will  find 
Rhodotypos,  with  which  you  are  now  familiar.  Next 
to  the  Rhodotypos,  east  of  it,  by  the  border  of  the  Walk, 
is  sweet  syringa,  and  next  to  this  is  an  interesting  shrub 
which  you  will  do  well  to  see  in  July.  This  is  ouf 
native  buttonbush,  and  in  July  it  is  a  curious  sight, 


231 

covered  with  its  round,  button-like  balls  of  bloom. 
These  balls  or  heads  are  made  up  of  a  dense  round 
cluster  of  separate  cream-white  flowers,  each  flower 
of  which  is  tubular,  and  from  its  narrow,  four-toothed 
corolla,  the  very  long  style  sticks  up  exactly  like  a  long, 
thin  pin.  The  whole  affair  looks  precisely  as  if  it  were 
a  little  round  pin-cushion  stuck  full  of  golden-headed 
pins.  The  leaves  of  the  shrub  are  either  opposite  on  the 
branches  or  occur  three  together.  It  is  certainly  odd- 
looking  in  bloom,  and  you  should  see  it  then.  Back 
(north)  of  the  buttonbush,  down  the  slope  of  the  lawn 
a  little,  looking  toward  the  Lake,  you  will  see  the  dwarf 
Japan  catalpa.  It  has  leaves  that  are  like  the  bean 
catalpa,  but  are  more  sharply  angulated,  more  pointed, 
and  less  cordate.  The  Japan  catalpa  here  is  not  over 
five  feet  high,  and  you  can  tell  it  easily  by  these  features. 
In  the  westerly  corner  of  the  easterly  branch  of  the 
Walk,  you  will  find  scentless  syringa,  and  opposite  to  it, 
in  the  easterly  corner  of  the  Walk,  is  Missouri  cur- 
rant, which  you  met  in  the  Ramble. 

If  you  will  continue  now,  around  the  circuit  of  the 
Concourse,  bending  here,  to  the  south,  near  the  lamp- 
post, just  south  of  it,  you  will  find  the  shrub  called  the 
wayfaring  tree  (Viburnum  lantana),  of  Europe.  It  has 
scurfy  branches  and  dark-green,  thick,  wrinkled  leaves 
which  are  almost  woolly  on  the  undersides.  These 
leaves  are  from  three  to  four  inches  long,  ovate,  and 
with  bases  more  or  less  cordate.  The  shrub  flowers  in 
May,  with  the  characteristic  white  flat  cymes  typical  of 
the  viburnum,  and  these  dense  heads  are  succeeded  by 
bright-red,  egg-shaped  berries,  which  become  blue-black 


232 

when  they  are  ripe.  South  of  this  shrub,  over  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Walk  (your  left)  you  will  find  Catalpa 
bignonioides,  and  diagonally  across  from  this  catalpa, 
south,  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  you  will  find  purple- 
leaved  European  hazel,  which  will  be  readily  recognized 
by  its  dark-purple  leaves.  South  of  the  hazel,  in  the 
same  border  bed  of  the  Walk,  you  will  pass  cockspur 
thorn,  bristling  with  thorns  and  glossy  with  its  shining 
leaves.  This  thorn  is  not  far  from  a  lamp  which  stands 
a  little  south  of  it,  where  the  border  bed  on  your  right 
narrows  to  a  thin  strip. 

Let  us  now  come  back  to  where  we  branched  off,  by 
the  grounsel  tree  and  the  cottonwoods,  beyond  the 
steps,  at  the  beginning  of  this  ramble,  and  follow  the 
Walk  northerly,  as  it  runs  about  parallel  with  the  Drive. 
You  pass  silver  maple,  opposite  the  lamp  on  your  right, 
and,  just  beyond  the  maple,  scarlet  oak.  Not  very  much 
further  along  this  Walk  you  come  to  a  nestling  sheet 
of  water.  At  its  southerly  end  you  will  find  bald 
cypress,  and  back  of  the  bald  cypress  European  white 
birch.  Continuing  along  the  Walk,  note  the  gathering 
of  American  hornbeams  bordering  the  bed  on  your 
right  You  know  them  at  once  by  their  smooth,  clean- 
cut,  muscle-ridged  bark,  streaked  with  silvery  lines, 
like  veins,  and  by  their  beautiful  birch-like  leaves. 

On  either  side  of  the  cross-walk  here,  as  it  breaks 
off  to  cross  the  Drive,  you  will  see  a  fringe  tree.  They 
have  simple,  entire  leaves,  oval  or  obovate  and  placed 
opposite  each  other  on  the  branches.  See  these  trees  in 
June,  when  they  hang  full  of  their  snow-white,  fringe- 
like  flowers.  Beyond  the  northerly  fringe  tree  is  a  mass 


233 

of  Rhodotypos  again.  Here  the  Walk  swings  around 
in  a  graceful  bend  to  the  Seventy-second  Street  Gate. 
If  you  go  around  with  it,  as  it  nears  the  Drive,  to  cross 
it,  close  by  the  lamp  there,  which  is  on  your  left,  you 
will  find  a  good  sample  of  the  black  oak.  The  black 
oak  is  an  interesting  variety  of  the  scarlet  oak.  On  the 
lower  parts  of  the  tree  the  leaves  somewhat  resemble  the 
leaves  of  the  red  oak,  only  are  much  broader  at  the  top, 
with  a  kind  of  squarish  outline.  On  the  upper  parts 
of  the  tree  the  leaves  run  into  the  more  typical  forms  of 
the  scarlet  oak,  very  deeply  cut  along  the  sides,  into 
rounded  sinuses  (bays)  between  the  thin  lobes.  These 
lobes  are  bristle  tipped.  The  oaks  having  their  leaves 
tipped  with  bristles  ripen  their  acorns  in  the  second 
year,  and  hence  are  termed  biennials;  those  without 
bristles  ripen  their  acorns  within  the  year  and,  so,  are 
annuals. 

Cross  the  Drive  here  and  have  a  look  at  the  Scotch 
elm  which  rises  up  close  beside  the  parapet,  on  the 
right  of  the  Drive.  It  stands  near  a  black  cherry. 
You  can  tell  it  at  once  by  its  large,  rough  leaves. 
If  you  do  not  care  to  go  out  of  the  Park  here, 
take  the  little  arm  of  path  that  slips  off  to  the  north 
from  this  Walk,  and  snuggles  down  close  by  the  dream- 
ing waters  of  a  pretty  little  pond.  On  your  left,  in  the 
corner,  are  some  osage  oranges,  with  a  handsome  witch- 
hazel  diagonally  across  from  them,  on  the  right  of  the 
Walk.  The  witch-hazel  has  large  oval,  lop-sided  leaves 
which  are  distinctly  wavy-margined.  Crossing  the 
little  Bridge  here,  which  is  almost  hidden  away  from 
view  in  the  embowering  green,  you  pass,  on  your  left, 


234 

just  beyond  the  Bridge,  a  couple  of  American  horn- 
beams, with  some  white  mulberries,  on  the  point  that 
juts  out  into  the  water,  to  the  west  of  them.  Then  you 
pass  white  pine,  and,  beyond,  but  on  your  right  this 
time,  spicebush.  Where  this  Walk  meets  the  Drive 
beyond,  you  will  find  some  good  specimens  of  the 
pretty  Mahaleb  cherry,  of  southern  Europe.  One  of 
these  stands  on  the  southerly  end  of  the  little  "island" 
of  shrubbery  that  lies  in  the  "mouth"  of  the  Walk  here, 
opposite  the  West  Ramble  Road  Stop.  In  the  point  of 
the  border  bed,  on  the  left  of  the  Drive,  just  beyond,  you 
will  find  Chinese  juniper,  with  short,  sharp,  stifiish 
leaves  that  prick  like  thistles  if  pressed  by  the  fingers. 
West  of  this  is  plume-leaved  Japan  arbor  vitae  (Retin- 
ospora),  and  along  the  border  (southerly)  of  the  Bridle 
Path,  you  will  find  kerria,  and  a  little  west  of  it,  on  the 
southerly  border,  a  clump  of  the  dainty  Fortune's  dwarf 
white  spiraea,  which  sets  its  small,  exquisitely-cut,  tiny 
little  white  flowers  in  early  days  of  spring — almost  the 
first  of  the  spiraeas  to  bloom. 


N      N1     ' 
&3>      C/3>     - 


Explanations,  Map  No.  9 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

2.  Acanthopanax. 

3.  Pin  Oak. 

4.  Norway  Maple. 

5.  American  or  White  Elm. 

6.  Thunberg's  Barberry. 

7.  Japan  Snowball. 

8.  English  Oak. 

9.  Dwarf  or  Japan  Catalpa, 

Bunge's  Catalpa. 

10.  Turkey  Oak. 

11.  European  Linden. 

12.  Josika  Lilac. 

13.  Arrow  wood. 

14.  European  Wayfaring  Tree. 

15.  Ramanus     Rose,     Japan 

Rose. 

1 6.  Mock    Orange    or   Sweet 

Syringa    (Golden- 
leaved). 

17.  Japan  Maple. 

1 8.  Black  Haw. 

19.  American    Hornbeam, 

Blue  Beech,  Water 
Beech. 

20.  English  Elm. 

21.  European  Beech. 

22.  Weeping  Willow. 

23.  Swamp    Dogwood,    Silky 

Dogwood.  Kinnikinnik. 

24.  American  White  or  Gray 

Birch. 

25.  American  Sycamore,  But- 

ton wood,  Buttonball. 

26.  Japan  Storax. 

27.  American    Linden,  Bass- 

wood,  Bee  Tree,  White- 
wood. 

28.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

29.  Flowering  Dogwood. 

30.  Common  Privet. 

31.  Bush  or  Fortune's  Deut- 

zia  (White  flowers). 

32.  Red  Cedar. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Crat&gus  crus-galli. 
Aralia  pentaphylla. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Berberis  Thunbergii. 
Viburnum  plicatum. 
Quercus  robur. 
Catalpa  Bungei. 

Quercus  cerris. 
Tilia  Europcea. 
Syringa  Josikaa. 
Viburnum  dentatum. 
Viburnum  lantana. 
Rosa  rugosa. 

Philadelphus  coronarius,  var. 
aurea. 

Acer  polymorphum. 
Viburnum  prumfolium. 
Carpinus  Caroliniana. 


Ulmus  campestris. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Salix  Babylonica. 
Cornus  sericea. 

Betula  populifolia. 
Platanus  Occidentalis. 

Styrax  Japonica. 
Tilia  Americana. 


Cornus  stolonifera. 
Cornus  florid  a. 
Ligustrum  vulgare. 
Deutzia  crenata. 

Juniperus  Virginiana. 


240 


33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 

St 

39- 
40. 

41. 

42. 
43- 


COMMON  NAME 

Persian  Lilac. 
Common  Lilac. 
American  Beech. 
American  White  or  Gray 

Birch. 
Red  Maple. 
Black  Cherry. 
Swiss  Stone  Pine. 
Chinese  White  Magnolia, 

Yulan. 
Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 
English  Oak. 
Red-flowering  Horsechest- 

nut. 


44.  Common  Locust. 

45.  Common  Horsechestnut. 

46.  Scotch  Elm  or  Wych  Elm. 

47.  European    (or    Siberian) 

Red  Osier,  Red-stem- 
med Dogwood,  White- 
fruited  Dogwood. 

48.  Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 

49.  Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 

50.  Cotton  wood  or   Carolina 

Poplar. 

51.  American  White  Ash. 

52.  Oriental  Plane  Tree. 

53.  Tulip  Tree. 

54.  Sycamore  Maple. 

55.  Cherry  Birch,  Sweet  Birch, 

Black  Birch. 

56.  Garden    Cherry,    Morello 

Cherry. 

57.  Bald  Cypress. 

58.  European  Linden. 

59.  Day     Lily      (Orange-red 

flowers). 

60.  Broad-leaved     European 

Linden. 

6 1.  English  Cork-bark  Elm. 

62.  Spanish  Chestnut. 

63.  Hop  Hornbeam. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Syringa  Persica. 
Syringa  vulgaris. 
Fagus  ferruginea. 
Betula  populifolia. 

Acer  rubrum. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Pinus  Cembra. 
Magnolia  conspicua. 

Catalpa  bignonioides . 

Quercus  robur. 

ALsculus    hippocastanum    x 

Pavia     or    A^sculus    rubi- 

cunda. 

Robinia  pseudacacia. 
ALsculus  hippocastanum. 
Ulmus  Montana. 
Cornus  sanguinea  (or  alba). 


Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
Ailanthus  glandulosus. 

Populus  monilifera. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 
Platanus  Orientalis. 
Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Betula  lenta. 

Prunus  cerasus. 

Taxodium  distichum. 
Tilia  Euro pcs a. 
Hemerocallis  fulva. 

Tilia    Europosa,     var.    plati- 

phylla. 

Ulmus  campestris,var.suberosa 
Castanea  saliva  (or  vesca). 
Ostrya  Virginica. 


IX. 


EAST   SEVENTY-NINTH    STREET  TO    EAST   EIGHTY- 
FIFTH  STREET 

In  this  Section  you  will  find,  in  their  various  places, 
described  individually  at  length  below,  excellent  speci- 
mens of  the  Japan  storax,  the  lovely  Bumald's  spiraea, 
which  throws  up  its  crimson  heads  in  midsummer,  red- 
flowering  horsechestnuts,  masses  of  the  Japan  rose, 
golden-leaved  syringa,  Japan  maple  with  pretty  star- 
shaped  leaves,  handsome  beeches  and  sturdy  English 
oaks.  But  let  us  take  them  up  individually : — 

-ffisculus  hippocastaneum  X  Pavia,  or  -ffisculus  rubi- 
cunda.  (Red-floivering  Horse  chestnut.  No.  43.)  If 
you  enter  the  Park  at  the  Gate,  a  little  south  of 
Transverse  Road,  No.  3,  at  East  Eighty-fifth  Street, 
and  follow  the  Walk  eastward  to  the  Drive,  then  turn 
southerly  along  the  Drive  and  cross  it  at  the  second 
cross-walk  of  the  path,  you  will  find,  in  each  corner 
of  the  Walk,  where  it  meets  the  Walk  that  trends  by 
the  Reservoir,  some  rather  slender  specimens  of  this 
beautiful  hybrid  between  the  common  horsechestnut  and 
the  red  buckeye  (Pavia).  If  you  look  at  the  leaves, 
you  will  see  that  they  look  something  like  the  leaves 
of  the  common  horsechestnut.  But  they  are  only  in  a 
way  similar,  as  you  will  see  if  you  look  closely  at  the 
pointed  ends  of  the  leaflets.  You  see  these  leaflets  are 
all  wedge-obovate  and  come  down  gradually  to  a  point. 


242 

The  leaflets  of  the  common  horsechestnut  have  a  very 
broad  top,  which  rounds  quite  abruptly  to  a  short  point. 
In  late  May  or  June  these  trees  put  out  their  beautiful 
red  blossoms  in  conspicuous,  erect  terminal  racemes. 
The  individual  flowers  of  the  raceme  are  four-petaled, 
with  claws  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Eight  stamens  are 
folded  within  the  clasp  of  the  lovely  rubicund  petals. 
The  flowers  are  usually  of  a  rich  rose-red,  scarlet,  or 
sometimes  flesh-colored.  They  are  succeeded  by  nuts 
whose  husks  are  covered  with  small  prickles. 

Castanea  sativa.  (Spanish  Chestnut.  No.  62.)  Di- 
rectly south  of  the  Hamilton  Statue,  you  will  find  four 
trees,  gathered  together  in  the  form  of  a  rough  parallel- 
ogram, These  are  common  horsechestnut,  European 
linden  (south  of  the  horsechestnut),  common  horse- 
chestnut  again  (east  of  the  linden),  and  north  of  tHis 
horsechestnut  you  will  find  the  Spanish  chestnut.  The 
group  here  stands  south  of  the  Hamilton  Statue,  clear 
and  fair  on  the  open  lawn  between  the  Walk  and  the 
Drive,  and  a  little  above  a  line  from  the  northwesterly 
corner  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art. 

The  Spanish  chestnut's  leaves  are  shorter  than  those 
of  our  own  chestnut,  and  are  of  thicker,  coarser  tex- 
ture. They  are  usually  from  five  to  nine  inches  long, 
while  those  of  our  own  species  run  from  six  to  ten 
inches.  Our  own  chestnut  is  a  variety  of  the  Spanish 
stock.  Its  nuts  are  smaller,  but  sweeter.  The  leaves 
of  the  Spanish  also  differ  from  our  native  chestnuts 
in  being  slightly  pubescent  on  the  undersides.  This  is 
when  the  leaves  are  young;  as  they  develop  they  be- 
come smooth  (glabrous).  It  blooms  in  June,  with 


243 

longer  catkins  of  staminate  (pollen  bearing)  flowers, 
than  our  native  chestnut.  These  long,  spike-like,  stam- 
inate catkins  of  the  chestnut  are  very  beautiful,  in  the 
height  of  their  bloom,  seeming  to  cover  the  tree  with 
cream-white  tufts.  These  staminate  catkins  are  long, 
greenish  spikes  along  which  the  tiny  little  stamen 
clusters  are  borne,  in  small,  close,  creamy  bunches. 
The  fertile  or  pistillate  flowers  are  inconspicuous.  If 
you  look  close  you  will  find  them  at  the  bases  of  the 
sterile  (staminate)  catkins,  highest  on  the  branches,  or 
rather  nearest  the  ends  of  the  branches. 

Cornus  sericea.  (Swamp  Dogwood.  Silky  Dogwood. 
Kinnikinnik.  No.  23.)  You  will  find  a  handsome  mass 
of  this  shrub  on  the  southerly  side  of  the  Walk  which 
forks  east  and  west.  The  west  branch  runs  under  an 
Arch  to  follow  on  beside  the  Reservoir ;  the  east  branch 
skirts  the  broad  and  open  stretch  of  green  that  beds  the 
southerly  side  of  the  Drive,  south  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art.  The  most  distinguishing  feature  of 
this  shrub  is  its  leaves,  which  are  silky,  hairy  or  pubes- 
cent, especially  on  the  undersides.  From  this  the  shrub 
is  called  silky  dogwood.  Its  branchlets  are  purplish, 
often  peculiarly  marked  with  purple  above  and  green 
below.  The  shrub  blooms  in  late  spring  or  early  sum- 
mer in  compact,  flat  heads,  or  cymes,  of  white  flowers. 
A  cyme  is  usually  a  flat  cluster  of  flowers  in  which  the 
central  flower  opens  first  and  the  others  after.  This 
blooming,  or  inflorescence,  as  it  is  termed  botanically, 
is  called  centrifugal,  i.  e.  from  the  center  outward,  and 
is  the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  cyme.  The  indi- 
vidual flowers  in  the  flat-topped  clusters  of  the  shrub's 


244 

bloom  are  white  and  four-petaled.  These  are  suc- 
ceeded by  light-blue  berries. 

Spiraea  Bumalda.  (Bumald's  Spircea.  Near  No.  26.) 
In  the  burning  days  of  July  or  August,  look  for  the 
deep-pink  flowers  of  the  Bumald's  spiraea.  To  me  it 
always  suggests  the  Joe  Pye  weed  that  comes  upon  us 
with  such  lovely  and  cool  delight  along  the  dusty  road- 
sides of  midsummer  highways  in  the  country.  Its  cool, 
subdued  hue  is  restful  to  the  eye,  and  you  can  stand  and 
look  down  upon  the  open  face  of  this  frank  little  shrub 
with  a  sense  of  keen  refreshment,  all  the  keener,  because 
the  atmosphere  quivers  about  you  with  the  trembling 
heat  of  a  summer's  day. 

This  undaunted  little  shrub  bravely  spreads  its  rosy 
plume  quite  near  the  westerly  storax,  by  the  pathside 
which  cuts  the  lawn  south  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  Art.  It  is  only  a  few  feet  high,  and  you  perhaps 
would  scarcely  notice  it  except  when  in  bloom.  If  it 
is  not  in  flower,  you  can  tell  it  by  its  ovate-lanceolate 
leaves  of  about  three  inches  in  length.  These  leaves 
are  smooth  and  are  doubly  serrate,  quite  sharply  so. 
The  Anthony  Waterer  variety  of  this  spiraea  has  bright 
crimson  flowers  in  close,  dense  heads,  and  is  often  con- 
fused with  the  Bumalda. 

Styrax  Japonica.  (Japan  Storax.  No.  26.)  If  you 
enter  at  the  Eighty-first  Street  Gate,  from  Fifth  Ave- 
nue, and  follow  the  path  along  the  southerly  side  of 
the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  to  a  point  about  oppo- 
site the  extreme  southwesterly  corner  of  the  Museum, 
then  cross  the  Drive,  due  south,  and  pick  up  the  path 
again,  going  southerly,  not  very  far  along,  you  will 


245 

find,  on  your  right,  and  on  your  left,  quite  near  the 
Walk,  well-grown  specimens  of  this  handsome  Japan 
variety  of  storax.  The  westerly  one  is  near  the  Bu- 
mald's  spiraea. 

In  June  or  July  this  pretty  tree  hangs  its  branches 
full  of  pure  waxy-white  flowers,  which  droop  in  short, 
loose,  axillary  or  terminal  racemes,  one  to  four-flow- 
ered. They  are  very  beautiful,  with  bell-shaped  corol- 
las, five-lobed.  The  lobes  spread  out  in  rather  a  star- 
like  way.  The  richly  yellow  stamens,  ten  in  number 
(twice  the  number  of  the  lobes  of  the  corolla),  are 
fastened  at  the  base  of  the  corolla  and  make  a  beau- 
tiful contrast  against  the  pure  white  petals.  The 
leaves  of  this  small  tree  are  set  alternately  on  the 
branch,  are  smooth,  ovate,  or  broadly-elliptic,  pointed 
at  both  ends,  and  are  about  three  inches  long.  They  are 
finely  serrated.  When  young  the  leaves  have  stellate 
hairs.  The  flowers  are  succeeded  by  small,  round,  dry 
drupes  in  autumn. 

While  studying  the  storax  here,  it  may  be  well  to 
note  that  the  pretty  halesia  or  silverbell  tree,  which 
you  have  met  so  many  times  on  these  rambles,  is  of  the 
same  family.  The  halesia,  which  by  the  way,  gets 
its  name  from  Setphen  Hales,  a  writer  on  vegetable 
physiology,  carries  its  flowers,  also,  from  the  axils  of 
the  leaves.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  family  rela- 
tionship of  the  trees  and  shrubs  as  you  study  them.  If 
you  will  do  this,  it  will  add  great  enjoyment  to  your 
investigations. 

You  will  find  another  storax  on  the  edge  of  the 
Drive,  southwest  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art. 


246 

It  is  on  the  southerly  side  of  the  Drive  and  stands  in 
between  a  basswood,  on  the  east,  and  a  cluster  of 
Japan  snowballs  on  the  west.  The  Japan  snowballs  have 
thick,  roundish,  wrinkled  leaves.  The  basswood  large 
heart-shaped  (cordate)  leaves. 


Explanations,  Map    No.  10 


&'. 
9- 

10. 


12. 


14. 


17- 
18. 


19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 

23- 

24. 

25- 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


COMMON  NAME 

Scotch  Pine. 

Hackberry,    Sugar  berry 
Nettle  Tree. 

Red  Mulberry. 

European  Larch. 

Osage  Orange. 

Nordmann's  Silver  Fir. 

Oriental  Spruce. 

Cockspur  Thorn. 

Fontanesia. 

Indian     Currant 
Berry. 

Plume-leaved  Japan  Ar- 
bor Vitae. 

Austrian  Pine. 

Golden     Plume-leaved 
Japan  Arbor  Vita?. 

Chinese  Juniper. 

Globe  Flower,  Japan  Rose 
or    Kerria     (Double 
flowered) . 

American  or  White  Elm. 

Pin  Oak. 

Common  Swamp  Blue- 
berry, High-bush  Blue- 
berry. 

Cephalotaxus. 

European  White  Birch. 

Hemlock. 

Black  Haw. 

Prostrate  Juniper. 

Giant  Arbor  Vitae. 

Shagbark  Hickory. 

Red  Maple. 

Sugar  or  Rock  Maple. 

Bush  Deutzia. 

Scotch  Pine. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Pinus  sylvestris. 
Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Morus  rubra. 
Larix  Europcca. 
Maclura  aurantiaca. 
Abies  Nordmanniana. 
Picea  Orientalis. 
Cratazgus  crus-galli. 
Fontanesia  Fortunei. 
Coral     Symphoricarpos  vulgaris. 

Chamacyparis  (or  Retinos- 
pora)  pisifera,  var.  pluntosa. 

Pinus  Austriaca. 

Cham&cyparis  (or  Retinos- 
pora)  pisifera,  var.  plumosa 
aurea. 

Juniperus  Chinensis. 

Kerria  Japonica. 


Ulmus  Americana. 

?uercus  palustris. 
actinium  corymbosum. 


Cephalotaxus  Fortunei. 
Beluta  alba. 
Tsuga  Canadensis. 
Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Juniperus  prostrata. 
Thuya  gigantea. 
Carya  alba. 
Acer  rubrum. 
Acer  saccharinum. 
Deutzia  crenata. 
Pinus  sylvestris. 


252 


COMMON  NAME 

30.  Thunberg's  Barberrv. 

3 1 .  Cut-leaved  Weeping  Euro- 

pe an  White  Birch. 

32.  Norway  Maple. 

33.  Norway  Spruce, 

34.  Bhotan  Pine. 

35.  Panicled  Dogwood. 

36.  Panicled  Dogwood. 

37.  American  White  Ash. 

38.  Tree  Box  or  Boxwood. 

39.  Bayberry,  Wax  Myrtle. 

40.  Chinese  Golden  Larch. 

41.  Plume-leaved  Japan  Ar- 

bor Vitae. 

42.  Ninebark. 

43.  Holly-leaved    Barberry, 

Oregon  Barberry,  Ash- 
berry. 

44.  Mugho  Pine. 

45.  Japan  Cedar. 

46.  Bald  Cypress. 

47.  Eastern  Arbor  Vitae. 

48.  Cephalotaxus. 

49 .  Black  Cherry. 

50.  Douglas  Spruce. 

51.  Red  Cedar. 

52.  Colorado  Blue  Spruce.    ' 

53.  Weeping  European  Larch. 

54.  European  White  Birch. 

55.  American  white  or  Gray 

Birch. 

56.  Japan  Arbor  Vitae  (Var- 

iety squarrosa). 

57.  Swiss  Stone  Pine. 

58.  American  or  White  Elm. 

59.  Globe  Flower,  Japan  Rose 

or     Kerria     (Double- 
flowered). 

60.  Moss     Pink    or    Ground 

Pink. 

6 1.  Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 

Forsythia. 

62.  Japan  Yew. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Berberis  Thunbergii. 

Betula  alba,  var.  pendula  lac- 

iniata. 

Acer  platanoides. 
Picea  excelsa. 
Pinus  excelsa. 
Cornus  paniculata. 
Cornus  paniculata. 
Fraxinus  Americana. 
Buxus  sempervirens. 
Myrica  cerifera. 
Pseudolarix  Kcempferi. 
Cham&cyparis     (or     Retinos- 

pord)  pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Physocarpus  (or  Spir&a)  opu- 

fifolia. 
Mahonia  aquifolia. 


Pinus  Montana,  var.  Mughus. 
Cryptomeria  Japonica. 
Taxodium  Distichum. 
Thuya  (or  Biota)  Orientalis. 
Cephalotaxus  Fortunei. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Pseudotsuga  Douglasii. 
Juniperus  Virginiana. 
Picea  pungens. 
Larix  Europcea,  var.  pendula. 
Betula  alba. 
Betula  populifolia. 

Chamcecyparis  (or  Retinos- 
pora)  pisifera,  var.  squar- 
rosa. 

Pinus  Cembra. 

Ulmus  Americana. 

Kerria  Japonica,  var.  flore 
plena. 

Phlox  ubulata. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 
Taxus  adpressa. 


253 


COMMON  NAME 

63.  White  Pine. 

64.  Cedar  of  Lebanon. 

65.  English  Yew. 

66.  Lovely  Azalea,  partly  sur- 

rounded by  mass  of 
Lily  of  the  Valley  Tree. 

67.  Lily  of  the  Valley  Tree. 

68.  High-bush     Blueberry, 

Swamp  Blueberry. 

69.  Catesby's  Andromeda. 

70.  Cephalonian  Silver  Fir. 

71.  Turkey  Oak. 

72.  American  Sycamore,  But- 

ton wood,  Buttonball. 

73.  European  Bird  Cherry. 

74.  *  Procumbent  Juniper. 

75.  Paper  or  Canoe  Birch. 

76.  Reeve's  Spiraea. 

77.  Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 

78.  Adam's  Needle. 

79.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

80.  Tartarian  Honeysuckle. 

8 1.  Douglas's  Spiraea. 
8.-?.  Irish  Yew. 

83.  Van  Houtte's  Spiraea. 

84.  Norway  Maple. 

85.  Scaled  Juniper. 

86.  Swamp    Dogwood,    Silky 

Dogwood,  Kinnikinnik. 

87.  Paper  Mulberry. 

88.  European  Purple  Beech. 

89.  Honey  Locust. 

90.  European  Hornbeam. 

91.  Rosemary -leaved  Willow. 

92.  Oleaster  or  Wild  Olive 

Tree. 
93-  Cup  Plant. 

94.  Tartarian    Honeysuckle 

(White  flowers). 

95.  Lombardy  Poplar. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Pinus  strobus. 
Cedrus  Libani. 
Taxus  baccata. 

Azalea    amoena    and    Andro- 
meda floribunda. 

Andromeda  floribunda. 
V actinium  corybosum. 

Andromeda    (or  Leucothoe) 

Catesb&i. 

Abies  Cephalonica. 
Quercus  cerris. 
Platanus  Occidentals. 

Prunus  padus. 

Juniperus  communis,  var.  pro- 

cumbens. 

Betula  papyrifera. 
Spires  a  Reevesiana. 
Ailanthus  glandulosus. 

Yucca  filamentosa. 
Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Lonicera  Tartarica. 
Spires  a  Douglasi. 
Taxus  baccata,  var.  fastigiata. 
Spiraa.Van  Houttei. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Juniperus'  squamata. 
Cornus  sericea. 

Broussonetia  papyrifera. 
Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  atropur- 

purea. 

Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
Carpinus  betulus. 
Salix   rosmarinifolia    (or  in- 

cana) . 
Rlcsagnus  angustifolia. 

Silphium  perfoliatum. 
Lonicera  Tartarica,  var.  alba. 

Populus  dUatata. 


254 


96. 

97- 

98. 

99- 

100. 

101. 


COMMON  NAME 

Dog  Rose,  Canker  Rose, 

Wild  Brier. 
Heather. 
Lovely  Azalea. 
Common  Snowball. 

Guelder  Rose. 
Savin  Juniper. 
Dwarf  Cranberry. 


102.  High-bush  Cranberry. 

103.  Shrubby  Cinquefoil. 

104.  Oriental  Spruce. 

105.  Oleaster  or   Wild  Olive 

Tree. 

106.  Evergreen   Thorn,    Fire 

Thorn. 

107.  English    Yew    (Variety 

Elegantissima) . 

1 08.  Scotch  Elm,  Wych  Elm. 

109.  Dog  Rose,  Canker  Rose, 

Wild  Brier, 
no.  Japan  Holly, 
in.  European  Larch. 

112.  Purple-flowering    Rasp- 

berry. 

113.  Alternate-leaved 

wood. 

114.  Smoke  Tree. 

115.  Buttonbush. 

1 1 6.  Reeve's  Spiraea. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Rosa  canina. 

Calluna  vulgar  is. 

Azalea  amcena. 

Viburnum  opulis,  var.  sterilis. 

Juniperus  sabina. 

viburnum  opulis  (or  oxycoc- 

cus),  var.  nanum. 
Viburnum   opulis  (or  oxycoc- 

cus). 

Potentilla  fruticosa. 
Picea  Orientalis. 
Elcsagnus  angustifolia. 

Cratagus  pyracantha. 

Taxus  baccata,  var.  elegantis- 

sima. 

Ulmus  Montana. 
Rosa  canina. 

Ilex  crenata. 
Larix  Europcea. 
Rubus  odoratus. 


Dog-     Cornus  alternifolia. 

Rhus  cotinus. 
Cephalanthus  Occidentalis. 
Spir&a  Reevesiana. 


X. 


WEST   SEVENTY-NINTH    STREET  TO  WEST  EIGHTY- 
SIXTH  STREET 

In  this  Section  you  will  find  many  interesting  things. 
In  a  way,  all  its  own,  it  is,  I  think,  one  of  the  most  at- 
tractive parts  of  the  Park.  It  is  especially  so  along  the 
Walk  by  the  Reservoir,  where  you  meet  the  beautiful 
Chinese  golden  larch,  the  interesting  Japan  cedar,  the 
Cedar  of  Lebanon,  and  many  others. 

Enter  at  the  West  Eighty-first  Street  Gate,  take  the 
Walk  at  your  right,  and  proceed  to  the  Swiss  Cottage. 
Almost  as  you  enter,  you  pass  a  good  osage  orange,  on 
the  right  of  the  Walk.  The  lawn  here  swells  up  in  a 
gentle  rise  of  velvet  and,  crowning  its  ridge,  a  gnarled 
old  hackberry  twists  its  branches.  You  have,  no  doubt, 
by  this  time  learned  to  know  this  tree  on  sight,  from  its 
trunk  alone,  covered  as  it  is  with  warty  ridges  and 
knobs.  Just  to  the  northeast  of  this  tree  you  will  find 
an  excellent  specimen  of  the  red  mulberry,  with  large, 
thick  leaves,  which  are  rough  on  the  uppersides,  and 
of  a  dull,  darkish  green.  How  different  these  are  from 
the  bright,  glossy,  green  leaves  of  the  white  mulberry. 
You  can  tell  this  tree  easily  by  its  leaves,  which  are  of 
the  true  mulberry  cut,  mitten  shaped,  with  and  without 
thumbs.  Off  to  the  east  of  the  red  mulberry,  you  will 
see  European  larch,  full  of  its  black  cones.  On  your 
left,  you  will  find,  opposite  a  lamp-post  by  the  Drive, 


256 

several  small  Nordmann's  silver  firs.  You  know  them 
readily  by  their  leaves,  narrow,  linear,  about  an  inch 
long,  with  a  small  but  very  distinct  cut  or  notch  at  the 
tip,  and  with  fine,  silvery  lines  on  the  undersides.  Near 
the  point  of  the  Walk  with  the  fork  beyond,  you  will 
see  another  evergreen.  It  is  the  fourth  from  the  end 
here  and  is  a  fair  specimen  of  Oriental  spruce.  Note 
the  difference  between  a  leaf  of  this  tree  and  a  leaf  of 
the  Nordmann.  The  leaf  of  the  spruce  is  four-sided, 
the  leaf  of  the  fir  is  flat.  This  is  one  of  the  chief  points 
of  difference  between  the  spruce  and  the  fir.  The  foli- 
age of  the  Oriental  spruce  is  dark  green.  Its  leaves 
are  very  short,  quarter  of  an  inch,  blunt  and  stubby. 
Next  to  the  spruce  you  pass  cockspur  thorn,  then 
Fontanesia,  with  willow-like  leaves,  and,  in  the  angle 
of  the  fork  made  by  the  junction  of  the  Walks,  coral- 
berry  or  Indian  currant. 

Continuing  to  the  southeast,  where  this  Walk  crosses 
the  Drive,  you  will  find,  on  your  left,  European  white 
birch;  on  your  right,  Cephalotaxus.  Look  at  the  un- 
dersides of  these  leaves.  You  see  they  are  distinctly 
whitish.  This  is  one  of  its  distinguishing  marks,  by 
which  you  can  immediately  tell  it  from  the  English 
yew,  the  leaves  of  which  its  leaves  closely  resemble. 
The  undersides  of  the  yew's  leaves  are  yellowish  green. 

Cross  the  Drive,  and  take  up  the  Walk,  south,  to  the 
crossing  that  leads  to  the  Swiss  cottage.  Just  as  you 
cross  here  to  the  Cottage,  you  have  on  your  left,  in  the 
point  of  the  bed  between  Walk  and  Drive,  a  good  sized 
Austrian  pine  and  a  mass  of  beautiful  Reeve's  spiraea 
with  rather  lanceolate  leaves. 


t, 

£  2 

^—          rt 

x 


257 

At  the  Swiss  Cottage  follow  the  Walk  that  runs 
northerly  beside  the  Drive.  It  will  lead  you  by  many 
beautiful  things.  In  the  rather  long  oval  bed,  in  front 
of  the  Swiss  Cottage,  at  its  southerly  end,  you  will  see 
a  well  grown  Norway  maple,  and  near  it  a  cut-leaved 
European  white  birch,  with  beautifully  cut  leaves.  On 
the  left  of  the  Walk,  set  in  the  border  bed  between  the 
Walk  and  the  Drive,  almost  opposite  the  northerly  end 
of  the  oval  bed  which  we  have  just  spoken  of,  in  front 
of  the  Swiss  Cottage,  you  will  see  several  rather  upright 
bushes.  Their  leaves  at  once  tell  you  that  they  belong 
to  the  dogwood  family.  Their  upright  form  of  growth 
might  lead  you  to  suppose  that  they  were  Corral  stricta, 
but  they  are  not.  They  are  C.paniculata.  Note  the  whit- 
ish undersides  of  their  leaves,  which  distinguishes  them 
at  once  from  C.  stricta,  whose  undersides  are  greenish 
and  not  whitish.  As  you  pass  on,  to  the  north,  when 
you  have  come  about  midway  between  the  panicled 
dogwood  and  the  rock  mass  which  comes  down  close 
to  the  Walk,  ahead,  on  your  right,  take  a  good  look  at 
the  handsome  evergreen  which  stands  back  (east)  a 
little  and  out  upon  the  lawn.  It  is  a  splendid  example 
of  the  Bhotan  pine — one  of  the  handsomest,  if  not  the 
handsomest,  specimen  of  its  kind  in  the  Park.  It  is 
nobly  formed,  with  great  broad  reaches  of  boughs  that 
are  superb.  The  fine  long  leaves  of  this  tree  are  so 
responsive  to  every  breath  of  breeze  that  they  are 
almost  constantly  in  motion,  rippling  the  sunlight  in 
continuous  waves  of  silvery  sheen.  The  trunk  of  this 
tree  has  a  noticeable  tilt  which  gives  it  a  leaning  look, 
and  which  will  easily  mark  it  for  you.  Close  by  the 


253 

rock  mass  at  the  right  of  the  Walk  beyond,  is  a  sturdy 
white  or  American  ash.  What  a  handsome  strong 
bark  it  has!  Do  you  catch  the  lozenge-like  cut  of  its 
plates,  made  by  the  cross  run  of  the  ridges?  If  there 
is  one  tree  that  has  a  distinctive  bark,  it  is  our  white  ash. 
On  the  other  side  (northerly)  of  the  rock,  still  on  the 
right  of  the  Walk,  you  will  find  a  hale  old  hackberry, 
and  beside  it  a  good  mass  of  box.  Here  the  Walk  be- 
gins to  bend  to  the  right  (east)  to  meet  the  fork  of 
the  Walk  that  has  run  down  close  by  the  Reservoir. 
This  is  a  lovely  little  spot  in  here  and  one  which  appeals 
to  you  strongly ;  for  it  holds  many  very  beautiful  things. 
Here,  tall  and  conical  Retinosporas,  of  the  lovely  plume- 
leaved  variety,  rear  their  forms;  here  the  wax-berry1 
and  the  Japan  cedar  will  be  found ;  the  Chinese  golden 
larch  and  many  others.  But  let  us  hunt  them  out. 

The  tree  here  of  especial  interest  is  the  Chinese  gol- 
den larch.  It  is  called  Pseudolarix  K&mpferi.  The 
designation  Pseudolarix  (false  larch)  has  been  put 
upon  the  tree  by  botanists,  because  it  has  the  deciduous 
trick  of  larch,  in  dropping  its  leaves,  but  has  not  the 
larch  habit  of  holding  its  cone.  The  cone  of  the  larch 
proper  is  persistent,  that  is,  clings  as  whole  to  its 
branch.  The  cone  of  the  Pseudolarix  is  not  at  all 
persistent,  but  falls  away  in  broken  scales,  like  the 
cones  of  the  firs.  And  speaking  of  these  cones  of 
the  Pseudolarix,  I  do  not  think  I  have  ever  seen 
lovelier.  They  are  like  wax  roses.  You  will  have 
no  difficulty  in  identifying  the  tree,  for  its  leaves  are 
very  distinctive.  These  are  gathered  together  in  very 
pretty  rosette-like  clusters,  and  are  noticeably  saber- 


^Hi^^HI^^^^H^^^BH^M^^HI^^HI^^^BMMiM^H^HBH^^HHHBHJ 


CHINESE  GOLDEN  LARCH  (Pscudolarix  Kcempferi) 
Map  10.    No.  40. 


259 

shaped.  They  are  about  two  inches  long,  flat,  and 
linear,  and  are  gently  curved,  like  miniature  sabers. 
They  are  of  a  pale  green,  when  they  first  come  out, 
in  the  spring,  very  beautiful  to  behold,  but  get  a  little 
darker,  as  the  season  advances.  In  the  autumn  they 
turn  a  pale  golden  yellow,  whence  the  name,  golden 
larch.  Being  of  the  larch  character,  the  tree  drops 
its  leaves,  and  this  occurs  just  after  they  have  turned 
to  their  beautiful  golden  hue.  See  the  tree  then  by 
all  means.  It  is  very  beautiful. 

Right  in  the  angle  of  the  fork  of  the  Walk  here, 
you  will  find  ninebark.  Diagonally  across  from  it,  to 
the  southwest,  near  the  west  border  of  the  Walk  (the 
one  forming  the  left  branch  of  the  fork  here),  you 
will  find  bayberry  or  wax-myrtle.  It  is  easily  known 
by  its  leaves,  which  are  very  fragrant.  Rub  them, 
and  then  smell  of  your  fingers.  The  leaves  are  lance- 
oblong  and  are  entire,  generally.  As  they  grow  older, 
they  become  glossy  on  the  uppersides.  Clustered  in 
a  noticeable  way  along  its  branches,  you  will  find  the 
berry  which  gives  the  shrub  its  name — bayberry  or 
wax-myrtle.  They  are  clustered  together  in  little 
bunches.  The  berries  themselves  are  not  very  large — 
smaller  than  small  peas,  and  are  all  crusted  over  with 
greenish-white  wax.  The  shrub  belongs  to  the  sweet 
gale  family,  Myricacece. 

Diagonally  across  from  the  ninebark  again,  but  to 
the  northwest,  close  by  the  westerly  side  of  the  Walk, 
just  beyond  the  fork,  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  Japan 
cedar  (Cryptomeria  Japonica),  which  you  met  with, 
down  in  the  Ramble.  Note  their  four-sided,  stiffish, 


260 

curved  leaves,  which,  sessile  at  the  base,  taper  grad- 
ually down  to  a  sharp  tip.  Directly  opposite  the 
Cryptomeria,  you  will  find  Mugho  pine,  with  thick, 
short  leaves  about  two  inches  long,  stiff,  dark  green, 
twisted,  two  together  in  a  sheath  or  fascicle.  The 
Mugho  is  on  the  right  of  the  Walk. 

As  you  go  northerly,  you  pass  Mahonia,  with  holly- 
like  leaves,  and  back  of  it,  a  handsome  mass  of  Cephalo- 
taxus,  with  leaves  whitish  on  the  undersides.  Back 
of  this  (east  of  it)  stands  Thuya  (or  Biota)  Orien- 
talis,  with  small  leaves,  pressed  flat,  of  a  bright  green 
hue.  These  leaves  are  rhombic  -  egg  -  shaped,  sharp- 
pointed,  and  have  a  small  gland  on  the  back.  The 
tree  is  tall  and  rather  thin  of  foliage.  At  the  next 
fork  of  the  Walk,  is  red  cedar,  on  the  right,  and  Ret- 
inospora  plumosa,  on  the  left. 

It  is  worth  your  while,  here,  to  turn  off,  for  a 
moment,  and  follow  the  branch  that  slips  off  to  the 
left,  under  the  arch  beneath  the  Drive,  to  see  the 
Thuya  gigantea  and  the  rich  mass  of  prostrate  juniper, 
both  on  the  westerly  border  of  the  Bridle  Path,  south 
of  the  Arch.  You  can  locate  them  easily  by  the  map. 
The  Thuya  has  leaves  larger  than  the  common  Amer- 
ican arbor  vitae,  and  the  juniper  should  be  seen  in 
winter.  Then  it  is  of  a  rich  velvety  dark  green.  The 
mass  here  creeps  and  trails  over  rocks,  close  by  the 
Bridle  Path,  and  its  color  is  truly  beautiful.  It  is 
close  by  a  black  haw. 

Continue  now,  northerly,  along  the  Walk  by  the 
Reservoir.  Almost  in  line  with  the  first  lamp  on  the 
Bridle  Path  (see  the  map)  is  white  pine.  This  is 


5    o 


26l 

close  by  the  westerly  border  of  the  Walk.  A  little 
beyond  the  pine,  north,  is  a  cluster  of  three.  The 
first  is  white  ash;  the  second,  plumosa;  the  third  is 
Taxus  adpressa.  The  Taxus  stands  midway  west  of 
the  ash  and  the  plumosa.  It  has  very  closely  ap- 
pressed  leaves.  In  line  with  the  next  lamp  on  the 
Bridle  Path,  close  by  the  Walk,  is  Cedar  of  Lebanon. 
You  can  know  it  by  its  leaves,  which  are  gathered  in 
rosette-like  bundles.  The  individual  leaves  are  sharp- 
pointed,  needle-like  and  quite  stiff.  Beyond,  a  little 
back  on  the  lawn,  are  two  beautiful  golden-leaved 
varieties  of  the  plume-leaved  Retinospora.  At  the 
next  fork,  there  is  an  interesting  triangle.  At  its 
southerly  corner  is  Nordman's  silver  fir;  at  its  east- 
erly, Chinese  juniper,  with  stiff,  sharp  leaves;  at  its 
westerly,  a  beautiful  Retinospora  squarrosa.  The 
squarrosa  gets  its  name  from  the  rather  square-like 
way  its  soft  leaves  grow  out  from  the  branch.  It  is 
a  beautiful  shrub,  with  soft  silvery  green  foliage.  In 
winter  it  often  turns,  in  parts,  a  delicate  copperish  or 
reddish  bronze  which  is  very  beautiful  through  its 
silvery  green.  There  is  another  mass  of  this,  just 
across  the  Walk,  at  the  north,  back  of  the  Yucca. 
Across  from  the  squarrosa  in  the  west  angle  of  the 
triangle  here,  you  will  find  Van  Houtte's  spiraea,  and 
back  of  this  spiraea,  a  fair  specimen  of  the  Douglas 
spiraea,  with  reddish  brown  branches,  and  leaves 
densely  white  on  the  undersides. 

Continue  along  the  Walk,  to  the  Drive  Crossing 
above,  cross  the  Drive,  and  take  the  Walk  that  leads 
to  Bolivar  Hill.  On  the  way,  near  the  next  fork  of 


262 

the  Walk,  you  pass  a  fine  display  of  paper  mulberries. 
These  lean  out  from  the  rock,  off  to  the  south  of  the 
Walk,  and  are  very  handsome  with  their  gray  banded 
bark  and  curiously  cut  leaves.  The  one  at  the  easterly 
end  of  the  large  rock  here  is  very  handsome.  Note 
the  bands  of  darker  hue  on  their  bark.  Southeast  of 
this  rock,  out  upon  the  lawn,  you  will  find  a  splendid 
mass  of  the  scaled  juniper.  It  is  a  low,  trailing 
growth,  and  is  about  in  line  with  a  white  pine,  on  the 
east,  and  a  lamp  by  the  Bridle  Path,  on  the  west. 
You  will  know  it  easily  by  its  low,  trailing  growth, 
and  thick  moss-like  foliage.  Its  leaves  are  small, 
linear-lanceolate,  sharp-pointed,  and  convex  on  the 
outer  sides.  They  are  glaucous  on  the  undersides; 
green  on  the  uppersides.  These  leaves  are  generally 
in  threes,  and  rather  loosely  pressed  together.  This 
gives  the  branches  a  pretty,  tufty  appearance.  The 
mass  here  is  very  handsome,  and  it  is  thriving  in  a 
way  that  delights  your  heart.  This  is  the  same  kind 
of  low  juniper  you  met  near  the  Terrace,  on  its  west- 
erly ridge. 

At  the  fork  of  the  Walk,  beyond  the  paper  mul- 
berries, you  will  find  Austrian  pines,  and  off  to  the 
left  of  the  one  on  the  east  of  the  Walk,  you  will  come 
upon  a  lusty  young  purple  beech.  Where  this  branch 
of  Walk  (the  left  one)  meets  the  Drive,  an  American 
hornbeam  stands  in  the  left  corner,  and  a  honey  locust 
in  the  right.  Cross  the  Drive  and  take  up  the  path 
again  toward  Bolivar  Hill.  On  your  left,  near  the 
corner  of  the  Walk  here,  just  after  you  have  crossed 
the  Drive,  you  will  see  some  low  shrubs  with  very 


I  # 


Swiss  STONE  PINE  (Pinus  Cembra) 
Map  10.    No.  57. 


thin,  narrow  leaves.  If  you  look  at  these  leaves  closely, 
you  will  see  that  their  margins  are  slightly  rolled 
over  (revolute).  They  are  Rosemary-leaved  willows, 
some  handsome  examples  of  which  you  met  down  on 
Section  No.  5,  near  the  Conservatory  Lake.  In  the 
angle  of  the  fork,  beyond,  is  Tartarian  honeysuckle 
which  blooms  with  white  flowers.  This  is  variety 
alba.  On  the  left,  as  you  turn  to  go  south,  toward 
Bolivar  Hill,  you  pass  some  young  Lombardy  poplars, 
with  close-hugged  branches  and  small,  broad-deltoid 
leaves. 

Continue  on  this  Walk,  up  the  Hill,  and,  on  the 
right  of  the  Walk  (west),  about  opposite  the  Bolivar 
Statue,  you  will  see  a  goodly  cluster  of  common  snow- 
balls. Where  the  arm  of  Drive  comes  in  here,  at  the 
north,  in  its  southwest  corner,  you  will  find  Rosa 
canina,  the  Dog  Rose,  Canker  Rose,  or  Wild  Brier. 
Its  leaflets  are  five  to  seven,  obtuse  at  base  and  tip, 
of  an  oval  shape,  and  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long. 
They  are  of  rather  thickish  texture,  smooth  above,  and 
frequently  downy  on  the  undersides.  The  flowers, 
light  pink,  occur  solitary  or  in  clusters  of  threes.  The 
hips  are  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch  long,  egg- 
shaped,  and  of  a  brilliant  orange-red,  often  scarlet. 
The  shrub's  recurving  branches  are  beset  with  hooked 
prickles.  Off  to  the  northeast  of  the  Dog  Rose,  trail- 
ing down  over  the  east  side  of  this  arm  of  Drive,  is 
another  rich  mass  of  the  scaled  juniper.  A  lamp  stands 
on  the  east  border  of  the  Drive  encircling  Bolivar 
Statue,  about  opposite  the  Dog  Rose.  Close  by  this 
lamp  is  a  sturdy  Colorado  blue  spruce.  Follow  this 


264 

border  of  the  Drive,  southerly,  and  a  little  southeast, 
of  Bolivar  Statue,  on  the  border,  you  will  find  Elcc- 
agnus  angustifolia,  the  oleaster,  with  entire,  lanceolate 
leaves  which  have  a  very  distinctive  silvery  cast 
through  their  pale  gray  green.  You  have  met  a  good 
specimen  of  this  on  Section  No.  2.  Down  the  slope 
of  the  Hill  here,  a  little  east  of  the  place  where  the 
Drive  makes  its  exit  from  around  Bolivar  Statue  to 
the  south,  you  will  find  fire-thorn,  a  specimen  of  which 
you  met  down  near  the  Sheepfold,  on  Section  No.  4. 
On  the  border  of  the  bed,  to  the  south  of  Bolivar 
Statue,  are  clustered  close  together,  Juniperus  sabina; 
Viburnum  opulis  (or  oxyccocus),  var.  nanum;  Vi- 
burnum opulis  (or  oxyccocus],  and  Potentilla  fruti- 
cosa.  The  savin  juniper  here  (sabina),  is  a  trailing 
one,  with  dark  green,  slightly  spreading,  awl-shaped, 
sharp-pointed  leaves.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Alps,  the 
Pyrenees,  and  Canada.  Southwest  of  this  juniper 
is  the  dwarf  cranberry  bush  (Viburnum  opulis,  var. 
nanum)  with  small  leaves  and  of  rather  compact  form; 
almost  due  east  of  this  is  shrubby  cinquefoil  (Poten- 
tilla fruticosa),  and  directly  north  of  this,  close  by 
the  border  of  the  open  space  of  Drive  which  encircles 
the  Bolivar  Statue,  is  the  high  bush  cranberry.  This 
has  more  name  than  height.  You  can  tell  it  by  its 
leaves,  which  are  distinctly  three-lobed  and  three- 
nerved  (veined). 

As  the  Drive  makes  its  exit  at  the  south  of  the 
little  concourse  about  the  Bolivar  Statue,  it  winds 
slowly  down  the  Hill  to  meet  the  main  West  Drive. 
Near  its  junction  with  the  Drive,  there  is  a  handsome 


CEDAR  OF  LEBANON  (Cedrus  Libani) 
Map  10.     No.  64. 


Cedar  of  Lebanon.  This  beautiful  tree  spreads  out 
its  darkly  foliaged  boughs,  just  east  of  a  good-sized 
white  ash,  with  a  low  dense  mass  of  the  elegantissima 
variety  of  the  English  yew,  to  the  north  of  it,  and  a 
pretty,  lusty  young  fire-thorn  south  of  it. 

If  you  should  follow  the  Walk  from  the  south  of 
the  Bolivar  Concourse,  at  the  place  where  it  bends 
around  quite  quickly  in  a  curve  to  the  east,  you  will 
pass  a  cluster  of  European  larches  on  your  left,  with 
an  Oriental  spruce  on  your  right.  The  larches  have 
black  persistent  cones  clinging  amid  their  branches, 
and  rosette-like  clusters  of  leaves.  These  leaves  are 
about  an  inch  long,  are  soft,  flat  and  linear,  and  of  a 
light  tender  green,  very  beautiful  in  spring.  The 
spruce  has  stout,  thick,  obtuse,  four-sided  leaves  which 
are  scarcely  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  So  you  can 
make  no  mistake  about  these  trees. 

At  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk,  turn  to  your  right, 
and  go  southerly  to  the  next  branch,  which  is  at  the 
Drive  Crossing,  not  far  from  the  Eighty-first  Street 
Gate,  where  we  entered  for  this  ramble.  At  the  Drive 
Crossing,  in  either  corner  of  the  Walk  there,  you  will 
find  large  masses  of  the  pretty  Fontanesia,  easily  rec- 
ognized by  its  willow-like  leaves.  The  Fontanesia  be- 
longs to  the  Oleacea  family  and  as  has  been  said  before, 
gets  its  name  from  Desfontaines,  a  French  botanist, 
born  1752  and  died  1833.  The  shrub  has  opposite, 
narrow,  willow-like  leaves,  which  are  entire.  It  is  a 
Chinese  importation  and,  in  the  Park  here,  is  certainly 
thriving.  It  blooms  in  May  or  June  in  short  panicles 
at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  The  panicles  are  made  up 


266 

of  cream-white,  perfect  flowers,  with  four  petals.  To 
the  west  of  the  westerly  Fontanesia  is  a  good  clump  of 
Van  Houtte's  spiraea,  and  with  this  we  will  end  our 
ramble  over  this  Section. 


Q; 

^s 


J  ---- 


:«J 


N9II 

EAST  80™ 


ST. 


ST 


89  r"  ST 


ST. 


Explanations,  Map  No.   11 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  Day    Lily    (Orange-red 

2.  flowers). 
Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 

3.  Sycamore  Maple. 

4.  Honey  Locust. 

5.  English  Hawthorn. 

6.  Scotch  Elm. 

7.  Common  Barberry. 

8.  Pin  Oak. 

9.  English  Elm. 

10.  Smooth-leaved  English 

Elm. 

11.  Turkey  Oak. 

12.  European  Silver  Linden. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Hemerocallis  fulva. 

Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

Acer  pseudoplatanus. 

Gleditschia  triacanthos. 

Crat&gus  oxyacantha. 

Ulmus  Montana. 

Berberis  vulgaris. 

Quercus  palustris. 

Ulmus  campestris. 

Ulmus  campestris,    var.    lewis 

(or  glabra). 
Quercus  cerris. 

Tilia  Eur opera,  var.  argentea 
(or  alba). 


XL 
EAST  NINETIETH  STREET  AND  VICINITY. 

There  is  nothing  in  this  Section  which  you  have  not 
met  before,  if  you  have  followed  the  rambles  in  the 
earlier  part  of  this  book,  but  there  are  some  things 
here  worthy  of  your  notice  as  you  pass  along  the 
Walks. 

As  you  enter  at  the  East  Ninetieth  Street  Gate,  and 
take  the  Walk,  at  your  right,  which  runs  northerly 
beside  the  Drive,  you  will  pass  beneath  a  splendid 
colonade  of  sycamore  maples.  Almost  the  whole 
stretch  of  the  Walk,  up  to  where  it  bends  away  to 
the  west,  is  lined  with  these  maples,  and  they  are  in 
fine  condition.  Note  the  thick,  five-lobed  leaves,  with 
their  reddish  (usually,  though  not  always)  leaf -stems 
(petioles). 

Directly  in  front  (west)  of  the  Ninetieth  Street 
Gate,  there  is  a  bed  between  Drive  and  Bridle  Path. 
On  the  southerly  end  of  this  bed  you  will  find  sycamore 
maple  and  common  barberry;  at  its  northerly  end 
sycamore  maple  again.  Down  at  the  extreme  south 
of  this  area  (see  the  map),  on  the  westerly  border  of 
the  Drive,  nearly  opposite  Eighty-seventh  Street,  you 
will  see  a  pretty  clump  of  the  day  lily  (Hemerocallis 
fulva),  which  blooms  in  late  July  or  early  August 
with  orange-hued  flowers.  You  can  readily  recognize 
it  by  its  leaves  which,  bending  and  lance-like,  make 
you  think  of  thick  sedge  grass.  There  is  another 
clump  of  this  down  on  Section  No.  9,  near  the  border 
of  the  Drive. 


Explanations,  Map  No.  12 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  Chinese  Cork  Tree. 

2.  Black  Haw. 

3.  Ninebark. 

4.  Lombardy  Poplar. 

5.  Cut-leaved  Weeping  Euro- 

pean White  Birch. 

6.  Japan  Shadbush. 

7.  Japan  Snowball. 

8.  Thunberg's  or  Japan  Bar- 

berry. 

9.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

10.  Austrian  Pine. 

1 1 .  Plume-leaved  Japan  Ar- 

bor Vitag. 

12.  Weigela. 

13.  Reeve's  Spirsea. 

14.  Tree  Box  or  Boxwood. 

15.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

1 6.  Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 

17.  White  Pine 

18.  American  White  or  Gray 

Birch. 

19.  Scotch  Pine. 

20.  Norway  Maple. 
2.  i .  Yellow  Pine. 

22.  Bhotan  Pine. 

23.  Turkey  Oak. 

24.  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

25.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

26.  Large-thorned  Hawthorn. 

27.  English  Hawthorn. 

28.  Common  Quince. 

29.  Red     or     River     Birch, 

Black  Birch. 

30.  Chinese  Juniper. 

31.  Sea  Buckthorn. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Phellodendron  Amurense. 
Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Physocarpus  (or  Spiraea)  opu- 

Populus  dilatata. 

Betula  alba,  var,  pendula  la- 

ciniata. 

Amelanchier  Japonica. 
Viburnum  plicatum. 
Berberis  Thunbergii. 

Cornus  stolonifera. 
Pinus  Austriaca. 
Cham&cyparis     (or     Retinas- 
pora)  pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Diervilla  grandiftora. 
Spircea  Reevesiana. 
Buxus  sempervirens. 
Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
Pinus  strobus. 
Betula  populifolia. 

Pinus  sylvestris. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Pinus  mitis. 
Pinus  excelsa. 
Quercus  cerris. 
Caragana  arborescens. 
Cratcegus  crus-galli. 
Crat&gus  macracantha. 
Cratcegus  oxyacantha. 
Cydonia  vulgaris. 
Betula  nigra. 

Juniperus  Chinensis. 
Hippophae  rhamnoides. 


274 


32 

33 

34 
35' 
36. 
37. 
38- 
39- 
40. 


42. 

43. 


44. 


45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 

49- 


51- 

52- 
53- 
54- 
55- 

56. 
57- 
S8- 
59- 
60. 
61. 
62. 


COMMON  NAME 

Shadbush,  June  Berry  or 
Service  Berry. 

Ginkgo  Tree. 

Nordmann's  Silver  Fir. 

English  Yew. 

Tulip  Tree. 

Mugho  Pine. 

White  Mulberry. 

Norway  Spruce. 

Swamp  White  Oak. 

Indian  Currant  or  Coral 
Berry. 

Red  Maple. 

Holly-leaved  Barberry, 
Oregon  Barberry,  Ash- 
berry. 

Golden     Plume-leaved 
Japan  Arbor  Vitae. 

Oriental  Plane  Tree. 

Common  Horsechestnut. 

European  White  Birch. 

American  White  Ash. 

Common  Swamp  Blue- 
berry, High- Bush  Blue- 
berry. 

American  Arbor  Vitae. 

European  White  Birch. 

Black  Cherry. 

Tree  Box,  Boxwood. 

Paulownia. 

Indian  Bean  Tree  or 
Southern  Catalpa. 

Prostrate  English  Yew. 

Pin  Oak. 

European  Ash. 

Sassafras. 

Red  Oak. 

Sycamore  Maple. 

Rhodotypos. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 

Salisburia  adiantifolia. 
Abies  Nordmanniana. 
Taxus  baccata. 
Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Pinus  Montana,  var.  Mughus. 
Morus  alba. 
Picea  excelsa. 
Quercus  bicolor. 
Symphoricarpos  vulgaris. 

Acer  rubrum. 
Mahonia  aquifolia. 


Chamacyparis  (or  Retinos- 
pord)  pisifera,  var.  plumosa 
aurea. 

Platanus  Orientalis. 

ALsculus  hippocastanum. 

Betula  alba. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 

Vaccinium  corymbosum. 


Thuya  Occidentalis. 
Betula  alba. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Buxus  sempervirens. 
Paulownia  imperialis. 
Catalpa  bignonioides. 

Taxus  baccata,  var.  prostrata. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Fraxinus  excelsior. 
Sassafras  officinale. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Rhodotypos  kerriodes. 


XII. 
WEST  NINETIETH  STREET  AND  VICINITY 

As  you  take  the  Walk  at  West  Ninetieth  Street, 
southerly  side  of  the  Drive,  and  follow  it  around  to 
where  it  passes  under  the  Drive  through  an  Archway, 
you  will  have  a  good  chance  to  examine  Chinese  cork 
trees,  for  there  are  some  specimens  of  them  on  the 
right  of  the  Walk,  just  as  it  descends  to  pass  beneath 
the  Arch.  You  can  know  them  by  their  long,  com- 
pound leaves,  which  closely  resemble  those  of  the 
ailanthus.  If  you  pass  through  the  Arch  and  follow 
this  path  around  to  the  junction  with  the  Drive  Walk, 
at  its  junction,  in  the  left  or  northwest  corner,  stand- 
ing close  together,  you  will  find  a  good-sized  red  birch, 
with  rough  bark  and  rhombic  ovate  leaves,  and  a 
Chinese  juniper  with  stiff,  sharp-pointed,  awl-shaped 
and  scale-shaped  (on  some  of  its  branchlets)  leaves. 
They  are  both  interesting  studies. 

Across  the  Drive  from  these,  a  little  south  of  east, 
close  by  the  border  of  the  Drive  itself,  you  will  find 
sea  buckthorn,  a  tall,  sparse  shrub,  with  very  small, 
narrow  leaves  which  are  grayish  green  on  the  upper- 
sides,  but  silvery  beneath.  There  are  also,  generally, 
reddish  scales  on  the  undersides.  In  May  the  shrub 
puts  out  its  small,  two  to  three-clustered,  yellowish 
flowers,  and  these  change  into  bitter  orange  berries, 


276 

which  are  ripe  in  September.  If  you  look  on  the 
branches  of  this  shrub  you  will  find  them  often  armed 
with  small  thorns. 

Follow  the  Walk  that  runs  nearly  parallel  with  the 
Drive,  northerly,  climbing  an  easy  rise  of  ground,  over 
several  series  of  rock-cut '  steps.  At  the  west  of  the 
last  steps  a  handsome  gingko  stands  with  its  up- 
stretched  branches  and  beautiful  fan-shaped  leaves. 
Just  beyond  this,  the  Walk  swells  out  into  a  little  bay. 
Along  its  easterly  side  are  tall,  conical  masses  of  the 
plume-leaved  Japan  arbor  vitae,  with  lovely  plume- 
like  leaves.  I  do  not  think  that  any  other  of  the 
Retinosporas  can  compare  with  this  one,  for  fineness 
of  leaves.  They  are  delicacy  itself.  Over  in  the 
northwesterly  bend  of  the  bay  you  will  find  a  fair- 
sized  Nordmann's  silver  fir.  This  you  can  know  by 
its  leaves — flat,  linear,  notched  distinctly  at  the  ends, 
and  marked  with  silvery  lines  on  the  undersides. 

Beyond  this  Retinospora-lined  path,  the  Walk  sends 
off  a  short  arm  to  the  east,  to  cross  the  Drive  toward 
the  Reservoir,  and  a  little  north  of  the  place  where  it 
branches  off,  you  will  find,  on  the  west  of  the  Walk, 
your  right,  a  splendid  type  of  the  Bhotan  pine.  This 
is  a  lovely  tree.  Its  slender  leaves  seem  to  hang  in 
tassels  or  bunches,  and  the  light  quivers  and  shimmers 
over  them  at  every  breath  of  breeze.  They  seem  ever 
rippling  with  this  tremulous  play  of  light  when  the 
sunshine  and  the  breeze  are  upon  them,  and  the  effect 
is  certainly  very  beautiful.  Sometimes  if  you  stand 
off  and  look  at  the  tree,  as  a  whole,  it  seems  to  be 
letting  fall  a  continuous  cascade  of  rippling  gold  and 


277 

silver.  This  is  the  peculiar  charm  of  the  Bhotan,  and 
is  due  to  its  very  long  (ten  inches  or  more)  needles 
which  are  so  fine  and  slender  that  they  dance  at  the 
slightest  zephyr.  These  leaves  are  five  in  a  fascicle 
or  bundle. 

Continue  along  this  Walk  until  it  next  meets  the 
Drive.  In  its  left-hand  corner,  close  by  the  Drive, 
you  will  see  a  low,  sprawling  growth.  Its  flat,  pointed, 
two-ranked  leaves,  dark  green  above,  yellowish-green 
on  the  undersides,  tell  you  it  is  of  the  English  yew 
stock.  It  is  the  prostrate  yew,  and  grows  in  this  low 
sprawling,  crab-like  way. 

Cross  the  Drive  here  and  take  up  the  Walk  on  the 
other  side.  Two  handsome  pin  oaks  guard  its  either 
corner.  Follow  the  Walk  on,  to  its  branching,  and 
take  the  right  fork,  to  the  next  branch,  which  sends 
off  its  left  fork  to  the  north.  In  the  angle  of  this 
fork  you  will  find  Norway  maple.  If  you  take  the  left 
(northerly)  branch  here,  and  follow  it  along  a  little, 
you  will  pass,  back  from  the  Walk,  a  short  distance, 
up  a  gentle  slope  of  bank,  two  ash  trees.  They  are 
interesting,  because  they  are  good  types  of  the  Amer- 
ican ash  and  the  European  ash,  growing  side  by  side, 
and  so  are  easily  accessible  for  comparison  and  study. 
The  one  to  the  north  is  the  American  species  (with 
stalked  leaflets),  the  one  to  the  south  is  the  European 
species  (with  leaflets  almost  sessile). 

Let  us  come  back  now  to  the  West  Ninetieth  Street 
Gate,  and  take  the  Walk  that  trends  southerly.  Al- 
most as  you  turn  off  to  the  right,  you  are  half  hidden 
by  the  masses  of  shrubberies  that  rise  on  either  side  of 


278 

the  Walk.  Here,  set  on  the  Walk  is  an  "island"  of 
green  things,  with  a  mass  of  ninebark  at  one  end 
(northerly),  and  at  the  other  (southerly),  Japan  shad- 
bush  and  Japan  snowball.  These  you  have  met  with 
before,  and  we  need  not  linger  over  them.  Beyond, 
the  Walk  opens  out  into  a  broad  space,  close  to  the 
Drive.  The  beds,  between  Walk  and  Drive,  end  here 
in  two  tongues.  In  the  northerly  tongue  is  Reeve's 
spirsea  with  lanceolate  leaves,  and  in  the  end  of  the 
southerly  tongue  is  a  handsome  mass  of  box,  with  its 
beautiful  dark  green  leaves.  South  of  this  is  a  rugged 
old  Austrian  pine  with  a  couple  of  Scotch  pines  to  the 
south  of  it,  nearer  the  Walk.  The  Scotch  pines  have 
short,  twisted  leaves,  the  Austrian,  long  stiffish  ones. 

If  you  continue  on  this  Walk,  southerly,  not  very 
much  further  beyond  the  Scotch  pines,  is  white  pine. 
These  are  all  on  the  left  (east)  of  the  Walk.  About 
the  distance  of  the  white  pine  from  the  mass  of  box, 
just  passed,  as  you  go  southerly  along  the  Walk,  you 
will  come,  on  your  left,  to  a  tall,  thin  looking  ever- 
green which  seems  to  be  just  about  holding  its  own. 
It  looks  something  like  the  Austrian  pine,  but  is  of 
a  finer  expression — softer  by  far.  It  rises  rather 
conically,  and  its  sprays  are  open,  light  and  airy,  very 
different  from  the  heavy  dense  masses  of  the  Austrian's 
foliage.  It  is  Pinus  mitis,  and  its  leaves  are  about 
five  inches  long,  slender  and  green.  They  are  gathered 
three  or  two  (usually  two)  together  in  a  fascicle. 
The  cone  of  the  tree  is  about  the  size  of  the  Austrian 
cone  (three  inches),  and  looks  something  like  it.  It 
has  small  weak  prickles. 


279 

Follow  the  path  still  southerly,  and  quite  a  little 
distance  further  along,  where  the  path  bends  to  the 
Drive,  you  pass  close  by  the  Walk,  with  leaves  in  hang- 
ing tassels  that  remind  you  of  the  tassels  of  Russian 
sleighs,  a  handsome  Bhotan  pine.  This  is  a  well- 
grown  tree,  and  spreads  its  boughs  out  in  a  broad  and 
splendid  shade.  It  is  a  noble  tree.  Note  that  its 
leaves  are  five  in  a  bundle,  and  long.  Beyond,  another 
Austrian  pine  overshadows  the  Walk,  and  near  the 
place  where  the  Walk  comes  in  close  to  the  Drive, 
you  pass  several  very  fine  specimens  of  the  Turkey 
oak.  Cross  the  Drive,  just  beyond  these,  and  take 
the  Walk  that  leads  to  the  Bridge  over  the  Bridle 
Path.  Just  beyond  the  Drive,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk, 
as  you  go  easterly,  is  common  quince.  Note  its  leaves 
and  compare  them  with  those  of  the  Japan  quince.  If 
you  follow  the  Path  to  the  Bridge,  down  by  the  Bridle 
Path,  close  by  the  southerly  border,  are  some  good 
examples  of  Crat&gus  macracantha,  with  strong  thorns 
and  oval  glossy  leaves.  At  the  east  of  the  Bridge, 
down  by  the  border  of  the  Bridle  Path,  you  will  find 
a  clump  of  English  hawthorns. 

The  English  hawthorns  are  clustered  close  together, 
just  east  of  the  Bridge  which  spans  the  Bridle  Path. 
A  little  off  to  west  of  this  Bridge,  close  down  by 
the  very  border  of  the  Bridle  Path  itself,  you  will  find 
a  very  handsome  cockspur  thorn  with  dark-green, 
glossy,  shining,  thick  and  leathery  (coriaceous)  leaves 
which  make  you  think  of  miniature  tennis  racquets. 
This  tree  fairly  bristles  with  thorns.  It  stands  diag- 
onally across  from  the  handsome  large-thorned  haw- 


280 

thorns  that  flank  the  southerly  border  of  the  Bridle 
Path  here.  You  can  note  here  the  different  character- 
istics of  these  two  very  beautiful  kinds  of  hawthorn. 
While  you  are  here,  notice  the  many  handsome  Turkey 
oaks  in  this  vicinity. 


Explanations,  Map  No.  13 


6. 
7- 

8. 

9- 
10. 
ii. 

12. 


IS- 

16. 

17- 
18. 
19. 


21. 
22. 
33, 

24. 


28, 


COMMON  NAME 

Honey  Locust. 

Sycamore  Maple. 

Common  Horsechestnut. 

Red  Birch,  River  Birch, 
Black  Birch. 

Weeping  European  Silver 
Linden. 

Norway  Maple. 

American  White  or  Gray 
Birch. 

Sugar  or  Rock  Maple. 

American  or  White  Elm. 

Oriental  Plane  Tree. 

Copper  Beech. 

Hackberry,  Sugarberry, 
Nettle  Tree. 

Cornelian  Cherry. 

American  Linden,  Bass- 
wood,  Bee  Tree. 

Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted. 

Reeve's  Spiraea. 

Pignut  Hickory. 

European  Elder. 

Ramanas  Rose,  Japan 
Rose. 

Mockernut  or  Whiteheart 
Hickory. 

European  Beech. 

Black  Cherry. 

European  Linden. 

Hop  Hornbeam  or  Iron- 
wood. 

English  Oak. 

European  Beech. 

Indian  Bean  Tree  or 
Southern  Catalpa. 

Turkey  Oak. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
ALsculus  hippocastanum. 
Betula  nigra. 

Tilia  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba)  pendula. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Betula  populifolia. 

Acer  saccharinum. 
Ulmus  Americana. 
Platanus  Orientalis. 
Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  cuprea. 
Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Cornus  mascula. 
Tilia  Americana. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua. 
Spiraea  Reevesiana. 
Carya  porcina. 
Sambucus  nigra. 
Rosa  rugosa. 

Carya  tomentosa. 

Fagus  sylvatica. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Tilia  Europcea. 
Ostrya  Virginica. 

Quercus  robur. 
Fagus  sylvatica. 
Catalpa  bignonioides. 

Quercus  cerris. 


286 


29- 


32. 
33- 
34- 

s* 

37- 

38. 
39- 

40. 

41. 

42. 


43- 
44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 

49- 
50- 
51- 
52. 

53- 

54- 
55- 


COMMON  NAME 

American  White  or  Gray 

Birch. 
Tulip  Tree. 

European  Bird  Cherry. 
Witch  Hazel. 
Pin  Oak. 
Sassafras. 
Scarlet  Oak. 
Scarlet-fruited  Thorn, 

m  White  Thorn. 
Ninebark. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Betula  populifolia. 

Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Prunus  padus. 
Hamamelis  Virginiana. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Sassafras  officinale. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Crat&gus  coccinea. 


Physocarpos  (or  Spirtza)  opu- 

lifolia. 

Acer  rubrum. 
Tree     of     Ailanthus  glandulosus. 


Red  Maple. 

Ailanthus     or 
Heaven. 

Sweet   Viburnum,    Sheep-   Viburnum  lentago 
berry,  Nannyberry. 

Standish's  Honeysuckle. 

Hercules 's  Club,  Devil's 
Walking-Stick,  Angel- 
ica Tree. 

Silver  or  White  Maple. 

Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

Weeping  European  Silver 
Linden. 

European  Silver  Linden. 


Lonicera  Standishii. 
Aralia  spinosa. 


Black  Haw. 

Arrow  wood. 

Red  Oak. 

English  Hawthorn. 

Swamp  White  Oak. 

Black  Sugar  Maple,  Black 

Maple. 
Sweet  Birch,  Black  Birch, 

Cherry  Birch. 
Shagbark  Hickory. 
Butternut. 


Acer  dasycarpum. 
Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Tilia  Europ<za,  var.   argentea 

(or  alba)  pendula, 
Tilia  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba). 
Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Viburnum  dentatum. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Cratcegus  oxyacantha. 
Quercus  bicolor. 
Acer    saccharinum,    var.    ni- 

grum. 
Betula  lenta. 

Carya  alba. 
Juglans  cinerea. 


XIII. 

EAST  NINETY-SIXTH  STREET  TO  EAST  ONE  HUNDRED 
AND  SECOND  STREET 

As  has  been  said  before,  if  you  have  followed  these 
rambles,  in  the  order  of  the  book,  you  will  readily 
recognize  most  of  the  trees  and  shrubs  of  this  Section 
on  sight.  But  there  are  some  of  them  over  which 
you  may  well  linger,  and  to  these  few  your  attention 
is  hereby  called,  in  the  spirit  that  Walton  would  have 
invited  you  to  a  day's  angling — be  in  no  hurry,  ob- 
serve quietly,  and  learn  and  love,  for  they  are  dear 
fellows — all  of  them.  Learn  to  know  them  as  friends. 

Acer  saccharinum,  var.  nigrum.  (Black  Sugar 
Maple.  No.  52.)  This  interesting  variety  of  the  sugar 
maple  will  be  found  along  the  Walk  that  branches  off  to 
the  west  from  the  Drive,  just  as  the  Drive  passes  over 
Transverse  Road  No.  4.  This  Walk  skirts  the  east- 
erly side  of  North  Meadow,  and  runs  about  parallel 
with  East  Drive.  Follow  this  Walk  along  until  you 
come  to  a  large  mass  of  rock  on  the  right  (east)  of 
the  \Valk.  This  mass  is  about  opposite  East  One 
Hundredth  Street,  were  it  extended  into  the  Park. 
It  is  the  second  rock  mass  you  meet,  going  northerly 
on  this  Walk,  and  the  black  maple  is  just  beyond  it, 
on  the  left  of  the  Walk  (west).  This  tree  makes  a 
triangle  with  two  swamp  white  oaks,  back  (west)  of 
it ;  the  black  maple  is  in  the  point  of  the  triangle,  and 
the  two  swamp  white  oaks  make  its  opposite  side. 


288 

The  leaves  of  this  tree  are  much  larger  than  those 
of  the  sugar  maple,  and  often  droop  conspicuously  at 
the  ends  like  the  leaves  of  the  Norway  maple.  That 
you  may  make  no  mistake  about  this  tree,  you  pass, 
after  the  rock  mass  spoken  of  above,  but  on  your 
left  (the  rock  mass  is  on  your  right),  a  Turkey  oak, 
and,  beyond  it,  a  fine  red  oak.  The  Turkey  oak  has 
dark,  black,  heavily  ridged  bark;  the  red  has  rather 
smoothish  (compared  with  the  Turkey),  smoky,  or 
slaty-gray  bark.  The  leaves  of  the  red  oak  are  bristle- 
tipped  at  the  lobes.  The  lobes  of  the  Turkey  oak  are 
angulated. 

Aralia  spinosa.  (Hercules's  Club.  Devil's  Walk- 
ing Stick.  Angelica  Tree.  No.  42.)  You  will  find 
a  small  cluster  of  these  odd  looking  shrubs  close  by 
the  Walk,  just  as  it  bends  away  from  the  Drive,  to 
the  west,  at  the  place  where  the  Drive  passes  over 
Transverse  Road  No.  4.  You  can  pick  them  out  easily 
by  the  fierce  spines  that  bristle  out  all  over  their 
stems.  Truly  they  are  well  named — Devil's  Walking 
Stick.  The  leaves  are  quite  large,  compound  (twice 
or  thrice  odd-pinnate),  and  clustered  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches.  The  leaflets  are  ovate,  pointed,  glaucous 
on  the  undersides,  and  have  serrated  margins.  In 
July  or  August  the  shrub  flowers,  in  large,  conspic- 
uous panicles  of  many-flowered  umbels — white  or 
greenish.  These  change  in  September  to  conspicuous 
clusters  of  cool  crimson  berries,  about  quarter  of  an 
inch  in  diameter.  These  berries  are  quite  distinctly 
five-ribbed,  and  are  certainly  very  pretty  to  look  upon 
at  this  season  (fall)  of  the  year. 


289 

Fagns  sylvatica.    (European  Beech.   No.  21.)    This 
is  indeed  a  splendid  gathering  of  the  European  beech — 
a  veritable  grove  of  them.     They  are  all  doing  well, 
and  are  remarkably  healthy  and  lusty.      Come  upon 
them  in  spring,  when  they  are  setting  their  boughs 
with  that  peculiar  delicate,  tender  green  which  only 
the  beech  can  show.     No  other  tree  can  compare,  in 
spring  leafage,  with  the  tender  green  of  the  beech. 
If  you  don't  believe  it,  stand  under  a  beech  at  this 
season  of  the  year  and  look  up  through  the  young 
leaves  at  the  sunshine.     Can  anything  equal  that  glory 
of  illumined  green!     There  is  a  tender  translucency 
of  light,  that  seems  to  hallow  and  sanctify,  as  it  passes 
through;  an  ethereal  quality,  that  seems  almost  fairy- 
like  and  full  of  things  that  cannot  be  described.     And 
in  summer  these  trees  are  quite  as  lovable.     Then  the 
bright,  light  green  grows  deeper  and  richer.      The 
European  beech  differs  from  our  native  beech  in  one 
very  marked  and  easily  distinguishable  feature — in  its 
leaves.     Look  at  the  margin  of  the  leaf.     The  leaf  of 
the  European  is  not  toothed,  the  leaf  of  the  American 
is  very  strongly  toothed,   the  teeth  terminating  the 
veins.     If  you  will  remember  this,  you  can  distinguish 
between  the  two  trees  at  a  glance.      In  addition,  the 
leaf  of  the  European  is  very  hairy  (ciliate)  all  along 
the  entire  margin.     Again  the  European  has  a  gray 
bark,  darker  than  the  very  light  gray  of  our  native 
beech.     The  habit  of  growth  is  usually  different  also. 
The  European  branches  lower,  and  has  a  more  squat 
and  thickset  look,  while  the  branches  reach  out  more 
horizontally.     You  will  find  this  really  handsome  grove 


by  taking  the  Walk  on  the  east  of  the  Drive,  where  it 
passes  over  Transverse  Road  No.  4.  The  Walk  forks 
just  a  little  beyond  the  Transverse  Road,  and  its  west- 
erly Branch  will  bring  you  beneath  the  green  canopies 
of  this  delightful  grove. 

Primus  padus.  (European  Bird  Cherry.  No.  31.) 
On  the  westerly  end  of  the  little  triangular-shaped  bit 
of  ground  that  stands  like  an  island  on  the  Drive,  just 
as  the  latter  crosses  Transverse  Road  No.  4,  you  will 
find  a  pretty  fair  specimen  of  this  tree.  The  trian- 
gular "island"  is  at  the  west  branch  of  the  Drive,  just 
before  it  passes  over  the  Transverse  Road,  and  the 
bird  cherry  is  on  its  westerly  corner,  back  of  a  tulip 
tree.  The  tulip  tree  is  on  the  point  of  the  triangle, 
and  you  can  tell  it  by  its  leaves,  which  seem  to  be 
shorn  off  straight  across  the  top  in  a  very  peculiar 
way.  The  bird  cherry  is  a  small  sized  tree,  with  leaves 
and  flowers  much  like  those  of  the  choke  cherry,  ex- 
cept that  the  flowers,  which  occur  in  drooping  racemes, 
are  longer  and  larger  than  those  of  the  choke  cherry. 
In  addition  they  are  very  fragrant,  while  those  of  the 
choke  cherry  are  anything  but  that.  The  leaves  of  the 
bird  cherry  are  about  four  inches  long,  and  obovate  in 
shape,  with  bases  unequally  heart-shaped.  They  are 
sharply  and  doubly  serrate. 

Sambucus  nigra.  (European  Elder.  No.  18.)  As 
you  enter  the  Park  at  East  One  Hundred  and  Second 
Street,  and  take  the  first  left-hand  (southerly)  Walk, 
close  by  the  third  series  of  steps,  low  down  at  your 
left,  as  you  go  south,  you  will  find  this  mass.  Its 
leaves  are  made  up  of  five  to  nine  leaflets.  In  June 


29I 

it  is  covered  with  flat-topped  cymes,  which  are  five- 
rayed,  and  these  are  succeeded  by  black  berries. 

Viburnum  lentago.  (Sheepberry.  Nanny-berry. 
No.  40.)  If  you  follow  the  Drive  northerly,  you  will 
find,  on  your  right,  a  good-sized  rock  mass,  about  half 
way  between  the  first  and  second  branching  of  the 
Drive.  The  rock  is  about  in  line  with  East  One  Hun- 
dredth Street.  In  the  very  shoulder  of  this  rock,  close 
by  the  Drive,  is  this  good  specimen  of  nanny-berry. 
It  is  a  small-sized  tree — about  the  proportions  of  the 
black  haw,  with  broadly  ovate  leaves  that  come  down 
to  a  long  point.  The  leaves  are  simple,  and  opposite 
to  each  other  on  the  branch — as  are  the  leaves  of  all 
the  Viburnums.  Notice  also  the  long  leaf-stems,  which 
are  wavy-margined  and  grooved.  In  the  fall  you  will 
see  the  tree  hung  full  of  fruit,  clusters  of  oval  ber- 
ries, each  about  half  an  inch  long,  blue-black  in  color, 
covered  with  a  bloom.  They  are  sweet  and  edible. 
The  berry  stone  is  flat,  oval,  thin,  and  marked  faintly 
by  groovings  that  run  lengthwise  across  its  flat  sides. 
The  tree  flowers  in  May  or  June,  with  the  white,  flat- 
topped  cymes  characteristic  of  the  Viburnums. 

While  you  are  in  this  vicinity  you  should  have  a  look 
at  the  butternut  tree,  which  is  not  far  away.  Follow 
the  east  border  of  the  Drive  northerly  until  you  come 
to  another  rock  mass.  Just  east  of  this  rock  you  will 
find  the  tree.  It  is,  if  I  remember  rightly,  about  the 
best  specimen  of  butternut  in  the  Park.  For  some 
reason,  none  of  them  is  doing  very  well.  The  speci- 
men here  is  rather  a  low  tree,  with  the  light  gray  bark 
that  is  characteristic  of  the  butternut.  Its  leaves  are 


compound  and  made  up  of  from  eleven  to  nineteen  leaf- 
lets, which  are  oblong-lanceolate  and  sharp  pointed. 
The  peculiar  generic  name  of  the  tree,  Juglans,  is 
derived  from  the  Latin  words  Jovis,  glans,  nut  of  Jove 
(Jupiter). 


Explanations,  Map  No.  14 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  Lombardy  Poplar. 

2.  Crimean  Linden. 

3.  Pin  Oak. 

4.  English  Elm. 

5.  Sugar  or  Rock  Maple. 

6.  Norway  Maple. 

7.  Thunberg's  Spindle  Tree, 

Winged  Spindle  Tree. 

8.  American  or  White  Elm. 

9.  Japonicum  or  Japan  Vi- 

burnum. 

10.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

11.  Red  Maple. 

12.  American  Cork  Elm,  Rock 

Elm. 

13.  Holly-leaved   Barberry, 

Oregon  Barberry,  Ash- 
berry. 

14.  Rhodotypos. 

15.  Sorrell  Tree,  Sourwood. 

1 6.  Mock    Orange   or    Sweet 

Syringa. 

17.  Wild  Red  Osier. 

18.  Tree  Box  or  Boxwood. 

19.  Staghorn  Sumac. 

20.  Mockernut  or  Whiteheart 

Hickory. 

21.  Common    Swamp    Blue- 

berry, High-bush  Blue- 
berry. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Populus  dilatata. 

Tilia  dasystyla. 

Quercus  palustris. 

Ulmus  campestris. 

Acer  saccharinum. 

Acer  platanoides. 

Euonymus  Thunbergianus  (or 

alatus). 

Ulmus  Americana. 
Viburnum  tomentosum. 

Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Acer  rubrum. 
Ulmus  racemosa. 

Mahonia  aquifolia. 


Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Oxydendrum  (or  Oxydendron, 

arbor  eum. 
Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Cornus  stolonifera. 
Buxus  sempervirens. 
Rhus  typhina. 
Carya  tomentosa. 

Vaccinium  corymbosum. 


COMMON  NAME 

22.  Lily  of  the  Valley  Tree, 

mingled    with    Lovely 

Azalea. 
Irish  Yew. 
Swamp  White  Oak. 
Catesby's  Andromeda. 
English  Yew. 
Austrian  Pine. 
Swiss  Stone  Pine. 
Cornelian  Cherry. 
Staghorn  Sumac. 
American  Hornbeam. 

Blue     Beech,     Water 

Beech. 
Blackberry. 
Bhotan  Pine. 
White  Pine. 
Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 

Forsythia. 
3 6.* Box-leaved  Cotoneaster. 

37.  Dwarf  Mountain  Sumac. 

38.  American  Chestnut. 

39.  Scotch  Elm,  Wych  Elm. 

40.  Common  Horsechestnut. 

41.  Shagbark     or     Shellbark 

Hickory. 

42.  American  Beech. 

43.  Silver  or  White  Maple. 

44.  Smoke  Tree. 

45.  Japan  Cedar. 

46.  Flowering  Dogwood. 

47.  Shadbush,    June    Berry, 

Service  Berry. 

48.  Hemlock. 

49.  Obtuse-leaved  Japan  Ar- 

bor Vitae. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Andromeda    ftoribunda 
Azalea  amoena. 


with 


Taxus  baccata,  var.  fastigiata. 
Quercus  bicolor. 
Andromeda  (or  Leucothoe"). 
Taxus  baccata. 
Pinus  Austriaca. 
Pinus  Cembra. 
Cornus  mascula. 
Rhus  typhina. 
Carpinus  Caroliniana 


Rubus  villosus. 
Pinus  excelsa. 
Pinus  strobus. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 

Cotoneaster  buxifolia. 

Rhus  copallina. 

Castanea  saliva  (or  vesca) ,  var. 

Americana. 
Ulmus  Montana. 
ALsculus  hippocastanum. 
Gary  a  alba.. 

Fagus  ferruginea. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Rhus  cotinus. 
Cryptomeria  Japonic  a. 
Cornus  florida. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 


Tsuga  Canadensis. 
Chamacyparis     (or 
pora}  obtusa. 


Retinas- 


299 


COMMON  NAME 

50.  Witch  Hazel. 

51.  Shagbark     or     Shellbark 

Hickory. 

52.  English  Hawthorn. 

53.  Pignut  Hickory. 

54.  Black  Cherry. " 

55.  Red  Oak. 

56.  European  Larch. 

57.  Indian     Bean     Tree     or 

Southern  Catalpa. 

58.  Cotton  wood   or  Carolina 

Poplar. 

59.  Bald  Cypress. 

60.  Sassafras. 

6 1.  Tulip  Tree. 

62.  American  Elder. 

63.  Soulard's  Crab  Apple. 

64.  White  Oak. 

65.  Scarlet  Oak. 

66.  American  White  or  Gray 

Birch. 

67.  White    Poplar 

Tree. 

68.  Black  Walnut. 

69.  Honey  Locust. 

70.  Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 

71.  Hackberry,     Sugarberry, 

Nettle  Tree. 

72.  Common  Locust. 

73.  Sycamore  Maple. 

74.  Fontanesia. 

75.  Osage  Orange. 

76.  English  Hawthorn. 

77.  American  Hazel, 

78.  Black  Oak. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Hamamelis  Virginiana. 
Gary  a  alba. 

Crat&gus  oxyacantha. 
Gary  a  porcina. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Larix  Europcea. 
Catalpa  bignonioides . 

Populus  monihfera. 

Taxodium  distichum. 
Sassafras  officinale. 
Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Sambucus  Canadensis. 
Pyrus  Soulardi. 
Quercus  alba. 
Quercus  coccinea. 
Betula  populifolia. 


or   Abele     Populus  alba. 


Juglans  nigra. 
Gleditschia  tricanthos. 
Ailanikus  glandulosus. 

Celtis  Occidentals. 

Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus . 
Fontanesia  Fortunei. 
Madura  aurantiaca. 
Grata gus  oxyacantha. 
Corylus  Americana. 
Quercus  coccinea,  var.  tinctcria 


3oo 

COMMON  NAME  BOTANICAL  NAME 

79.  English  Hawthorn.  Grata gus  oxyacantha. 

80.  American  Arbor  Vitae.  Thuya  Occidentalis. 

8 1.  European  Beech.  Fagus  sylvatica. 


XIV. 
WEST  NINETY-SIXTH  STREET  TO  THE  POOL 

In  this  Section  you  will  find  Crimean  lindens,  almost 
as  soon  as  you  enter  at  the  West  Ninety-sixth  Street 
Gate,  handsome  Soulard's  crab-apples,  over  near  Trans- 
verse Road  No.  4,  native  cork  elm,  on  the  westerly  side 
of  the  North  Meadow,  the  obtuse-leaved  Japan  arbor 
vitae,  a  sorrel  tree  hear  the  hydrant,  not  far  from  the 
Gate  by  which  you  entered  and  others  equally  interest- 
ing. Let  us  consider  them  in  detail. 

Andromeda  floribunda.  (Lily  of  the  Valley  Tree. 
No.  22.)  This  fine  mass,  which  is  intermingled  with 
Azalea  amcena,  is  well  worth  seeing  in  early  spring,  es- 
pecially when  in  bloom.  The  azalea  is  then  a  mass  of 
clear,  cool  magenta,  and  the  andromeda  fairly  bursting 
with  its  dense  clusters  of  small  drooping,  waxy,  frost- 
white,  urn-shaped  flowers  in  erect  panicles  at  the  ends 
of  the  branches.  The  azalea  has  very  small  ovate  leaves, 
scarcely  half  an  inch  long.  The  andromeda's  leaves  are 
about  two  or  three  inches  long.  They  both  bloom  early 
in  spring,  late  March  or  early  April.  Be  on  hand  to  see 
them.  You  will  find  this  mass  on  the  west  of  the  Walk 
that  runs  parallel  with  the  Drive  and  opens  out  close 
beside  it,  where  the  Drive  passes  over  Transverse  Road 
No.  4.  The  mass  is  off  the  Walk,  a  little  at  your  left 
(west),  if  you  walk  northerly,  and  not  far  from  the 
fork  that  swings  out  its  left  branch  to  the  Drive,  as  the 
latter  pass  over  the  Transverse  Road. 


302 

Chamaecyparis  (or  Retinospora)  obtusa.  (Obtuse- 
leaved  Japan  Arbor  Vita:.  No.  49.)  You  will  find  this 
rather  poor  specimen  (for  it  is  slowly  dying)  on  the  wes- 
terly side  of  the  North  Meadow,  near  the  fork  of  Walk 
which  bends  to  the  west,  to  cross  the  Drive,  and  pass 
out  of  the  Park  at  the  West  One  Hundredth  Street 
Gate.  It  stands  quite  near  a  handsome  cluster  of  white 
pines.  These  pines  you  can  readily  know  by  their  hori- 
zontal boughs  and  leaf  bundles  of  five  together  in  a 
fascicle — the  leaves  about  three  or  four  inches  long. 
The  Retinospora  stands  west  of  the  Walk,  near  the 
point  of  the  fork,  with  a  hemlock  just  back  of  it.  The 
leaves  of  the  hemlock  are  flat,  about  half  an  inch  long, 
and  white  on  the  undersides.  The  Retinospora  in 
question  is,  as  you  see,  doing  very  poorly.  It  is  just 
about  holding  its  own.  You  see  that  its  leaf-sprays 
have  a  flattish,  fan-like  look.  If  you  examine  these 
sprays  closely,  you  will  see  that  the  leaves  are  scale- 
like,  closely  pressed  together  and  very  blunt  or  obtuse. 
Indeed  they  have  a  very  jointed  look.  The  small  end 
leaves  seem  to  clasp  the  inner  leaves  of  each  row  like 
a  pair  of  flat  claws,  and  the  whole  row  has  a  hard, 
flat-squeezed  look  which  is  very  distinctive.  Blunt- 
leaved  is  certainly  a  good  name  for  this  characteristic. 
The  cones  are  very  small,  made  up  of  from  eight  to  ten 
light-brown,  valvate,  wedge-shaped  scales. 

Euonymus  Thunbergianus  (or  alatus).  (Thunberg's 
Spindle  Tree.  Winged  Spindle  Tree.  No.  7.)  If 
you  take  the  Walk  at  the  right  (south)  of  the  Drive, 
upon  entering  the  West  Ninety-sixth  Street  Gate,  and 
proceed  south-easterly  with  it,  until  you  come  to  the 


303 

first  fork  of  this  Walk,  you  will  see  this  interesting 
Japan  shrub,  standing  next  to  the  American  elm,  which 
is  in  the  point  of  the  fork  of  the  Walk.  The  little 
Japan  shrub  stands  next  to  the  elm,  at  its  left,  as  you 
face  the  northerly  border  of  this  Walk.  You  can  recog- 
nize it  easily  by  the  corky  (two  to  four)  wings  (alatus) 
on  the  branches.  In  May  or  June  it  blooms  in  little 
yellowish  flowers,  four  or  five  together,  on  short  pe- 
duncles (flower-stems)  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 
The  leaves  themselves  are  acute  at  both  ends,  rather 
broadly  elliptical,  and  quite  sharply  cut  (serrated) 
about  the  margins.  They  are  usually  about  two  inches 
in  length.  The  glory  of  this  shrub  is  its  fruit,  which 
nods  from  four  parted  capsules  that  glow  in  autumn 
with  a  soft,  cool  crimson,  upon  which  your  eye  loves 
to  linger.  And  when  these  are  ripe,  at  this  season  of 
the  year,  how  lovely  it  is  to  see  these  husks  break  open 
and  curl  back  like  lips,  disclosing  the  rich  orange  gleam 
of  the  seeds  beneath.  You  may  pass  the  Enonymus 
heedlessly  at  other  seasons  of  the  year,  but  in  autumn 
it  will  surely  claim  your  attention. 

Oxydendrum  (or  Oxydendron)  arboreum.  (Sorrell 
Tree.  Sourwood.  No.  15.)  Not  far  from  the  West 
Ninety-sixth  Street  Gate,  on  the  right  of  the  Drive,  as 
you  go  easterly,  you  will  find  a  hydrant.  It  stands  on 
the  southerly  side  of  the  Drive,  just  before  the  Drive 
opens  out  into  two  branches,  the  one  turning  to  the 
right  and  running  south,  the  other  turning  to  the  left 
and  going  north.  There  are  several  things  of  interest 
clustered  about  this  hydrant.  To  the  west  of  it  you 
will  see  a  mass  of  the  Cornus  stolonifera,  with  long. 


304 

bending  and  sweeping  branches,  which  turn  conspic- 
uously crimson  in  the  winter.  If  you  look  closely  at 
these  crimson  branches,  then,  you  will  see  that  the 
crimson  is  streaked  and  veined  with  fine,  lightish  or 
grayish  markings,  giving  a  striated  appearance  to  the 
twigs.  This  appearance  is  present  in  summer,  but  not 
so  conspicuously  as  in  winter.  The  mass  is  broad  and 
spreading  and  grows  with  a  distinct  tendency  to  fling 
its  branches  over  the  ground  and  root  again — a  trick 
which  is  called  in  botany,  stoloniferous.  Just  south 
of  the  Cornus  stolonifera  stands  a  good'  specimen  of 
the  mock  orange  or  sweet  syringa.  This  you  can  tell 
by  its  pointed,  ovate  leaves,  with  the  veins  depressed 
on  the  upper  surface  and  prominent  beneath.  West  of 
this  syringa  you  will  find  the  sorrell  tree  or  sourwood. 
Its  leaves  are  alternate  on  the  branch  and  resemble 
those  of  the  common  peach  leaf.  They  are  of  a  dark, 
shining  green,  from  four  to  seven  inches  long,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  with  a  short  point.  True  to  the  tree  that 
bears  them  they  are  very,  sour  tasting.  At  the  bases 
they  are  rather  wedge-shaped.  The  flowers  of  this  tree 
are  very  beautiful,  by  reason  of  their  delicacy,  borne  on 
long,  terminal,  panicles,  which  are  very  conspicuous. 
They  resemble  somewhat  the  look  of  the  flower-pani-1 
cles  of  the  sweet  pepper  bush,  slender  fingers  of  bloom 
(June  or  July),  that  at  once  arrest  your  attention. 
These  panicles  are  made  up  of  delicate  little  urn-shaped 
flowers,  of  a  rich,  cream-white,  and  narrowed  daintily 
about  the  throat,  as  if  delicately  tied  with  some  fairy- 
like  constriction.  The  tiny  little  five-toothed  flanges  of 
the  corolla  flare  out  squarely  and  the  whole  little  urn  is 


305 

a  marvel  of  frost  white.  If  you  peep  into  these  little 
white  urns  you  will  see  the  ten  stamens  inserted  on  the 
corollas.  The  flowers  soon  change  into  small,  dry,  five- 
angled  capsules  of  five  cells.  These  capsules  are  very 
clinging  (persistent)  and  may  be  seen  on  the  tree  late 
in  the  autumn  and  winter.  If  you  know  the  fruit  of 
the  sweet  pepper  bush,  you  will  be  reminded  of  their 
resemblance  to  the  fruit  pods  of  that  shrub.  They  look 
very  much  like  long  fingers,  erect  on  the  branches.  The 
tree  is  a  slender  one,  with  gray  bark,  through  which 
suffuses  a  reddish  hue.  It  is  furrowed  and  scaly.  The 
tree  gets  its  genus  name  from  the  Greek  words  oxus, 
sharp,  sour ;  and  dendron,  tree.  It  belongs,  as  you  see 
by  its  pretty  little  urn-shaped  flowers,  to  the  great 
Ericacece  or  heath  family.  While  you  are  here  look 
at  the  fine  staghorn  sumac  just  east  of  the  hydrant. 
You  can  tell  it  by  its  sticky,  pubescent  end  branches. 
Just  as  the  Drive  bends  to  the  south,  in  its  corner,  is  a 
handsome  mass  of  box. 

Pyrus  Soulardi.  (Soulard's  Crab  Apple.  No.  63.) 
There  is  quite  a  cluster  of  these  handsome  crabs,  at  the 
left  (west)  of  the  Walk,  just  as  it  bends  westerly  from 
the  Drive,  after  passing  over  Transverse  Road  No.  4. 
They  are  small  sized  trees,  lusty  and  healthful.  At  first 
glance  you  might  think  them  hawthorns,  for  they  are  of 
the  hawthorn  look.  But  their  lack  of  thorns  will  save 
you  from  this  error.  According  to  the  best  author- 
ities, the  Soulard's  crab  is  now  regarded  as  a  hybrid 
between  the  common  apple  (Pyrus  mains)  and  the 
western  crab  apple  (Pyrus  loensis).  The  leaves  are 
roundish-ovate,  obtuse  or  truncate  at  the  base,  and 


306 

densely  woolly.  This  pubescence  is  very  marked  on  the 
undersides  of  the  thick  leaves  and  especially  on  the 
petioles.  The  leaves,  especially  above  the  middle,  seem 
to  develop  a  tendency  to  lobe.  This  is  quite  noticeable 
on  the  upper  parts  of  the  leaves.  The  flowers  of  the 
Soulard  are  blush  color  and  break  out  in  dense  woolly 
cymes.  The  fruit  is  a  pome,  flattened  lengthwise  and 
of  a  yellow  hue.  The  tree  is  named  from  J.  J.  Soulard, 
of  Galena,  111.,  who  first  brought  this  variety  into  culti- 
vation. They  are  certainly  a  pretty  cluster  here  and  are 
doing  well.  Their  healthfulness  is  indeed  a  joy  to  look 
upon,  especially  their  leaves  and  branches. 

Quercus  bicolor.  (Sivamp  White  Oak.  No.  24.) 
There  are  two  of  these  trees  about  opposite  each  other 
on  either  side  of  the  Walk,  not  far  from  the  West 
Ninety-sixth  Street  Gate.  They  are  worthy  of  notice 
because,  though  of  the  same  species  of  oak,  their  leaves 
are  quite  different.  The  leaves  of  the  one  on  the  east 
of  the  Walk  are  in  conformity  with  the  type  of  the 
swamp  white  oak's  leaves,  as  you  have  met  this  tree  in 
other  parts  of  the  Park,  but  the  leaves  of  the  one  on  the 
west  of  the  Walk  are  very  much  more  deeply  lobed. 
The  two  trees  stand  about  diagonally  opposite  to  each 
other.  You  will  find  them  easily  by  taking  the  north- 
erly Walk  from  the  West  Ninety-sixth  Street  Gate,  and 
following  it  on,  until  about  midway  between  its  first 
fork  and  the  place  where  it  meets  the  Drive,  as  it  passes 
over  Transverse  Road  No.  4. 

As  you  proceed  it  may  be  of  interest  to  note  some  of 
the  things  you  pass  on  the  way.  Just  beyond  the 
Crimean  linden  stands  sycamore  maple,  with  five-lobed 


307 

leaves.  At  the  oend  of  the  Walk,  as  it  turns  down 
southeasterly  to  meet  the  fork,  is  a  fine  white  oak  with 
its  leaves  cut  into  about  nine  lobes.  Just  back  of  this 
oak,  southeast  of  it,  is  black  cherry,  with  rough,  scaly 
bark  and  shining,  glossy,  taper-pointed  leaves.  South- 
east of  the  cherry  is  pin  oak,  with  its  leaf-lobes  bristle- 
tipped  and  rounded  out  by  deep  bays  or  sinuses — re- 
minding you  of  the  scarlet  oak's  leaves.  But  if  you 
look  at  the  slender  yellowish  petioles  of  these  leaves  you 
will  not  confuse  them  with  the  stout  leaf-stalks  of  the 
scarlet.  About  opposite  the  point  of  the  fork  here,  on 
the  northerly  side  of  the  Walk,  is  another  pin  oak,  and 
west  of  this,  back  (north)  of  the  Walk  is  a  good  mock- 
ernut  hickory.  The  mockernut  you  can  tell  by  its  large 
buds,  its  large  leaves  (compound),  whose  leaf-stems 
are  very  pubescent,  as  are  also  the  undersides  of  the 
leaflets.  The  leaflets  run  in  sevens  and  nines,  usually  in 
sevens.  Beyond  the  fork  of  the  Walk,  on  the  southerly 
side,  down  the  bank  a  little,  is  English  yew,  with  dark 
green  (uppersides),  flat,  sharply  tipped  leaves,  seem- 
ingly arranged  in  a  two-ranked  manner  on  the  branch. 
The  leaves  are  linear,  that  is,  with  edges  nearly  parallel, 
and  on  the  undersides  are  yellowish  green — a  mark 
which  will  distinguish  this  tree  for  you  from  the  Ceph- 
alotaxus,  whose  leaves  are  whitish  on  the  undersides. 
Just  beyond  the  yew  stand  several  clumps  of  Catesby's 
andromeda,  low  bushes  of  thick,  leathery,  pointed 
leaves  on  short  reddish  leaf-stems.  Beyond  these,  on 
either  side  of  the  Walk,  are  the  two  swamp  white 
oaks  of  our  quest.  Note  the  differences  in  the  leaves 
of  the  two  trees.  As  has  been  said  above,  the  one  on 


308 

the  west  of  the  Walk  has  its  leaves  cut  into  lobes 
that  remind  you  of  the  white  oak,  while  those  on  the 
tree  on  the  east  of  the  Walk  are  wavy-lobed  and 
recall  the  look  of  the  chestnut  oak.  Note  also  the 
very  pubescent  undersides  of  the  leaves  of  both  of 
these  trees.  They  are  downy  with  tomentum  (dense, 
close-matted  pubescence).  The  acorns  are  oblong 
egg-shape,  and  set  in  shallow  cups  which  are  often 
densely  fringed  about  the  margins  with  ragged,  mossy 
scales — much  like  the  acorn  of  the  bur  oak. 

Beyond  the  swamp  white  oaks,  on  the  right  (east) 
of  the  Walk,  as  you  continue  northerly,  is  Irish  yew, 
a  small  pyramidal  growth,  with  leaves  the  same  as 
those  of  the  English  yew,  but  gathered  together  in 
rather  rosette-like  clusters.  Beyond  this  is  Austrian 
pine,  with  its  dark-green,  stiffish  leaves  in  bundles  of 
two,  and  north  of  the  Austrian,  a  handsome  Swiss 
stone  pine,  with  its  leaves  in  bundles  of  five.  Note 
that  these  leaves  of  the  Swiss  pine  are  three-sided  and 
glaucous.  At  the  steps  here,  off  to  your  left  (west), 
is  a  pretty  Cornelian  cherry,  with  opposite  leaves, 
rather  roundish  oval  and  distinctly  short-pointed. 

Tilia  dasystyla.  (Crimean  Linden.  No.  2.)  As 
you  enter  the  Park  at  the  West  Ninety-sixth  Street 
Gate,  on  either  side  of  the  Drive,  in  the  very  points 
of  the  beds  between  Walk  and  Drive,  almost  as  you 
go  in,  you  will  see  these  two  slender  young  trees. 
They  are  but  sapplings,  now,  but  will  grow  into  hand- 
some trees,  if  they  develop  to  their  full  capacity. 
Their  leaves  are  dark  glossy-green  on  the  uppersides, 
but,  beneath,  are  pale-green,  and  if  you  look  closely, 


309 

you  will  see  little  tufts  of  small  brown  hairs  gathered 
in  the  axils  of  the  larger  leaf-veins.  The  leaves  of 
the  Crimean  linden  are  rather  tough  and  leathery, 
and  are  obliquely  truncate  (cut  across)  at  the  base. 
The  tree  gets  its  botanical  specific  name,  dasystyla, 
from  its  flowers,  whose  pistils  are  densely  tomentose 
or  hairy  (Greek,  dasos),  about  the  base  of  the  rather 
pyramidal  style.  The  style,  speaking  technically,  is 
that  part  of  the  pistil  which  joins  the  ovary  with  the 
stigma.  The  stigma  is  the  part  of  the  pistil  which 
receives  the  pollen,  and  the  ovary  is  that  part  of  the 
pistil  which  contains  the  embryonic  seeds.  The  fruit 
of  the  Crimean  linden  is  very  distinctly  five-angled, 
and  is  obovoid  in  shape. 

Ulmus  racemosa.  (American  Cork  Elm.  Rock  Elm. 
No.  12.)  Pretty  well  back  from  Walk  (the  northerly 
one  from  the  West  Ninety-sixth  Street  Gate),  and 
near  the  border  of  Transverse  Road  No.  4,  you  will 
find  this  slim  specimen  of  our  native  cork  elm.  You 
can  pick  it  out  easily  by  the  very  distinct  corky 
ridges  on  its  branches.  It  is  a  small-sized  tree,  with 
a  trunk  not  over  a  few  inches  thick,  and  has  a  lean 
and  spindling  look.  Its  leaves  are  smooth,  hard  and 
thick,  dark  green  on  the  uppersides,  but  pale  green 
below.  In  March  or  April,  dancing  little  raceme- 
like  (whence  the  name  of  the  tree)  clusters  of  tiny 
flowers  float  out  upon  the  branches.  Fairy  sights 
they  are,  so  tenderly  delicate,  it  seems  the  sharp 
winds  must  surely  tear  them  from  their  abiding 
places.  How  lovely  they  are!  The  tiny  little  calyx 
of  each  flower  is  bell-shaped.  There  is  no  corolla, 


3io 

but  there  are  seven  or  eight  stamens,  and  these  with 
their  dark  purple  anthers  give  that  lovely  flush  of 
color  which  is  so  charming.  The  bark  of  the  tree  is 
gray,  through  which  you  can  detect  a  reddish  cast. 
The  bark  is  broken  in  rather  broad  scaly  ridges.  The 
fruit  of  the  tree  is  a  wafer-like  samara,  winged  all 
around  the  seed.  The  edge  of  this  wing  is  densely 
hairy  (ciliate),  as  are  also  the  sides  of  the  whole 
samara. 


Explanations,    Map  No.  15 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  Lombardy  Poplar. 

2.  Pin  Oak. 

3.  American  Beech. 

4.  Honey  Locust. 

5.  Turkey  Oak. 

6.  Cottonw ood,  Carolina 

Poplar. 

7.  Many-flowered  Rose. 

8.  American     Hornbeam, 

Blue     Beech,     Water 
Beech. 

9.  Ash-leaved    Maple,    Box 

Elder. 

10.  Silverbell  Tree. 

1 1 .  Chinese  Cork  Tree. 

12.  Striped     Maple,     Moose- 

wood,  Whistlewood. 

13.  White  Mulberry. 

74.  Purple-leaved  English  Elm. 

15.  Norway  Maple. 

1 6.  European  White  Birch. 

17.  Black  Walnut. 

1 8.  Shagbark     or     Shellbark 

Hickory. 

19.  Hackberry,     Sugarberry, 

Nettle  Tree. 

20.  American   Linden,    Bass- 

wood,  Bee  Tree. 

21.  Idesia. 

22.  Sweet  Bay,  Swamp  Mag- 

nolia. 

23.  Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 

24.  Common  Horsechestnut. 

25.  Sycamore  Maple. 

26.  Western  Yellow  Pine. 

27.  English  Oak. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Populus  dilatata. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Fagus  ferruginea. 
Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
Quercus  cerris. 
Populus  monilifera. 

Rosa  muliti flora. 
Carpinus  Caroliniana. 


Negundo  aceroides. 

Halesia  tetraptera. 
Phellodendron  Amurense. 
Acer  Pennsylvanicum. 

Morus  alba. 

Ulmus  campestris,  var.  stricta 

pur  pur  ea. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Betula  alba. 
Juglans  nigra. 
Carya  alba. 

Celtis  Occidentalis. 
Tilia  Americana. 

Idesia  polycarpa. 
Magnolia  glauca. 

Gleditschia  triacanthos. 
ALsculus  hippocastanum. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Pinus  ponderosa. 
Quercus  robur. 


3i6 


COMMON  NAME 

28.  Japan  Arbor  Vitae( Variety 

squarrosa) . 


29. 


32. 

33- 
34- 
35- 

36. 

37- 
38. 

39- 

40. 
41. 
42. 
43- 
44- 

45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 

49- 


51- 


53- 

54- 
55- 
56. 

57- 

58. 
59- 
60. 
61. 


Austrian  Pine. 

Nordmann's  Silver  Fir. 

Italian  Maple. 

Cockspur  Thorn  (Variety 
pyracanthafolia) . 

Corylopsis. 

Large-thorned  Hawthorn. 

Large-leaved  Maple,  Ore- 
gon Maple. 

Purple-leaved    European 
Hazel. 

Deodar,  Indian  Cedar. 

Japan  Lemon. 

Austrian  Pine. 

Lovely  Azalea. 

Buckthorn. 

European  White  Birch. 

Witch  Hazel. 

Indian     Bean     Tree     or 
Southern  Catalpa. 

Katsura  Tree. 

Early-flowering        Jessa- 
mine. 

American  Holly. 

Japan  Azalea. 

Lily  of  the  Valley  Tree. 

Tree     Celandine,     Plume 
Poppy. 

Scarlet-fruited      Haw- 
thorn, White  Thorn. 

Black  Haw. 

Red  Oak. 

Norway  Spruce. 

European  Larch. 

Sassafras. 

Ash-leaved    Maple,    Box 
Elder. 

Red  Maple. 

Red  Oak. 

Smooth  Sumac. 

Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 
Forsythia. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Chamacyparis  (or  Retinas- 
pora)  pisifera,  var,  squar- 
rosa. 

Pinus  Austriaca. 

Abies  Nordmanniana. 

Acer  It  alum. 

CratcBgus  crus-galli,  var.  pyra- 
canthafolia. 

Corylopsis  spicata. 

Crat&gus  macracantha. 

Acer  macro phyllum. 

Corylus  avellana,  var.  atropur- 

purea. 

Cedrus  Deodara. 
Citrus  trifoliata. 
Pinus  Austriaca. 
Azalea  amcena. 
Rhamnus  cathartica. 
Betula  alba. 

Hamatnelis  Virginiana. 
Catalpa  bignonioides . 

Cercidiphyllum  Japonicum. 
Jasminum  nudiflorum. 

Ilex  opaca. 
'Azalea  mollis. 
Andromeda  floribunda. 
Bocconia  cordata. 

Cratcegus  coccinea. 

Viburnum  prunifolium. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Picea  excelsa. 
Larix  Europaa. 
Sassafras  officinale. 
Negundo  aceroides. 

Acerrubrum. 
Quercus  rubra. 
Rhus  glabra. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 


COMMON  NAME 

62.  Scarlet  Oak. 

63.  Prostrate    English     Yew 

(Low  and  spreading). 

64.  Spicebush. 

65.  Yellow  wood. 

66.  Japan  Holly. 

67.  Cedar  of  Lebanon. 

68.  Thunberg's  or  Japan  Bar- 

berry 

69.  Common  Horsechestnut. 

70.  Dwarf  Mountain  Sumac. 

7 1 .  European  Larch. 

72.  Black  Cherry. 

73.  Ninebark. 

74.  Smooth  Sumac. 

75.  European  Mountain  Ash, 

Rowan  Tree. 

76.  European  Beech. 

77.  Black  Oak. 

78.  English  Elm.  _ 

79.  American  White  Ash. 

80.  Red  Cedar. 

8 1.  American  Chestnut. 

82.  Hop  Hornbeam  or  Iron- 

wood. 

83.  Tulip  Tree. 

84.  Flowering  Dogwood. 

85.  Spicebush. 

86.  Arrowwood. 

87.  Smooth  Alder. 

88.  Bald  Cypress. 

89.  Reeve's  Spiraea. 

90.  Oriental  Spruce,  Eastern 

Spruce. 

91.  Plume-leaved  Japan   Ar- 

bor Vitae. 

92.  Cherry     Birch,     Sweet 

Birch,  Black  Birch. 

93.  Mock  Orange    or    Sweet 

Syringa. 

94.  Washington  Thorn. 

95.  European  Silver  Linden. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Quercus  coccinea. 

Taxas  baccata,  var.  prostrata. 

Benzoin  benzoin. 
Cladrastis  tine  tor  ia. 
Ilex  crenata. 
Cedrus  Libani. 
Berberis  Thunbergii. 

ALsculus  hippocastanum. 
Rhus  copallina. 
Larix  Europcea. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Physocarpus  (or  Spir&a)  opu- 

li folia. 
Rhus  glabra. 
Pyrus  aucuparia. 

Fagus  sylvatica. 
Quercus  coccinea,  var.  tinctoria. 
Ulmus  campestris. 
Fraxinus  Americana. 
Juniperus  Virginiana. 
Castanea  sativa,  var.  Ameri- 
cana. 
Ostrya  Virginica. 

Liriodendron  Tulipifera. 
Cornus  florid  a. 
Benzoin  benzoin. 
Viburnum  dentatum. 
Alnus  serrulata. 
Taxodium  distichum. 
Spir&a  Reevesiana. 
Picea  Orientalis. 

Cham&cyparis     (or     Retinos- 
pora}  pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Betula  lenta. 

Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Crat&gus  cordata. 
Tiha  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 
(or  alba). 


96. 
97- 


99. 
100 

101 
IO2 
103 
104 

I05 
106 
107 


COMMON  NAME 

Common  Locust. 
White  Pine. 
Koelreuteria    or    Varnish 

Tree. 

Weeping       European, 
White  Birch. 

Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 

Wild  Red  Osier. 

Silver  or  White  Maple. 

California  Privet. 

White  Poplar,  Abele  Tree. 

Ginkgo  Tree. 

European  Linden. 

Weeping  Willow,  Baby- 
lonian Willow, 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Pinus  strobus. 
Koelreuteria  paniculata. 

Betula  alba,  var.  pendula. 

Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
Cornus  stolonifera. 
Acer  dasycarpum. 
Ligustrum  ovalifolium. 
Populus  alba. 
Salisburia  adiantifolia. 
Tilia  Euro  per  a. 
Salix  Babylonica. 


XV. 

HARLEM  MEER  AND  VICINITY 

This  Section,  the  vicinity  of  the  Green  Houses  and 
McGowan's  Pass  Tavern,  is  full  of  many  interest- 
ing things  which  will  be  sure  to  claim  your  atten- 
tion. Most  of  the  trees  and  shrubs  of  this  area  you 
have  met  before  on  your  rambles  in  the  lower  sections 
of  the  Park,  but  there  are  several  here  which  are 
new,  that  is,  which  are  not  represented  in  other  parts 
of  the  Park.  Let  us  consider  these  in  detail : — 

Acer  Italum.  (Italian  Maple.  No.  31.)  This  in- 
teresting tree,  a  native  of  Italy,  Switzerland,  and 
Southern  Europe,  will  be  found  at  the  extreme  south- 
west corner  of  the  Green  Houses.  It  is  very  close  to 
the  wall,  and  you  can  pick  it  out  by  its  leaves  which 
resemble  cut-down  editions  of  the  sycamore  maple's 
leaves.  They  look  very  much  like  the  leaves  of  that 
tree,  with  the  lobes  obtusely  rounded  off.  They  are 
five-lobed,  about  five  inches  long,  and  whitened  be- 
neath. The  tree  flowers  in  drooping  corymbs,  and  its 
keys  (fruit)  have  slightly  spreading  wings.  The  tree 
stands  just  below  the  Crat&gus  crns-galli,  var.  pyra- 
canthafolia,  to  the  east  of  it. 

Acer  macrophyllum.  (Large-leaved  Maple.  Oregon 
Maple.  No.  35.)  South  of  the  Green  Houses,  close 
to  the  line  of  frames  of  the  nursery  that  backs  up  this 
interesting  patch  of  slope  here,  you  will  find  a  fine 


320 

specimen  of  this  tree.  That  you  may  find  it  readily, 
if  you  skirt  the  southerly  end  of  the  Green  Houses 
and  follow  the  line  of  nursery  frames,  south,  for  about 
half  way  between  the  Green  Houses  and  the  southerly 
end  of  the  nursery  frames,  you  will  see  this  tree 
standing,  pretty  well  hidden  by  neighboring  growths, 
a  little  north  of  a  point  where  an  imaginary  line 
would  strike,  if  the  Walk  at  the  southerly  end  of  the 
Green  Houses'  beds  were  carried  westward  to  the 
nursery  frames.  If  you  know  the  purple-leaved  Eu- 
ropean hazel,  the  Oregon  maple  stands  just  northwest 
of  it.  But  I  think  you  will  have  no  difficulty  in  find- 
ing it,  for  its  leaves  are  very  large,  eight  to  ten  inches 
broad.  These  broad  leaves  are  cut  into  five  (often 
seven)  deep  lobes,  and  the  lobes  themselves  are  cut 
again  into  sections  that  make  them  rather  three-lobed. 
They  have  something  of  the  look  of  a  large-sized  leaf 
of  the  Oriental  plane  tree.  On  the  undersides  they 
are  pubescent,  when  young,  of  a  pale  green  hue.  The 
tree  flowers  in  the  spring,  with  erect  panicles  of  fra- 
grant yellow  flowers,  densely  woolly,  appearing  after 
the  leaves  have  opened.  The  yellow  fruit  is  also  very 
hairy  and  has  large  broad  wings  which  spread  at  an 
angle  of  about  forty-five  degrees.  The  specimen  be- 
fore you  here  is  the  only  one  in  the  Park,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  it  will  be  allowed  to  stand  here, 
even  if  it  falls  into  decline,  for  it  is  a  rare  tree  to  see 
in  our  section.  Along  the  Pacific  coast  it  grows  to 
magnificent  proportions,  developing  into  a  noble  and 
imposing  tree,  reaching  a  height  of  a  hundred  feet 
or  more, 


FLOWERS  AND  LEAF  OF  THE  STRIPED  MAPLE  (Acer  Pennsylvanicum) 
Map  15.    No.  12. 


321 

Acer  pennsylvanicnm.  (Striped  Maple.  Moosewood. 
Whistlewood.  No.  12.)  If  the  love  of  trees  is  in 
your  heart,  a  thrill  of  joy  must  leap  through  you 
when  you  stand  face  to  face  with  the  striped  maple. 
The  beautiful  veining  of  the  fine  stripes  running  length- 
wise up  and  down  the  trunk  and  branches  is  a  sight  that 
sends  the  eye  roving  over  them  in  keen  delight.  These 
very  stripes  alone  are  enough  to  identify  the  tree.  The 
trunk  bark  is  of  a  deep  reddish  brown,  and  the  fine 
stripes  or  lines  crinkle  through  it  in  delicate  whitish 
or  lightish  streaks.  The  younger  shoots  are  greenish, 
and  on  these  the  stripes  are  dull  blackish.  You  can- 
not mistake  the  tree  if  you  note  its  bark.  It  has  broad, 
goose-foot  leaves,  divided  into  three  lobes,  the  end 
lobes  running  out  into  long  finely  cut  points.  They 
are  of  a  lovely  clear  green,  and  of  tender  texture — 
especially  in  spring.  If  you  look  at  their  leaf  stalks 
you  will  see  that  they  are  grooved  and  swollen  at  the 
base.  Sometime  in  May  try  to  get  near  these  lovely 
trees  when  they  are  in  full  bloom.  If  you  succeed  you 
will  never  forget  the  fairly  little  chimes  of  drooping 
racemes  of  bell-shaped  yellow  flowers  swinging  on 
slender  stems,  under  the  soft  green  leaves.  Five  tiny 
little  petals  make  up  their  corollas.  The  staminate  and 
pistillate  flowers  are  carried  usually  in  separate  racemes 
on  the  same  tree.  In  the  staminate  flowers,  the  stamens 
are  usually  eight.  Pale  green,  broadly  winged  keys 
tied  together  in  a  hanging  chain,  succeed  the  fairy 
flowers.  Look  closely  at  these  keys  or  samaras  (fruits) 
as  they  are  botanically  called.  Can  you  see  that  small 
cavity  on  each  side  of  the  fruit?  This  is  a  feature 


322 

which  (with  the  exception  of  the  mountain  maple)  dis- 
tinguishes the  striped  maple  from  its  fellows.  These 
keys  are  ripe  in  late  August  or  early  September.  The 
tree  gets  its  name  "Moosewood"  from  the  fact  that 
the  moose  feed  upon  its  bark  and  branches.  You  will 
find  a  good  specimen  of  this  tree  very  near  the  steps, 
back  (north)  of  McGowan's  stables.  These  steps 
carry  the  Walk  on  from  the  Green  Houses  to  the 
Drive,  a  little  north  of  McGowan's.  Close  by  the 
lower  northerly  corner  of  the  steps  a  good  hackberry 
guards,  with  warty  bark  and  oblique  leaves,  and  a 
little  east  of  this  tree  stands  the  striped  maple.  You 
can  tell  it  instantly  in  summer  by  its  three-lobed, 
"goose-foot"  leaves,  and  white  streaked  bark;  in  win- 
ter by  its  bark,  its  richly  rose-colored  buds  and  leaf- 
scars  which  are  conspicuously  ridged  on  the  under- 
sides. You  will  find  another  specimen  of  the  tree 
near  the  Walk  leading  in  from  One  Hundred  and 
Sixth  Street,  not  far  to  the  northwest  of  the  Chinese 
cork  tree,  about  half  way  between  the  third  and  fourth 
forks  of  the  Walk. 

Alnus  serrulata.  (Smooth  Alder.  No.  87.)  Enter 
the  Park  at  the  Gate  at  Sixth  Avenue  and  One  Hun- 
dred and  Tenth  Street,  left-hand  Walk,  and  go  south, 
turn  to  the  right  and  follow  the  shore  of  Harlem  Meer 
around  to  the  west  and  then  to  the  south,  until  you 
come  to  the  second  place  where  the  Walk  comes  down 
close  to  the  water's  edge.  Standing  on  this  open 
space,  and  facing  the  water  (east)  you  will  have  on 
your  left,  on  the  tongue  of  land  between  Walk  and 
water,  some  good  specimens  of  the  smooth  alder.  One 


323 

of  them  is  in  the  very  tip  of  the  tongue,  and  all  of 
them  are  close  by  the  water's  edge  and  lean  out  over 
it.  You  can  easily  identify  them  by  the  tiny  little 
black  woody  "cones" — the  seed  vessels  of  the  alder — 
which  are  sure  to  be  present  on  them,  for  they  are 
very  persistent  and  remain  throughout  the  year.  Usu- 
ally you  can  see  them  black  against  the  sky  with  their 
parts  open,  the  seeds  gone.  The  leaves  are  thick,  with 
the  midrib  and  veins  very  noticeably  depressed  on  the 
uppersides,  and  equally  noticeably  ridged  beneath.  In 
shape  they  are  obovate  (reversed  egg-shaped),  com- 
ing gradually  down  to  an  acute  base.  But  look  at 
their  margins,  and  see  the  sharp,  fine  serrations.  It 
is  this  very  fine  cutting  which  has  given  the  shrub 
its  specific  botanical  name — serralata  (little  serrations). 
See,  too,  how  smooth  and  shining  the  leaves  are  on  the 
uppersides.  On  the  under  they  are  a  paler  green,  and 
often  slightly  downy.  In  size  the  leaves  are  from  two 
to  four  inches  long.  In  the  spring  of  the  year  the 
alder  blooms,  the  staminate  flowers  in  very  conspic- 
uous pendant  catkins,  hanging  like  long  pencils  from 
the  branches.  These  catkins  are  made  up  of  a  closely- 
linked  chain  of  bracts,  and  under  the  bracts  are  the 
tiny  little  anthers  which  carry  and  let  loose  the  fertil- 
izing pollen.  As  you  stand  here,  note  the  fine  bald 
cypress  with  feather-like  leaves  just  back  of  the  smooth 
alders,  and  the  handsome  clump  of  arrowwood  that 
masses  the  right-hand  tongue  of  ground  between  Walk 
and  water  to  the  south. 

Bocconia  cordata.    (Tree  Celandine.   Plume  Poppy. 
No.  50.)     In  late  July  or  early  August  the  beautiful 


324 

white  or  rose-white,  feathery  plumes  of  this  Japan 
perennial  are  sure  to  arrest  your  attention.  Plume 
poppy  is  a  good  name  for  the  plant.  Its  terminal  pan- 
icles of  bloom  are  certainly  plume-like,  and  for  feathery 
fineness  they  cannot  be  excelled.  You  can  easily  iden- 
tify the  plant  by  these  plume-like  panicles  which  tuft 
and  pompon  the  ends  of  the  tall,  upright,  thickset 
stalks.  These  stalks  or  stems  are  set  with  beautifully 
cut  leaves,  round-cordate,  with  the  lobes  themselves 
cut  again  and  again  into  smaller  lobes.  If  the  plant 
is  not  in  flower,  these  very  strikingly-cut  leaves  will 
identify  it.  The  leaves  are  thick,  veiny  and  glaucous, 
and  have  a  somewhat  fig-like  look.  The  plant  gets 
its  name  from  Dr.  Paolo  Bocconi,  an  Italian  (Sicilian) 
botanist  and  belongs  to  the  poppy  family.  You  will 
find  an  excellent  specimen  of  it,  just  south  of  the  Cerci- 
diphyllum,  and  west  of  a  fine  American  holly  that 
stands  close  by  the  Walk  which  comes  down  from  the 
rear  of  McGowan's.  To  make  this  perfectly  clear, 
take  the  Walk  that  starts  in  from  the  Drive,  just 
south  of  McGowan's,  with  a  black  walnut  on  either 
side  of  it,  where  it  starts  from  the  Drive.  Follow  it 
easterly  to  the  stone  urn,  then  branch  off  to  your  right 
southerly  to  the  third  fork  of  the  Walk.  About  mid- 
way between  the  third  and  fourth  fork,  on  your  right 
(west)  stands  the  American  holly.  Just  west  of  this 
is  Azalea,  mollis,  and  due  west  of  the  azalea,  and  south 
of  the  Cercidiphyllum  is  the  handsome  mass  of  Boc- 
conia.  A  graceful  Magnolia  glauca,  with  leaves  green 
above  and  whitish  below,  stands  off  a  little  to  the 
southwest  of  the  Bocconia. 


325 

Cedrns  Deodara.  (Deodar.  Indian  Cedar.  No.  37.) 
This  tree  stands  in  a  spot  pretty  well  hidden  from  the 
Walk.  It  is  down  the  bank,  in  the  tangle  of  growths 
that  make  up  the  space  southwest  of  the  Green  Houses, 
known  as  the  old  nurseries.  If  you  take  the  Walk 
that  runs  from  the  steps  at  the  back  of  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  northerly  Green  House,  and  go  south 
with  it,  behind  the  Green  Houses,  following  it  along 
until  you  come  pretty  near  the  third  fork  of  the  Walk, 
you  will  find  the  tree.  The  Deodar  stands  about  in 
line  with  the  end  of  the  Walk  at  the  southerly  ex- 
tremity of  the  Green  House  beds.  It  is  just  a  little 
up  the  slope,  to  the  west  of  the  purple-leaved  Euro- 
pean hazel  which  you  can  find  easily  by  its  dark 
crimson  leaves — the  only  crimson  foliaged  shrub  in 
this  vicinity.  The  Deodar  you  can  recognize  by  its 
linear  (narrow  and  with  margins  parallel)  leaves  gath- 
ered together  in  little  alternate  bunches  or  clusters. 
These  leaves  are  sharp-pointed,  stiff  and  straight,  about 
an  inch  or  two  inches  long.  They  are  generally  three 
or  four-sided  in  shape,  and  evergreen.  This  feature 
distinguishes  the  tree  from  the  larch,  which  drops  its 
leaves  in  the  autumn  (deciduous).  When  your  eye 
fastens  on  the  little  leaf  clusters,  you  might  easily 
think  the  tree  a  larch,  if  you  did  not  know  that  its 
leaves  were  evergreen.  The  cones,  too,  of  the  Cedrus 
are  distinctive — growing  erect  on  the  branches  and 
falling  apart  when  mature.  The  cones  of  the  larch 
are  erect  also,  but  do  not  break  apart,  are  very  per- 
sistent on  the  branch,  and  when  they  do  fall,  fall  as 
a  whole  cone.  The  cones  of  the  Deodara  are  about 


326 

five  inches,  and,  when  young,  are  of  a  rich  reddish- 
brown  hue  which,  as  the  cone  ripens,  dulls  to  brown. 
The  tree  is  pyramidal  in  habit  of  growth,  and  the  gen- 
eral effect  of  its  foliage  is  dark,  bluish-green  overcast 
with  a  glaucous  hue. 

Cercidiphyllum  Japonicum.  (Katsura  Tree.  No.  45.) 
Two  exceedingly  handsome  specimens  of  this  interest- 
ing Japan  tree  are  in  the  close  vicinity  of  McGowan's 
restaurant.  They  are  back  of  the  Walk,  and  half 
hidden  by  masses  of  other  things.  To  see  them  you 
must  look  for  them,  for  they  are  pretty  well  hidden 
from  the  casual  observer.  Take  the  Walk  that  crosses 
the  Drive  south  of  McGowan's  Pass  Tavern,  where 
two  black  walnuts — handsome  trees — guard  its  either 
side.  Follow  it  easterly  to  where  it  forks  by  a  large 
stone  urn;  take  the  southerly  branch  (your  right), 
and  continue  until  you  come  about  half  way  between 
the  second  and  the  third  fork  of  the  Walk.  If  you 
have  a  permit  to  go  upon  the  lawns,  you  will  find 
the  two  handsome  Katsura  trees  just  below  the  rise 
of  ground  at  the  west  of  the  Walk.  At  first,  from 
their  leaves,  you  might  think  them  some  kind  of 
Judas  tree  (redbud),  for  the  leaves  so  closely  re- 
semble the  leaves  of  that  tree,  that  they  have  been 
named  Cercidiphyllum,  from  two  Greek  words,  Kerkis 
(Cercis),  the  name  of  the  Judas  tree,  and  phyllon, 
leaf.  Indeed,  the  leaves  are  exceedingly  like  those 
of  the  Judas  tree — only  smaller.  They  are  broadly- 
cordate  (heart-shaped),  generally  opposite  on  the 
branch,  though  sometimes  alternate,  and  distinctly 
nerved  (veined)  with  five  to  seven  ribs.  Though  ap- 


parently  entire  about  the  margin,  if  you  look  at  them 
closely  with  your  hand  lens,  you  will  find  that  they 
are  very  finely  cut  with  rounded  teeth.  On  the  under- 
sides the  leaves  are  slightly  glaucous,  but  on  the 
upper,  they  are  smooth  (glabrous)  and  of  a  dark 
green.  The  leaf  stalks  are  interesting,  dark  red  in 
hue,  and  jointed  beyond  the  base.  The  flowers  are 
not  conspicuous,  without  petals  and  solitary.  These 
develop  into  pods  which  are  dehiscent,  that  is,  split 
open  in  a  regular  way,  to  discharge  the  seed  when 
ripe.  These  pods,  usually  two  to  four,  break  open 
along  the  outer  seam  to  discharge  the  seeds.  The 
seeds  have  membranous  wings.  The  Katsura  is  a 
bushy  tree,  and  these  two  here  before  you  are  well 
up  to  the  type.  The  tree  belongs  to  the  magnolia 
family. 

Crsetaegus  crus-galli,  var.  pyracanthafolia.  (Cock- 
spur  Thorn,  variety  pyracanthafolia.  No.  32.)  At 
the  southwest  corner  of  the  Green  Houses,  close  by 
the  wall  there,  up  the  slope,  a  little  back  (west)  of 
the  Acer  Italum,  you  will  find  a  small  tree  bristling 
with  thorns  and  with  small,  thick,  leathery  and  very 
glossy  leaves.  These  leaves  are  broad  at  the  end, 
and  gradually  narrow  down  to  a  long,  thin,  wedge- 
shaped  base,  not  unlike  a  miniature  lacrosse  stick.  If 
you  have  learned  the  look  of  the  cockspur  thorn's  leaf, 
the  leaves  of  the  tree  must  instantly  suggest  that  tree 
to  you.  They  look  like  a  cut-down  similitude  of  the 
cockspur's  leaf.  This  tree  is  not  a  large  one,  and  you 
can  pick  it  out  easily  by  its  thorns.  It  is  too  bad  that 
both  this  tree  and  the  Italian  maple  should  be  in  this 


328 

rather  inaccessible  spot,  for  they  are  of  special  in- 
terest to  the  tree  lover,  by  reason  of  their  rather  rare 
occurrence  in  public  parks.  Their  presence  here,  in 
this  particularly  out-of-the-way  place  is  explained  by 
the  fact  that  they  stand  on  ground  for  many  years 
used  by  the  Park  for  a  nursery. 

Idesia  polycarpa.  (Idesia.  No.  21.)  If  you  enter 
at  the  East  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Street  Gate,  and 
proceed  west  to  the  third  fork  of  the  Walk,  turn  to 
the  left  and  go  south  to  the  steps  at  the  end  of  the 
first  Green  House,  go  up  the  steps  and  follow  the 
path  that  skirts  the  slope  back  of  McGowan's  Pass 
Tavern,  you  will  find  this  tree.  At  first  you  might 
mistake  it  for  a  white  mulberry,  but  it  is  a  very  dif- 
ferent kind  of  tree.  It  belongs  to  the  Bixacea,  and 
gets  its  name  from  a  Dutch  explorer  in  China,  Yobrants 
Ides.  It  stands,  as  you  will  see,  by  referring  to  the 
map,  on  a  little  "island"  of  Walk  that  has  come  to 
anchor  just  below  the  slope  back  of  McGowan's.  This 
little  "island"  runs  north  and  south.  From  the  south- 
erly end,  walking  north,  you  pass  a  couple  of  good 
specimens  of  Magnolia  glauca,  easily  picked  out  by 
the  white  undersides  of  their  leaves,  then  comes  a 
good  Kentucky  coffee  tree,  with  very  rough  bark  and 
large  doubly  compound  leaves.  Then  another  Mag- 
nolia glauca,  and  then  the  Idesia.  You  can  tell  it  at 
once  by  its  alternate,  simple,  heart-shaped,  five-veined 
leaves,  which  are  fairly  large  and  at  a  distance  some- 
what resemble  the  leaves  of  the  mulberry.  A  distin- 
guishing feature  of  the  leaves  is  the  very  long  red 
petiole  (leaf  stalk).  On  this  petiole,  near  the  base  of 


IDESIA  (Idesia  poly  car  pa) 
Map  15.    No.  21. 


329 

the  leaf,  you  will  find  glands  (like  the  glands  on 
the  leaf-stems  of  the  prunus).  Glands  are  also  pres- 
ent on  the  twigs  of  the  tree.  This  interesting  im- 
portation from  Japan  and  China  blooms  in  drooping, 
fragrant,  terminal  and  axillary  panicles  of  greenish- 
yellow  flowers.  The  flowers  are  rather  inconspicuous. 
They  are  petalless,  but  have  five  woolly  sepals.  The 
sepals  are  divisions  of  the  calyx.  These  flowers  change 
into  small  orange-yellow  many-seeded  berries  about 
the  size  of  an  ordinary  pea. 

Phellodendron  Amurense.  (Chinese  Cork  Tree.  No. 
n.)  In  his  Section  there  grows  the  best  specimen 
of  the  Chinese  cork  tree  in  the  Park.  You  can  find 
it  very  easily  by  entering  the  Park  at  the  East  One 
Hundred  and  Sixth  Street  Gate  and  going  west  until 
you  pass  the  third  branching  of  the  Walk.  Just  be- 
yond this  third  offshoot  of  Walk  (which  leads  in  to 
the  Green  Houses),  down  in  the  open  space  which  fills 
in  back  of  McGowan's  stables,  and  west  of  the  beds 
that  lie  to  the  north  of  the  Green  Houses  you  will  find 
this  tree.  It  is  down  the  bank,  due  south  of  the  Walk 
by  which  you  entered,  about  a  stone's  throw  from  the 
point  where  the  third  fork  breaks  off  from  the  Walk 
to  run  south  to  the  Green  Houses.  It  is  a  tall  thin 
tree  about  thirty  feet  high,  somewhat  Y-form  in  shape. 
You  will  know  it  easily  by  its  ailanthus-like  leaves. 
These  compound  leaves  are  about  two  or  three  feet 
long,  and  set  oppositely  on  the  branch.  They  are 
made  up  of  many  leaflets  which  are  placed  along  the 
leaf-stem  in  a  way  that  botanists  term  odd-pinnate. 
That  is,  pinnate  (with  the  leaflets  set  along  the  stem  in  a 


330 

feather-like  [pinna]  manner),  with  an  odd  leaflet  at 
the  end.  In  this  tree  the  leaflets  run  from  seven  to 
about  seventeen  in  number.  They  are  ovate-lanceo- 
late, very  finely  and  sharply  serrated,  and  come  down 
to  long  point  (acuminate).  On  the  uppersides  they 
are  almost  smooth  and  are  of  a  dark  green  color,  but 
on  the  undersides  they  are  slightly  glaucous.  They 
turn  bright  red  in  autumn.  In  June  the  tree  flowers 
in  short  panicles  of  inconspicuous  greenish  flowers 
from  the  ends  of  the  branches.  These  flowers  change 
later  into  small  blue-black  berries  of  about  the  size 
of  a  pea,  which  hang  upon  the  tree  in  grape-like  clus- 
ters late  into  the  winter.  The  bark  of  the  tree  is  of 
a  light  gray  and  corky.  The  tree  gets  its  botanical 
name  from  two  Greek  words,  phellos,  cork,  and  den- 
dron,  tree. 

Picea  Orientalis.  (Eastern  or  Oriental  Spruce.  No. 
90.)  To  find  this  handsome  variety  of  spruce  take 
the  right-hand  Walk  at  the  Lenox  Avenue  Gate,  One 
Hundred  and  Tenth  Street..  Follow  it  to  the  west  un- 
til it  throws  out  a  short  branch  to  the  Drive;  cross 
the  Drive  at  this  point  and  take  up  the  Walk  again 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Drive.  Some  steps  meet  you 
here,  with  some  good  clumps  of  Reeve's  spirsea  garn- 
ishing their  easterly  side.  At  the  foot  of  these  steps 
turn  to  your  left  and  go  easterly  a  short  space  along 
the  shore  walk  of  the  Harlem  Meer.  The  Walk 
spreads  out  here  in  a  little  platform-like  space  to  come 
down  close  to  the  water,  forming  small  tongues  of 
bank  on  either  side.  About  opposite  the  easterly 
tongue  of  bank  that  lies  between  water  and  walk, 


CHINESE  CCRK  TREE  (Phcllodcndron  Amurensc) 
Map  15.     No.  n. 


331 

you  will  find  this  Oriental  spruce.  A  good  honey 
locust  stands  diagonally  over  from  it,  to  the  south- 
east. Like  all  true  spruces  the  leaves  of  the  Oriental 
are  four-sided  and  scattered  singly  over  the  branch. 
You  remember  that  the  chief  feature  of  the  pine  is 
the  characteristic  gathering  of  its  leaves  together  in 
little  bundles  (fascicles),  of  twos,  threes,  or  fives. 
The  spruce  is  therefore  easily  distinguished  from  the 
pine  by  observing  this  leaf  feature  alone.  With  the 
spruce  each  leaf  is  fastened  to  the  branch  singly,  and 
is  four-sided.  In  this  four-sided  feature  it  differs  from 
the  fir  which  has  its  leaves  fiat.  There  are  many  other 
botanical  distinctions  between  the  pine,  the  spruce, 
and  the  fir,  but  these  features  just  mentioned  will  be 
enough  for  any  rambler  who  has  not  delved  into  the 
deeper  mysteries  of  botany,  to  tell  at  a  glance  whether 
a  tree  is  a  pine,  spruce  or  fir.  It  may  be  well  to  add 
here  that  the  cone  of  the  fir  stands  up  erect  on  the 
branch,  and  its  scales  fall  away  from  a  central  axis 
when  ripe;  the  cone  of  the  pine  and  of  the  spruce  do 
not  break  their  scales  apart  in  this  manner,  but,  when 
ripe,  fall  from  the  branch,  as  a  whole  cone,  with  all 
the  scales  persistent.  The  cones  of  the  pine  and  of 
the  spruce  hang  drooping  (pendulous)  from  the 
branches,  the  cones  of  the  fir  stand  straight  up,  erect, 
like  candles  set  upon  a  candle-stick. 

The  leaves  of  the  Oriental  spruce  are  short,  stout 
and  blunt  at  the  tip.  They  are  about  an  inch  long, 
of  a  rich,  glossy  dark-green  which  gives  the  tree  in 
the  fulness  of  its  foliage,  a  dark  handsome  gloom. 
When  I  come  upon  one  of  these  dark  and  slumbrous 


332 

shadowed  evergreens,  the  sight  awakes  in  me  a  feel- 
ing like  the  opening  chords  of  Chopin's  grand  Marche 
Funebre,  or  the  wonderful  music  of  the  Valhalla 
motive — full  of  an  uplifting  majesty  that  bears  the 
soul  to  silent  communion  with  the  solemn  mysteries 
of  the  eternal.  There  is  surely  something  in  this. 
The  bright  dancing  flash  of  sunlit  birch  leaves  is  a 
scherzo,  and  the  dark  shadows  of  the  full-clothed  ever- 
green are  those  deep  bass  chords  that  go  way  down 
in  you  and  rock  the  foundations  of  your  soul.  But 
to  come  back  to  our  spruce.  You  see  that  the  leaves 
are  distinctly  four-sided,  and  that  they  are  set  singly 
on  the  branch,  completely  surrounding  it  so  that  they 
point  in  every  direction.  The  cones  of  this  tree  are 
small,  about  three  inches  long,  cylindrical,  of  a  soft, 
dull  brown.  The  cone-scales  are  thin,  pliant,  and  clasp 
over  each  other  loosely.  These  cone  scales  are  rounded 
at  the  ends,  but  the  ends,  if  you  look  at  them  closely, 
are  slightly  uneven  along  the  edges.  The  small  cigar- 
like  cones  are  usually  covered  with  resin  of  a  frosty 
white,  and  hang  in  thick  bunches  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches.  This  tree,  in  its  perfect  development,  is 
indeed  beautiful.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Black  Sea  where 
it  grows  to  a  height  of  seventy-five  feet.  It  is  of  com- 
pact foliage  and  of  a  distinctly  conical  form  of  growth. 
Pinus  ponderosa.  (Western  Yellow  Pine.  No.  26.) 
Back  of  McGowan's  Pass  Tavern,  a  little  to  the  south- 
east, on  the  ground  embraced  by  the  encircling  walk, 
you  will  see  two  large  pine  trees.  They  are  between 
thirty  and  forty  feet  high,  with  board-reaching  boughs. 
If  you  can  get  near  enough  to  them  to  count  the  leaves 


WESTERN  YELLOW  PINE  (Pinus  ponderosa) 
Map  15.     No.  26. 


333 

in  one  of  the  little  bundles  (fascicles),  you  will  see 
that  they  are  in  threes. 

You  have  met  this  pine  in  the  Ramble,  and  the  de- 
scription there  given  will  serve  for  these  trees.  I 
simply  wish,  here,  to  call  your  attention  to  these  fine 
specimens — the  best  in  the  Park  of  this  variety  of  pine. 
They  are  handsome  fellows  truly,  and  it  will  be  some 
time  before  the  sapling  in  the  Ramble  reaches  their 
proportions.  See  these  trees  by  all  means. 

Pyrus  aucuparia.  (European  Mountain  Ash.  Rowan 
Tree.  No.  75.)  Near  the  Loch,  at  the  extreme  south- 
westerly corner  of  this  section,  you  will  find  a  fair 
sized  specimen  of  this  beautiful  foreign  comrade  of 
our  native  mountain  ash.  You  will  meet  it,  well  up  on 
the  greensward  at  the  left  of  the  Walk  as  you  come 
from  the  Arch  (over  which  runs  the  Drive)  along  the 
path  that  wanders  from  the  wooded  shores  of  the  Har- 
lem Meer.  After  passing  beneath  the  Arch,  follow  the 
path  southwards,  through  a  short  rock-walk,  out  upon 
the  open,  with  the  silent  and  dreaming  waters  of  the 
Loch  upon  your  right,  and  a  broad,  gentle  rise  of  green 
on  your  left,  where  it  slopes  up  easily  to  the  hilly  heights 
of  McGowan's.  The  mountain  ash  stands  on  this 
greensward  about  twenty  feet  off  to  your  left,  as  you 
follow  the  path  southerly.  You  may  fix  its  position 
easily  if  you  look  for  it  about  opposite  the  lower  flange 
of  the  Walk  which  runs  down  close  to  the  Loch.  It  is  a 
small  sized  tree,  about  twenty  feet  high,  with  a  bark 
on  the  upper  branches  especially,  which  makes  you 
think  of  the  peach  or  the  cherry  tree — a  kind  of  sheen- 
like  gloss,  like  the  burnish  of  polished  metal,  yet  not 


334 

hard  to  look  upon,  but  pleasing,  satin-like  and  finished. 
Look  closely  at  the  beautiful  compound  leaves  of  this 
tree.  They  are  about  five  to  eight  inches  in  length  and 
are  made  up  of  from  six  to  eight  pairs  of  leaflets,  with 
an  odd  one  at  the  end.  These  leaflets,  downy  beneath, 
are  beautifully  cut  (serrate),  and,  note  this  especially, 
they  are  obtuse  at  the  end.  This  feature  marks  them  at 
once  from  any  confusion  with  our  native  species.  The 
leaflets  of  our  native  mountain  ash  are  all  distinctly 
sharp  pointed.  There  are  many  other  differences  be- 
tween the  two  trees,  but  if  you  are  in  doubt  whether  the 
tree  is  native  or  foreign,  look  at  the  leaflets,  a  glance 
will  tell  you.  If  the  tree  is  not  in  foliage,  look  at  the 
winter  buds.  Those  of  the  European  are  very  densely 
tomentose  (hairy)  while  those  of  the  American  are 
generally  smooth,  sometimes  very  slightly  hairy.  The 
flowers  appear  in  May,  in  dense,  broad,  showy  cymes 
of  creamy-white,  fully  half  a  foot  wide.  They  are  very 
handsome.  The  blossoms  are  succeeded  by  brilliant 
scarlet  or  orange-red  berries  in  heavy  clusters.  The 
berries  of  the  European  mountain  ash  are  larger  than 
those  of  our  own  tree  and  are  much  more  showy. 

Tllmus  campestris,  var.  stricta  purpurea.  (Purple- 
leaved  English  Elm.  No.  14.)  You  will  find  this  tree 
on  the  left  of  the  Walk  as  you  go  west  from  One  Hun- 
dred and  Sixth  Street  Gate,  not  far  from  the  fourth 
fork  of  the  Walk.  It  stands  just  beyond  a  white  mul- 
berry tree.  The  mulberry  has  mitten-shaped  leaves, 
glossy  on  the  uppersides.  It  stands  just  beyond  a 
beautiful  striped  maple.  The  purple-leaved  elm  is 
very  beautiful  in  early  spring,  just  as  its  leaves  come 


STAMINATE  FLOWERS  OF  THE  ASH-LEAVED  MAPLE  (Negundo  aceroidcs) 

Map  15.     No.  9. 


335 

out — a  tender  crimson-purple.  The  leaves  are  like 
those  of  the  English  elm,  but  longer,  and  with  finer 
serrations.  The  flowers  are  equally  beautiful — little 
clover-like  bunches  set  along  the  branches,  rose-purple 
filaments  and  dark,  blue-purple  anthers. 

This  interesting  tree,  is,  as  has  been  said,  easily 
found  by  following  the  Walk  westerly  from  the  One 
Hundred  and  Sixth  Street  Gate.  Perhaps  it  will  be 
of  interest  to  note,  in  approaching  it,  the  ash -leaved 
maple  or  box  elder  which  is  on  the  right  of  the  Walk, 
just  beyond  the  lamp  which  guards  to  the  second  Walk 
leading  into  the  Green  Houses.  This  is  a  beautiful 
tree  in  spring,  when  it  is  hung  as  with  lace,  by  its 
fine,  graceful,  drooping  flowers.  They  are  lace  itself 
and  the  whole  tree  is  a  miracle  of  grace  and  beauty. 
You  can  tell  the  tree  easily  by  its  leaves  which  are  com- 
pound and  are  made  up  of  three  to  five  oval  or  ovate 
leaflets.  These  leaves  somewhat  resemble  the  look  of 
the  leaves  of  the  white-ash,  whence  its  name.  But  the 
resemblance  is  indeed  very  slight. 

As  you  go  westerly,  you  pass  two  pretty  silverbell 
trees,  then  hornbeam,  then  striped  maple,  white  mul- 
berry and  then  you  come  to  the  purple-leaved  English 
elm.  These  are  all  on  the  left  of  the  Walk. 

The  silverbell  has  a  very  distinctive  bark  which  is 
one  of  its  winter  features.  Whenever  you  come  upon 
it  at  that  season  of  the  year,  when  it  stands  out  full 
and  clear  in  the  bright  sunshine,  stripped  of  its  foli- 
age, its  bark  will  surely  appeal  to  you.  Fine  thread- 
like lines,  really  fissures,  crinkle  through  its  dark 
brown  and  show  faint  tinges  of  reddish  brown  in  these 


336 

fissures.  On  older  trees  this  streaming  is  very  pro- 
nounced, and,  as  you  get  used  to  the  winter  trees  and 
learn  their  features,  this  marking  of  the  halesia  or 
silverbell  will  be  one  of  its  easy  means  of  identification. 
In  summer  the  tree's  foliage  rather  hides  this,  but,  if 
you  look  for  it,  you  will  see  it  present  there,  unfail- 
ingly. While  you  are  here  note  also  the  silver  streak- 
ing or  veins  that  mark  the  bark  of  the  hornbeam. 


Explanations,  Map  No.  16 


COMMON  NAME 

1.  American    Hornbeam, 

Blue  Beech,   Water 
Beech. 

2 .  Althaea  or  Rose  of  Sharon . 

3.  Reeve's  Spiraea. 

4.  Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 

Forsythia. 

5.  Ailanthus     or     Tree     of 

Heaven. 

6.  Red  Mulberry. 

7.  Washington  Thorn. 

8.  White  Oak. 

9.  Norway  Maple. 

10.  Staghorn  Sumac. 

11.  Fringe  Tree. 

12.  Fly  Honeysuckle. 

13.  Sycamore  Maple 

14.  Garden  Red  Cherry,  Mo- 

rello  Cherry. 

15.  Red  Maple. 

16.  Hackberry,     Sugarberry, 

Nettle  Tree. 

17.  Black  Haw. 

1 8.  American  or  White  Elm. 

19.  Weeping  European  Silver 

Linden 

20.  Small-leaved  Elm. 

21.  Mock   Orange   or   Sweet 

Syringa. 

22.  Fly  Honeysuckle. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 
Carpinus  Caroliniana. 


Hibiscus  Syriacus. 
Spir&a  Reevesiana. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 

Ailanthus  glandulosus. 

Morus  rubra. 
Crat&gus  cor  data. 
Quercus  alba. 
Acer  platanoides. 
Rhus  typhina. 
Chionanthus  Virginica. 
Lonicera  xylosteum. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus. 
Prunus  cerasus. 

Acer  rubrum. 
Celtis  Occidentalis. 

Viburnum  prunifolium. 

Fraxinus  Americana. 

Tilia  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba)  pendula. 
Ulmus  parvijolia. 
Philadelphus  coronarius. 

Lonicera  xylosteum. 


342 


COMMON  NAME 

23.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

24.  Panicled  Dogwood. 

2  5 .  Wild  Yellow  or  Red  Plum. 

26.  Fragrant  Honeysuckle. 

27.  Mockernut  or  Whiteheart 

Hickory. 

28.  European  Beech. 

29.  Pin  Oak. 

30.  Weeping  Golden  Bell  or 

Forsythia. 

31.  Panicled   Hydrangea 

(Large-flowered) . 

32.  European  Flowering  Ash. 

33.  Cockspur  Thorn. 

34.  Indian  Currant,  Coral 

Berry 

35.  Sycamore  Maple. 

36.  Copper  Beech. 

37.  Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted. 

38.  English  Oak. 

39.  Sugar  Maple. 

40.  Small-fruited   variety   of 

the  Pignut  Hickory. 

41.  Common    Sweet    Pepper 

Bush. 

42.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

43.  Black  Cherry. 

44.  Norway  Spruce. 

45.  Shagbark    or     Shellbark 

Hickory. 

46.  Tulip  Tree. 

47.  American  White  Ash. 

48.  American  Chestnut. 

49.  Butternut. 

50    Pignut  Hickory. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Cornus  paniculata. 
Prunus  Americana. 
Lonicera  fragrantissima. 
Carya  tomentosa. 

Fagus  sylvatica. 
Quercus  palustris. 
Forsythia  suspensa. 

Hydrangea    paniculata,     var. 

grandiflora. 
Fraxinus  ornus. 
Crat&gus  crus-galli. 
Symphoricarpos  vulgaris. 

Acer  pseudoplatanus. 

Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  cuprea. 

Liquidambar  styraciftua. 

Quercus  robur. 

Acer  saccharinum. 

Carya    porcina,    var.    micro 

carpa. 
Clethra  alnifolia. 

Quercus  bicolor. 
Prunus  serotina. 
Picea  excelsa. 
Carya  alba. 

Liriodendron  tulipifera. 
Fraxinus  Americana. 
Castanea  saliva,  var.  Ameri- 
cana. 

Juglans  cinerea. 
Carya  porcina. 


343 


COMMON  NAME 

51.  Sassafras. 

52.  Japan   Arbor  Vitae    (Va- 

riety squarrosa) . 

53.  Rhododendron        (Rosy- 

lilac  colored    flowers). 

54.  Tree  Box  or  Boxwood. 

55.  Oriental  Spruce. 

56.  Plume-leafed      Japan, 

Arbor  Vitse. 

57.  European  White  Birch. 

58.  Cherry  Birch,  Sweet  Birch, 

Black  Birch. 

59.  American  Gray  or  White 

Birch. 

60.  Washington  Thorn. 

6 1.  Pignut    Hickory    (Small- 

fruited  variety) . 

62.  Hop  Hornbeam  or  Iron- 

wood. 

63.  Giant  Arbor  Vitae. 

64.  Pignut  Hickory. 

65.  Ninebark  (Golden-leaved). 

66.  Thunberg's  Barberry. 

67.  European  Silver  Linden. 

68.  Black  Cherry. 

69.  Bald  Cypress. 

70.  White  Willow. 

71.  Hop  Hornbeam  or  Iron- 

wood. 

72.  Common  Locust. 

73.  Shadbush,    June    Berry, 

Service  Berry. 

74.  Ninebark. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Sassafras  offlcinale. 
Chamczcyparis     (or    Retinos- 
pora)   pisifera,   var. 


Rhododendron,  var.  Everestia- 

num. 

Buxus  sempervirens. 
Picea  Orientalis. 
Chamcecyparis      (or    Retinos- 

pora)  pisifera,  var.  plumosa. 
Betula  alba. 
Betula  lenta. 

Betula  popidifolia. 

Cratcegus  cordata. 

Gary  a    porcina,    var.    tnicro- 

carpa. 
Ostrya  Virginica. 

Thuya  gigantea. 

Carya  porcina. 

Physocarpus  (or  Spiraea)  opu- 

lifolia,  var.  aurea. 
Berberis  Thunbergii. 
Tilia  Europ&a,  var.  argentea 

(or  alba). 
Prunus  serotina. 
Taxodium  distichum. 
Salix  alba. 
Ostrya  Virginica. 

Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis. 

Physocarpus  (or  Spir&d)  opu- 
lifolia. 


344 


COMMON  NAME 

75.  Choke  Cherry.  . 

76.  Rhodotypos. 

77.  Umbel-flowered  Oleaster. 

78.  English  Hawthorn. 

79.  English  Oak. 
So.  American  Beech. 

8 r.  Large-flowered  Mock  Or- 
ange or  Syringa. 


BOTANICAL  NAME 

Prunus  Virginiana. 
Rhodotypos  kerrioides. 
Elceagnus  umbellata. 
Crat&gus  oxyacantha. 
Quercus  robur. 
Fagus  ferruginea. 
Philadelphus  grandiflorus. 


XVI. 
THE  CONCOURSE  AND  VICINITY 

This  Section  embraces  the  larger  portion  of  the  most 
beautifully  wooded  portion  of  the  Park.  The  formation 
is  natural  and  the  paths  wind  through  these  sylvan 
glades  with  all  the  delightful  mystery  and  charm  of  the 
country  woods.  They  climb  over  rocks  in  delightful 
abandon  and  loiter  by  sleeping  waters  that  mirror  the 
living  green  of  the  trees  and  the  blue  of  the  sky.  Over- 

!head  the  swaying  canopies  of  leaves  whisper  to  every 
breeze.  Here  you  can  feel  far  away  from  the  city. 

About  the  Concourse  itself,  the  high  ground  gives 
broad  and  open  vistas  at  every  step.  The  view  here,  out 
over  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  Park,  is  impressive, 
with  the  broad  sweeps  of  lawn,  the  rolling  masses  of 
trees  and  the  roofs  of  the  city  fading  away  in  the  far- 
ther distance.  In  this  area  there  are  not  many  things 
which  you  have  not  come  upon  in  other  parts  of  the 
I  Park.  But  some  there  are,  and  regarding  such,  let  us 
now  consider  them  in  detail : — 

Carya  porcina,  var.  microcarpa.  (Small-fruited  va- 
riety of  the  Pignut  Hickory.  No.  40.)  Follow  the  path 
that  runs  along  the  southerly  side  of  "The  Concourse" 
to  the  place  where  it  branches  off  northeasterly  to  split 
again,  after  a  short  run,  into  another  fork,  one  branch 
continuing  on  to  meet  and  cross  the  Drive,  the  other  to 
run  under  an  Arbor  and  cross  the  same  Drive  some  dis- 


346 

tance  to  the  southerly.  Just  as  this  last  branch  forks, 
the  one  to  the  right  (easterly)  as  you  go  northeasterly, 
you  will  find  this  hickory.  It  is  a  medium  sized  tree  and 
stands  just  beyond  a  sugar  maple.  You  can  pick  it  out 
at  once  by  its  compound  leaves  made  up  of  five  and 
seven  leaflets.  The  leaflets  are  long  pointed,  finely  ser- 
rated and  rather  lance  oblong  in  form.  They  are  quite 
smooth  and  rather  glandular  beneath.  This  tree,  on 
account  of  its  bark,  which  is  often  shaggy,  has  been 
called  the  false  shagbark.  But  its  winter  buds  are  very 
different  from  the  shagbark's,  being  small  and  ovate, 
while  those  of  the  shagbark  are  fairly  large,  with 
strong,  blackish  outer  scales,  very  pubescent  on  both 
the  entire  bud  and  the  end  twigs.  The  fruit  of  the 
microcarpa  usually  splits  only  about  half  way  down  the 
husk.  As  I  have  said  before,  the  winter  buds  have  a 
story  of  their  own,  in  the  identification  of  the  trees. 
Learn  to  read  their  story.  Especially  interesting  is  it 
in  the  oaks  and  hickories.  The  bud  of  the  shagbark 
has  distinct,  almost  blackish,  outer  scales,  which  run 
out  into  what  appear  to  be  small  snail-like  horns  as  you 
see  them  against  the  winter's  sky.  The  pignut  proper 
has  egg-shaped  buds,  rather  pointed,  of  a  smooth  red- 
dish brown,  not  having  the  conspicuous  outer  black 
scales  of  the  shagbark.  The  buds  of  the  micro  car  pa  are 
small  and  roundish.  So  you  can  distinguish  these  hick- 
ories by  the  buds  alone.  The  shaggy,  ragged  bark  of 
the  shagbark  is  of  itself  quite  enough  to  identify  this 
tree,  when  noted,  but  between  the  pignut  and  the  micro- 
carpa  it  is  sometimes  confusing  to  discriminate.  If  it  is 
winter,  look  at  the  buds ;  if  summer,  the  leaves.  The 


347 

microcarpa  generally  has  five  leaflets,  but  sometimes  has 
five  and  seven.  You  will  find  a  good  pignut,  in  this 
area,  near  the  old  Block  House.  You  will  find  it  easily 
by  referring  to  the  map.  The  leaf -stem  of  the  pignut 
(porcina)  is  generally  smooth — a  distinguishing  feature 
of  the  tree. 

Juglans  cinerea.  (Butternut.  White  Walnut.  No. 
49.)  Enter  the  Park  at  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Street 
and  Central  Park  West  and,  after  going  down  the  series 
of  steps,  take  the  left-hand  fork  of  the  Walk  and  go 
east.  This  Walk  runs  almost  parallel  with  One  Hun- 
dred and  Tenth  Street.  Follow  the  Walk  until  you 
come  to  a  large  rock  mass  which  is  close  to  the  left  of 
the  Walk.  Just  before  you  come  to  this  rock  mass,  you 
will  pass  two  hackberries,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk.  The 
hackberries  are  easily  recognized  by  the  warty  ridges 
and  knobs  on  the  lower  parts  of  their  trunks.  Directly 
back  (north)  of  these  two  hackberries,  close  by  the 
rock,  stands  the  butternut.  It  was  once  a  much  better 
tree  than  it  is  now.  You  can  identify  it  by  its  compound 
leaves  made  up  of  from  eleven  to  seventeen,  round- 
based,  oblong-lanceolate  leaflets,  set  in  pairs  (or  nearly 
so),  along  the  sticky,  gummy  leaf-stalks.  The  leaflets 
are  serrate,  downy  on  the  undersides,  and  have  an  oily 
feeling  to  the  touch.  In  their  very  sticky  and  gummy 
leaf-stalks  and  oily  leaflets,  they  differ  from  the  leaves 
of  the  black  walnut.  Notice,  too,  the  light  gray  fur- 
rowed bark  that  makes  you  think  of  the  trunk  of  a 
chestnut,  so  different  from  the  heavy  looking,  dark 
bark  of  the  black  walnut.  The  fruit  is  of  a  truth  a  but- 
ternut, with  a  husk,  oily  and  sticky  in  the  extreme, 


348 

oblong  in  shape,  and  very  decidedly  pointed.  The  nut 
itself  is  thick  shelled,  with  irregular,  ragged  ridges. 
Opposite  the  butternut,  on  the  right  of  the  Walk,  is  a 
bald  cypress  with  fine  feather-like  leaf  sprays,  and  if 
you  continue  easterly  on  this  Walk,  you  will  find  two 
more  just  before  you  come  to  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk, 
on  your  right.  A  fine  old  black  cherry,  with  rough  bark 
and  glossy,  lance-oblong  leaves,  stands  just  beyond,  on 
the  left  of  the  Walk,  facing  the  little  right-hand  offshoot 
of  the  path.  Continuing,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  not 
far  from  the  Seventh  Avenue  and  One  Hundred  and 
Tenth  Street  Gate,  is  sycamore  maple,  with  large,  thick, 
five-lobed  leaves,  on  long  reddish  leaf  stems  (petioles). 
Moms  rubra.  (Red  Mulberry.  No.  6.)  If  you  enter 
the  Park  at  the  West  One  Hundred  and  Third  Street 
Gate,  and  proceed  easterly  up  some  steps  to  the  second 
fork  of  the  Walk,  in  the  V  of  the  fork,  almost  in  the 
point  of  the  V,  you  will  find  a  fair  sample  of  this  tree. 
You  see  that  its  leaves  are  rough  and  dull  green  on  the 
uppersides — very  different  from  the  smooth  and  shining 
green  leaves  of  the  white  mulberry.  This  is  one  pretty 
good  way  to  note  the  differences  between  these  two 
mulberries ;  the  red  has  very  rough,  thick  leaves  which 
are  not  shining;  the  white  has  thin,  smooth  (upper- 
sides)  shining,  light  green  leaves.  While  you  are  here 
let  me  call  your  attention  to  the  mass  of  Rose  of  Sharon, 
at  the  right  of  the  first  set  of  steps.  In  between  the 
Rose  of  Sharon  and  the  steps  is  Reeve's  Spiraea,  easily 
distinguished  by  its  low  form,  fine  branches,  and  lance- 
olate leaves.  Handsome  sweeping  masses  of  Forsythia 
suspensa  make  a  beautiful  bank  effect,  just  to  the  right 


349 

of  the  first  steps,  above  the  spiraea.  Some  of  the  leaves 
of  the  suspensa  are  distinctly  tri-foliate — three  together, 
one  large  and  two  tiny  little  ones,  at  its  base.  A  hand- 
some ailanthus  stands  by  the  second  flight  of  steps.  In 
the  fork  by  the  mulberry,  you  will  find  some  interesting 
things.  Just  beyond  the  mulberry  is  a  Washington 
thorn,  known  by  its  thorns  and  cordate  leaves.  If  you 
take  the  right-hand  branch  of  the  fork  here  and  follow 
it  around  to  a  rock  mass  beyond,  about  midway  between 
fork  and  lamp,  on  the  left  of  the  Walk,  is  a  good  speci- 
men of  garden  cherry,  with  reddish-brown,  birch-like 
bark. 

Primus  Americana.  (Wild  Yellow  or  Red  Plum. 
No.  25.)  You  can  find  this  tree  easily  if  you  keep  on 
the  path  you  followed  to  see  the  red  mulberry,  entering 
from  West  One  Hundred  and  Third  Street.  Follow 
the  branch  path  around  by  the  rock  mass,  out  upon  the 
Concourse  Walk,  turn  off  at  the  next  fork  of  the  Walk, 
and  go  southerly.  The  tree  stands  by  the  left  of  the 
Walk  as  you  bend  around  to  the  west.  It  stands  oppo- 
site a  black  haw  and  a  hackberry,  on  the  south  of  the 
Walk  (your  left  now).  The  hackberry  has  oblique 
leaves  and  warty  ridges  on  its  trunk.  The  black  haw's 
leaves  have  wings  or  flanges  along  their  leaf-stems. 
The  wild  plum  is  across  the  Walk,  about  midway  be- 
tween these  two  trees.  It  is  a  low  tree,  and  you  can  pick 
it  out  easily  by  its  thorns,  for  it  has  plenty  of  them.  Its 
general  form  is  round-headed,  and  the  head  is  massed 
thick  with  crooked  and  crowded  branches.  The  older 
branches  are  very  thorny.  In  April  or  May  the  little 
tree  puts  out  its  flowers,  very  pretty  and  tender  to  look 


350 

upon,  in  close  crowded  clusters,  sessile  umbels,  near  the 
ends  of  last  season's  shoots,  before  the  leaves  appear. 
They  are  very  plum-like,  five-petaled,  and  white.  The 
fruit  follows  in  late  summer,  still  green  in  August, 
nearly  round,  or  rather  roundish  egg-shape,  a  little 
flattened.  When  ripe  it  becomes  a  reddish-orange  color. 
The  stone  is  very  much  flattened,  and  has  an  almost 
razor-like  border.  The  leaves  of  the  tree  are  pubes- 
cent when  young,  but  finally  become  smooth.  They  are 
quite  long-pointed  and  have  rounded  bases.  In  general 
form  they  are  ovate.  Their  margins  are  doubly  and 
coarsely  serrate. 

Salix  alba.  (White  Willow.  No.  70.)  Take  the 
right-hand  Walk  at  the  Gate,  One  Hundred  and  Tenth 
Street  and  Central  Park  West,  and  go  down  the  series 
of  steps  there ;  bend  to  your  left,  toward  the  Arch  that 
runs  under  the  Drive.  In  between  the  steps  and  the 
wall  that  carries  the  Arch  and  the  Drive,  you  will  see 
two  willow  trees.  These  are  pretty  fair  examples  of  the 
white  willow.  They  have  lanceolate  leaves,  narrow  and 
pointed,  finely  serrate  and  are  covered  with  white,  silky 
hairs.  These  hairs  are  very  dense  on  the  undersides 
of  the  leaves  and  give  them  the  white  appearance  that 
has  given  the  tree  its  name — white  (alba)  willow.  In 
other  parts  of  the  Park  you  have  met  the  golden  willow. 
It  is  almost  the  same  as  the  white  willow,  except  that  its 
branches  and  end  shoots  turn  in  winter  to  a  beautiful 
brassy  yellow.  This  is  the  variety  vitellina,  of  the  white 
willow.  Opposite  the  white  willows  here,  on  the  right 
of  the  Walk,  almost  directly  opposite  the  last  pair  of 
steps,  are  two  hop-hornbeams,  with  shaggy  bark. 


Thuya  gigantea.  (Giant  Arbor  Vita.  No.  63.) 
Take  the  path  that  leads  off  to  southwest  from  the 
old  Block  House,  crowning  the  magnificent  battlements 
of  rock  due  south  from  the  Gate  at  Seventh  Avenue  and 
One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Street,  past  a  good-sized  shag- 
bark  hickory  (bark  very  shaggy  on  the  tree  and  note 
the  buds)  and  a  hop-hornbeam  just  beyond  it,  until  you 
come  to  a  junction  of  Walk  a  short  distance,  twenty-five 
or  thirty  feet,  to  the  southwest.  In  the  westerly  corner 
of  this  junction  you  will  find  the  giant  arbor  vitae.  It 
differs  from  our  common  native  arbor  vitae  (Thuya 
Occidentalis)  in  having  its  scale-like  leaves  larger  and 
more  pointed. 

While  you  are  here,  swing  around  to  your  left  (east) 
and  have  a  look  at  the  fine  old  pignut  hickory  a  little 
off  to  the  south  of  the  Walk.  Note  its  smooth  leaf- 
stems.  A  sturdy  little  black  haw  stands  just  a  little  to 
the  southeast  of  the  pignut.  The  black  haw  has  round- 
ish, plum-like  leaves  with  fine  wing-like  flanges  (dull 
crimson  or  faintly  reddish)  along  the  edges  of  the  leaf- 
stems. 


352 


INDEX  OF  COMMON  NAMES. 


[Numerals  in  brackets  indicate  text  pages  on  which  the  trees 
or  shrubs  are  either  mentioned  or  described.  Numerals  in 
full  face  type  refer  to  the  explanation  tables  and  numerals 
following  the  full  face  type ,  refer  to  the  tree  or  shrub  number 
on  each  table.] 


Abele  Tree  [75],  2,  36 ;  14,  67  ; 

15,  104. 

Acacia,  Rose  [30],  i,  46 ;  4,  49. 
Acanthopanax  [44],  i,  87;  9, 

2. 
Adam's   Needle   [23],   6,   51; 

10,  78. 

Ailanthus  or  Tree  of  Heaven 
[32],  i,  42;  2,  90;  5,  107; 
7,  25;  9,  49;  10,  77;  13, 
39;  14,  70;  16,  5. 
Alder,    Black,    or    Common 
Winterberry  [65],  2,  34; 
3,  67:4,  66. 
European  [228],    i,   67;  5, 

94;  6,  35;  8,  14. 
Green  [159],  5,  100. 
Heart-leaved  [31],  i,  50. 
Mountain  [159],  5,  100. 
Smooth  [322],  15,  87. 
Tree.       See    Alder,    Euro- 
pean. 
Allspice,  Carolina  [51],  i,  120; 

6,  69. 

Althaea  [17 1],  2,  5953,  65;  6, 

16;  8,  36;  16,  2. 
Andromeda,  Catesby's  [191], 

7,  28,  100;  10,  69;  14,  25. 
Angelica  Tree  [288],  8,  33  ;  13, 

42. 

Apple,  Crab,   Double-flower- 
ing [158],  5,  99- 

Crab,         Double-flowering 
Chinese  [85],  2,  53. 

Crab,  Siberian,  2,  17. 


Crab,   Soulard's  [305],    14, 

63. 

Arbor  Vitae,  American  [170], 
4,  26;  6,  i ;  7,  71;  12,  50; 
14,  80. 

Eastern  [260],  10,  47. 

Giant  [351],  10,  24;  16,  63. 

Japan,  Golden  Plume- 
leaved  [23],  8,83;  10,  13; 
I2>  44; 

Japan,    Pea-fruiting   [178], 

6,  49. 

Japan,  Plume-leaved  [23], 
i,  30;  4,  27;  5,  61;  6,  13, 
70;  7,  38;  10,  n,  41;  12, 
ii ;  15,  91;  16,  56. 

Japan,  Obtuse-leaved  [302], 

T  I4»  49;T 

J  apan,    Variety    squarrosa 
[261],  10,  56;  15,  28;  16, 
52. 
Arrowwood  [15],  i,  15;  5,  39; 

7,  44;  9,  13;  13,  48;  15, 
86. 

Maple-leaved  [214],  7,  107. 
Ash,  American  White  [79],  2, 

46;  3,  62;  4,  23;  5,  63, 

66;   7,  62;  9,  51;  10,  37; 

12,48;  15,  79;  16,47. 
Bosc's  Red  [48],  i,  98. 
European  [114],  3,  64;  12, 

58. 
European   Flowering   [10], 

i,  2;  16,  32. 


353 


European,  Weeping  [114], 

3,  69. 

Hybrid  [69],  2,  101. 
Ashberry.     See         Barberry, 

Holly-leaved. 

Aucuba,  Japan  [171],  6,  18. 
Azalea,  Caucasian  [171],  6,  4. 
Clammy  [192],  7,  45. 
Flaming  [177],  6,  76. 
Japan  [324],  15,  48. 
Lovely  [177],  6,  75;  7,  28, 

89 ;  10,  66,  98 ;  14,  22 ;  15, 

40. 

Pink  [170],  6,  3;  7,  106. 
White  [192],  7,  45. 
Bamboo,  Japan  [155],  5,  25. 
Barberry,  Common  [132],  4, 

56;"n,  7. 
Holly-leaved  [176],  6,  59; 

10,  43;  12,  43;  14,  13. 
Japan.  See    Barberry, 

Thunberg's. 
Oregon.          See   Barberry, 

Holly-leaved. 
Siebold's  [175],  6,  64. 
Thunberg's  [21],  2,  20;  5, 

17:6,  25,  63:8,69;  9,  6; 

10,  30;  12,  8;  15,  68;  10, 

66. 
Basswood  [135],  2,  76:3,  55; 

4,68:5,  io;9,27;i3,  14; 

15,  20. 
Bay,  Rose  [207],  6,  78. 

Sweet  [172],  5,  83,  88;  6, 

27;  7,  S3.  81;  8,  55;  15, 

22. 

Bayberry  [259],  4,  79;  10,  39. 
Beam  Tree,  White  [138],  4, 

44- 
Bee  Tree.     See  Basswood. 

Beech,  American  [112],  3,  39; 
5,  69;  6,  10;  7,  6;  9,  35; 
14,42;  15,3;  16,  80. 
Blue.  See    Hornbeam, 

American. 


European  [289],   i,  69;  2, 

4°,  4453,  36;  4,  7°;5»43» 

104,  11358,  i3;g,  21;  13, 

21,  26;  14,  81;  15,  76;  16, 

28. 
European  Copper  [61],  2,  4, 

83;  13,  ii  ;  1  6,  36. 
European,  Cut-leaved[i53], 

5,  31,  119;  6,  52;  8,  38, 

67. 
European   Purple   [30],    i, 

48;  2,  95;  3,  56;  10,  88. 
European    Weeping   [112], 

3,  42;  7,  76. 
Fern-leaved  [22],  i,  29. 
Water.  _      See   Hornbeam, 

American. 
Bilsted  [47],  i,  106;  2,  39;  3, 

16;  7,  7;  J3,  15;  i6»  37- 
Bindweed,  Japan  Hedge  [24], 

i,  13;  8,  57. 
Birch,    American    White    or 

Gray  [64],  i,  119;  9,  24, 

36;  10,  55;  12,  18;  13,  7, 

29;  14,  66;  16,  59. 
Black  (nigra)  [25],  i,  32. 
Black  (lento)  [193],  3,  66;  7, 

92;9,  55;  13,  53;  15,  92; 

16,  58. 

Canoe  [64],  7,  74;  10,  75- 
Cherry,    Sweet,    or    Black 

lenta  [193],  3,  66  ;7i92;  9i 

55;  13,  53;i5,  92;  16,58. 
European    White    [64],    i, 

68;  2,  7;  5,  6;  7,  103;  8, 

24,  35,  68,  85;  10,  20,  54; 

12,  47,  51;  15,  16,  42;  16, 

European      White,      Cut- 
leaved  Weeping  [116],  3, 


73;  10,  31;  12,  5. 
European  White,  Weeping, 
„  5,  27;  15,  99. 
European   White,    Purple- 

leaved  [154],  5,  8. 
Paper  [64],  7,  74;  10,75. 


354 


Red  or  River  [2 5],  1,32;  12, 
29;  13,  4- 

River.     See   Birch,    Black 
(nigra) . 

Sweet.     See  Birch,  Cherry, 

Yellow  [no],  3,  84. 
Bitternut  [194],  7,  108. 
Blackberry  14,  32. 

Cut-leaved  [133],  4,  63. 

European  [47]. 
Bladder  Nut,  American  [36] 

I,    122. 

European  [119],  5,  18. 
Japan  [131],  4,  94. 
Bladder  Senna  [136],  4,    16; 

7,  8558,  95. 

Blueberry,  Common  Swamp. 

See  Blueberry,  High-bush. 

High-bush  [213],  7,  41;  8, 

23;  10,  18,  68;  12,  49;  14, 

21. 

Bocconia  [323],  15,  50. 

Box  Elder  [336],  i,  44;  15,  9, 

57- 
Boxwood  [52],  i,  113;  6,  55; 

10,38;  12,  14,  53;  14,  18; 

16,  54. 
Buckeye,  Red  [40],  i,  84. 

Yellow  or  Sweet  [3  9] ,  i ,  8 1 . 
Buckthorn,  Common  [85],  i, 

41;  2,  58;  87;  5,  41;  15, 

41. 

Sea  [275],  12,  31. 
Butternut  [347],  5,   116;  13, 

55;  16,  49. 

Buttonball[87],  4,  5;5,54;9, 

25;  10,  72. 
Buttonbush  [231],   6,   44;  8, 

42;  10,  115. 
Buttonwood  [87],  4,  5 ;  5,  54; 

9,  25;  10,  72. 
Catalpa,  Bunge's  [231],  8,  43 ; 

9,  9- 
Dwarf  or  Japan  [231],   8, 

43;  9,  9- 


Hardy  or  Western  [36],  i, 

72. 
Southern  [22],  i,  66;  2,  26; 

3,  79;  4,  21 ;  5,  38;  6,  31; 

7,  58:8,  5019,41;  12,  55; 

13,  27;  14,  57:  15,  44- 
Cedar,  African  [173],  5,  85 ;  6, 

3°- 
Deodar  or  Indian  [325],  15, 

Japan  [196],  7,  24;  10,  45; 

J4,  45- 
Lebanon  [261],  10,  64;  15, 

67. 
Mount  Atlas  [173],  5,  85  ;  6, 

3°- 
Red  [137],  4,  74;  5,  112;  9, 

32;  10,  51;  15,  80. 
Silver  [173],  5,  85;  6,  30. 
Celandine,  Tree  [323],  15,  50. 
Cephalotaxus  [35],  i,   71;  6, 

56;  7,  43;  10,  19,  48. 
Cherry,  Bird  [203],  7,  26. 
Bird,    European    [290],    5, 

97;  7,  35;  10,  73;  J3,  31- 

Black  [138],  i,  12  ;  2,  47,  63  ; 
4,34;5,  i2;68;6,  11,42; 

7,  5>  91;  8,  40;  9,  38;  I0» 
49;  12,  52;  13,  22;  14,  54; 

15,  72;  16,  43,  68. 
Choke  2,  28;  16,  75. 
Cornelian   [50],    i,    no;   5, 

S3!  J3,  13;  M,  29- 
European  [77],  2,  45  ;  4,  73  ; 

8,  94. 

Garden  Red  [349]*  5,  29 ;  9, 

56;  16,  14. 
Mahaleb  [77],  2,  45;  4,  73; 

8,  94. 

Mazzard  [203],  7,  26. 
Morello  [349].  5,  29;  9,  56; 

16,  14. 

Chestnut,  American  [242],  i, 
102;  3,  35;  4,  36;  7,  36; 

14,  38;  15,  81;  16,  48. 
Spanish  [242],  i,  127  ;  9,  62. 


355 


Chokeberry,   Black   [131],   4, 

96. 

Common  [131],  4,  95- 
Cinquefoil,  Shrubby  [264],  10, 

103. 
Coffee  Tree,  Kentucky  [69],  2, 

22;  3,  8357,  59;9,  48;n, 

2;  12,  16;  15,  23,  100. 
Coral  Berry  [212],  4,  29,  55; 

10,  10;  12,  41;  16,  34. 
Cork  Tree,  Chinese  [329],  2, 

35;  s,  35;  I2»  i;  *5,  ii. 

Corylopsis  [195],  7,  67  ;  15,  33- 
Cotoneaster  [117],  3,  101. 
Cottonwood  [17],  i,  17;  2,  18; 

4,  6555,  71.  93;  6»  36;  8i 
10;  9,  50;  14,  58;  15,  6. 

Cranberry,   Dwarf  [264],    10, 

101. 
High-bush  [212],  6,  68;  10, 

IO2. 

Cucumber  Tree  [199],  5,  86 ;  6, 

33;  7,  61. 
Cup  Plant  [67],  2,  29;  4,  32; 

I0»  93- 

Currant,    Buffalo  or  Golden 

[208],  7,  9658,  47. 
Indian,     or     Coral     Berry 
[212],  4,  29,  55;  10,  10 ; 
12,  41;  16,  34. 
Missouri  [208],  7,  96;  8,  47. 
Cypress,  Bald  [12],  i,  7  ;  3,  37  ; 

5,  59:8,  21 ;  9,  57510,46; 
14,  59;  15,88;  16,69. 

Deutzia,   Bush  or  Fortune  s 

[91],  2,  99;  5,  42;  9,  31; 

10,  28. 
Bush  or  Fortune's,  Variety 

Pride  of  Rochester  [91],  2, 

100;  7,  105. 

Slender  [21],  i,  28;  4,  86. 
Devil's  Walking  Stick  [288], 

8,  33;  13,  42. 
Dockmackie  [214],  7,  107. 
Dogwood,     Alternate-leaved 

[135].  3,  9114,  77;  6,  47; 
10,  113. 


Flowering  [106],  3,  48;  7, 
37,  88;  8,  15,  26;  9,  29; 
14,  46;  15,  84. 

Panicled  [46],  i,  99;  5,  in ; 
10,  35.  36;  16,  24. 

Red-stemmed  [134],  3,  88; 

4,  84;  5,  36;  9,  47. 

Red  Osier  [43],  i,  4;  3,  72; 

5,  105:7,  47  58,54,84;  9, 
28;  12,9;  14,  17:15,  101. 

Silky.  See  Dogwood, Swamp. 
Swamp  or  Silky  [243],   4, 

67;  9,  23;  10,  86. 

White-fruited    [134],    3, 

88:4,84:5,  36;9,  47- 
Elder,  Common  [139],  4,  90; 

8,  46;  14,  62. 
European  [290],  13,  18. 
Mountain    or    Red-berried 

[39],  i,  123. 
Elm,  American  or  White  [12], 

i,  i;  2,  12;  3,  68;  4,  18, 

30,  38,  54:5,  14,  48,  108; 

9,5:10,  16,58:13,9:14, 

8;  16,  18. 
American  Cork  [309],    14, 

12. 

Camperdown  [115],  3,  61. 
English  [82],  i,  55;  2,  2;  3, 

3,  3i;  4,  4355,  47,  7319, 

^  2°;  i1, 9;  14, 4;  15, 78. 

English  Cork-bark  4,  3 ;  5, 

102;  9,  6 1. 
English,    Long-stemmed 

[i5.7].  5,  32. 
English,     Purple-leaved 

[334],  15,  14- 
English,    Smooth-leaved 

[39],  i,  76;  n,  10. 
Field.     See  Elm,  English. 
Red  [212],  7,  98. 
Rock  [309],  14,  12. 
Scotch  or  Wych  [66],  i,  35, 

78;  2,  13:3,46:4,  17:5, 

56,  65,  75;  8,  91;  9,  46; 

10,  108;  11,6;  14,39- 


356 


Siberian  [in],  3,  54 ;  16,  20. 
Slippery  [212],  7,  98;  8,  76. 
Small-leaved  or  Siberian 

[in],  3,  54;  16,  20. 
Wych.      See  Elm,  Scotch. 
Fir,Cephalonian  Silver,  i  o,  70. 
Nordmann's  Silver  [155],  3, 

22;  5,  13,  81;  10,  6;  12, 

34;  15,  3°- 
Fontanesia  [265],   I,    107;  4, 

48;  10,  9;  14,  74- 
Forsythia  [15],  i,  18. 

Weeping  [41],  1,62;  2,  89; 

4,  13;  10,  61;  14,  35115, 

61;  16,  4,  30. 
Fringe  Tree  [51],  i,  116;  3,  6, 

94;  5,  98;  8,  20,  48;  16, 

n. 
Ginkgo   Tree   or  Maidenhair 

Tree  [119],  3,  75!  5,  64; 

12,  33;  15,  105. 

Globe  Flower,  Japan  Rose  or 
Kerria.  See  Kerria. 

Golden  Bell  or  Forsythia.  See 
Forsythia. 

Golden  Bell,  Weeping.  See 
Forsythia,  Weeping. 

Groundsel  Tree  [226],  8,  9. 

Guelder  Rose  [176],  4,  51;  5, 
51:6,67;  10,  99. 

Hackberry,  Sugarberry,  or 
Nettle  Tree  [105],  3,  2  ;  4, 
85;7,56;8,8,  75;  10,  2; 

13,  12;  14,  71;  15,  19;  16, 
16. 

Haw,  Black  [32],  i,  n;  2,  84; 
4,  3755,  40;  9,  18510,  22; 
12,  2;  13,  47;  15,  52;  16, 

Hawthorn,    Dotted-fruited 

[45.L  i,93;  12,  27- 
English  [29],  i,  40,  91;  2, 
65;  3,  10;  7,  32;8,  5;  ii, 
5;  13,  50;  14,  52,  76,  79; 
16,  78. 

English  (Pink  Single  Flow- 
ers) [175],  6,  48. 


English  (Pink  Double  Flow- 
ers) [69]. 
Large-thorned  [42],   i,  63; 

8,  89;  12,  26;  15,  34. 
Hawthorn  (See  also  Thorn}. 
Hazel,  American  [141],  4,  33; 

8,  86;  14,  77. 
European  [155],  3,  9°- 
European,      Purple-leaved 
[iS4],  i,  117;  5,  9,  57;  8, 
Si;  15,  36- 
Heather,  10,  97. 
Hemlock  [137],  3,  13  ;  4,  28 ;  7, 

64;  10,  21 ;  14,  48. 
Hercules's  Club  [288],  8,  33; 

13,  42. 
Hickory,   Bitternut  [194],   7, 

108. 

Broom.     See  Hickory,  Pig- 
nut. 

Mockernut  or  White-heart 
[307],  i,  105:7,  2,  90;  13, 
20;  14,  20;  16,  27. 
Pignut  [90],  1,92,  97:2,64; 
4,40,42:7,  i;  13,  17:14, 
53;  16,  50,  64. 
Pignut,  Small-fruited  [345], 

3,  19;  16,  40,  61. 
Shagbark  [67],  i,  95;  2,  31; 
3,  17,  4417,3;  !<>,  25;  13, 
54;  14,41,  51;  15,  18;  16, 
45- 
Shellbark.        See  Hickory 

Shagbark. 

Swamp  [194],  7,  108. 
Holly,  American  [66],  2,  30 ;  7, 

40;  15,  47. 

European  [177],  6,  74. 
Japan  [177],  6,  77;  10,  no; 

15,  66. 
Honeysuckle,  European  [19], 

i,  27. 

Fly  [72],  2,  21 ;  16,  12,  22. 

Fragrant  [38],  i,  56,  77;  2, 

24;  3,  14:4,  61;  5,  89;  6, 

22;  7,  94;  10,  79;  12,  15; 

13,  44;  14,  10;  16,  23,  26. 


357 


Morrow's  [117],  3,  87. 
Standish's  [49],   i,   118;  8, 

88;  13,41- 
Tartarian  [225],  i,  126;  8, 

2;  10,  80,  94. 
Tartarian.        Variety  alba 


[263],  10,  94. 

rhi1 


White  Swamp  [192],  7,  45. 
Wild  [170],  6,  3;  7,  106. 
Hop  Tree  or  Shrubby  Trefoil 
[52],  i,  114;  2,  78;  3,  76; 

4,  4:8,  22. 
Hornbeam,  American  [73],  i, 

10,  47'»2>  IQ53,  18:4,  22; 

5,  106;  8,  74;  9,  19;  14, 
31;  15,8;  16,  i. 

European  [44],  10,  90. 
Hop  [83],  2,  51;  9,  63;  13, 

24;  15,  82;  16,  62,  71. 
Horsechestnut,  Common  [40], 

i,  64;  2,  i;3,  45;  5,  no; 

9,  45;  12,  46;  13,  3;  14, 

40;  15,  24,  69. 
Dwarf    or    Large-racemed 

[190],  7,  4. 

Red-flowering  [241],  9,  43. 
Hydrangea,    Climbing   [210], 

Garden  [176],  6,  60. 
Hardy  or  Panicled  [i  16],  i, 

58;  3,  71;  5,  22;  16,  31. 
Oak-leaved  [51],  i,  115. 
Panicled.     See  Hydrangea, 

Hardy. 

Snowy  [64],  2,  9. 
Idesia  [328],  15,  21. 
Indian  Bean  Tree.  See  Ca- 

talpa,  Southern. 
Indigo,  False  [70],  2,  25,  93. 
Ironwood  [83],  2,  51;  9,  63; 
13,  24;  15,82;  16,62,  71. 
Ivy,  Japan  [47]. 
Japan  Zebra  Grass  [171],  4, 

76;  6,  15. 

Jessamine,     Early-flowering, 
[171],  6,  6;  15,46. 


Judas  Tree  or  Redbud  [33],  i, 

T     90:3,   7:8,4. 

Japan  [171],  6,  5. 
June  Berry  [50],  i,  in -,3,  15; 
5,  5°:  7,  52;8,  25512,  32; 
14,  47;  16,  73. 
Juniper,  Chinese  [261],  8,  82; 

10,  14;  12,  30. 
Prostrate  [260],  10,  23. 
Savin  [264],  10,  100. 
Scaled  [262],  6,  58;  10,  85. 
Katsura  Tree  [326],  15,  45. 
Kentucky  Coffee  Tree  [69],  2, 
2253,  8357,  59;9,  48;  ii, 
2;  12,  16;  15,  23,  100. 
Kerria  [19],  i,  21;  7,  101;  8, 

92. 

Double-flowered  10,  15,  59. 
Kinnikinnik  [243],  4,  67;  9, 

23 ;  10,  86. 

Kcelrenteria  or  Varnish  Tree 
[17],  i,  19:5,  8256,  23;  8, 
18;  15,  98. 

Larch,  Chinese  Golden  [258], 
10,  40. 

European  [265],  7,  83;  10, 

4,  in;  14,  56;  15,  55,  71- 

European,     Weeping,     10, 

Laurel,  Great  [207],  6,  78. 

Mountain  [198],  7,  51. 
Lemon,  Japan  [44],  i,  88;  15, 

38. 
Lilac,  Chinese  [132],  4,  81;  5, 

Common,  7,  77,  109;  9,  34. 
Josika  [132],  4,  80;  9,  12. 
Pekin  [132],  4,  91. 
Persian  [175],  i,  108 ;  6,  66 ; 

7,  70;  9,  33- 
Lily,  Day  [270],  9,  59;  11,  i. 

Mound  [132],  4,  57. 
Lily  of  the  Valley  Tree  [301], 

10,  67;  14,  22;  15,  49. 
Linden,  American  [88],  2,  76; 

3,  55:4,  68;  5,  io;9,  27; 

13,  14;  15,  20. 


358 


Crimean  [308],  14,  2. 
European  [76],  2,  42 ;  3,  50 ; 

7,  84;  8,  66;   9,  u,    58; 
13,  23;  15,  106. 

European.  Broad-leaved,  9, 

60. 
European  Silver  [61]  2,  3; 

u,  12;  13,46;  15,95;  l6> 

67. 
European  Silver,  Weeping 

[J33L3,  57;  4,64;  5,  7o; 

8,  65;  13,  5,  45;  16,  19. 
Locust,  Bristly,  Rose  Acacia 

or  Moss  Locust  [3  o] ,  i ,  46  ; 

4,  97- 

Common  [117],  1,4552,  57; 
3,  12;  8,  19;  9,  44;  14, 
72515,  96;  16,  72. 

Honey  [28],  i,  39;  2,  43;  3, 
60:4,52:8,3;  10,89:11, 
4;  13,  i;  14,  69;  15,  4. 

Moss  [30],  i,  46;  4,  97. 
Magnolia,  Chinese  White  or 
Yulan[i42],  4,  72:7,  27; 

9,  40. 

Great-leaved  [174],  5,  95 ;  6, 

34;  7,  80. 

Hall's  Japan  [38],  i,  74. 
Mountain  [199],   5,   86;  6, 

335  7,  6 1. 

Purple  [171],  6,  19. 
Soulange's  [200],  6,  71;  7, 

J7- 

Swamp  [172],  5,  83,  88;  6, 
27;  7,  53,  81;  8,  55;  15, 

22. 

Maidenhair  Tree  [119],  3,  75; 

5,  64;  12,  33;  15,  105. 
Mallow,  California  Rose  [156], 

5,  121. 

Maple,    Ash-leaved    or    Box 
Elder  [336],  i,  44;  15,  9, 

Black  Sugar  or  Black  [287], 

13,  52. 
Colchicum-leaved  [143],  4, 

69. 


English  or  Field  [20],  i,  24; 

2,  15- 

Italian  [319],  15,  3 1. 
Japan  [154],  5,  2;  9,  17. 
Large-leaved  [319],  15,  35- 
Mountain  [189],  7,  65. 
Norway  [84],  i,  104;  2,  75; 

4,  ii,  53,  7i;  5,  120;  8, 
17;  9,  4;  10,  32,  84;  12, 
20;  13,  6;  14,  6;  15,  15; 
16,  9. 

Norway,  Purple-leaved,  5, 

Oregon  [319],  15,  35. 

Red  [81],  i,  49,  82;  2,  10 ;  3, 

47',  4,  31;  5,  441  7,  49;  8, 
ii ;  9,  37;  10,  26;  12,  42; 
13,38;  14,  ii ;  15,  58;  16, 

Rock  [84],  2,  38;  4,  19;  5, 
34;  6,  81;  10,  27;  13,  8; 
14,  5;  16,  39. 

Silver  or  White  [137],  i,  3; 

2,  23,  49;  3,  52;  4,  2,  25; 

5,  46;  7,  86;  8,  6;  13,  43; 
14,  43;  15,  102. 

Striped  [321],  15,  12. 
Sugar  [84],  2,  38;  4,  19;  5, 

34;  6,  81;  10,  27;  13,  8; 

14,  5;  16,  39. 
Sycamore  [26],  i,  33  ;  2,  82 ; 

3,  u;  4,   10;  5,  49,  55; 

9,  54;ii,3;i2,6i;i3,  2; 
14,  73;  15,  25;  16,  13,  35. 

Sycamore,   Purple-leaved 

[40],  i,  83. 
Tartarian,  Variety  Ginnala 

[190],  7,  66. 
Matrimony  Vine  [33],  2,  92  ;  4, 

59- 

Moosewood  [321],  15,  12. 
Mountain-ash,    European 

Mulberry,  Paper  [74],  2,  33; 

10,  87. 

Red  [348],  2,  41;  10,  3;  16, 
6. 


359 


White  [92],  i,  34;  2,  54;  3, 

7o;  4,  47,  75;  8,  87;  12, 

38;  15,  13- 
Myrtle,  Wax  [259],  4,  79;  10, 

39- 

Nannyberry  [291],  13,  40. 
Nettle  Tree.     See  Hackberry. 
Ninebark  [18],  i,  25;  2,  8;  5, 

79;  10,  42;  12,  3;  13,  37; 

15,  73;  16,  74. 
Golden-leaved  [20],  i,  26; 

16,  65. 

Oak,  Black  [204],  7,  16;  8,  90; 

14,  78;  15,  77. 

Bur  or  Mossy  Cup  [113],  3, 

38:8,  56. 

Chestnut  [71],  2,  14;  4,  35. 
English  [3-4],  i,  59 ;  2,  70 ;  3, 

25,  82;  5,  159,  8,  42;  13, 

25;  J5,  27;  16,  38,  79. 
English,  Weeping  [107],  3, 

26. 

Laurel  [159],  5,  72. 
Mossy  Cup  [113],  3,  38;  8, 

S6. 
Overcup.     See  Oak,  Mossy 

Cup. 
Pin  or  Swamp  Spanish  [82], 

2,  94:3,  41;  4,  6;  5,  45;  6, 
4057,  8,  22,  30,  110:9,3; 
10,  17;  11,8;  12,  57;  13, 
335  14,  3;  J5i  2;  16,  29. 

Post  [205],  7,  23. 
Pyramid  [107],  3,  24. 
Red  [34],  i,  57;  3,  29;  4,  9; 

5,  77;6,  9;  7,  95!  12,  60; 

13,49;  14,  55;  J5,  53,  59- 
Scarlet  [in],  i,  36;  2,  n; 

3,  5354,  39;6,  4i,  5717, 
J5;  °,  77;  13,  35;  14,  65; 

15,  62. 

Shingle  [159],  5,  72. 
Swamp  Spanish.     See  Oak 
Pin. 


Swamp  White  [306],  2,  48; 

3,  43;  4,  75  5,  117;  6»  43; 

8,28;  12,  40;  13,  51;  14, 

24;  16,  42. 
Turkey  [91],  2,  69;  3,  33;  4, 

8;  8,  32;$,  10 ;  10,  71;  u, 

ii ;  12,  23;  13,  28;  15,  5. 
White  [81],  i,  96;  2,  5053, 

81;  4,  41;  7,  14;  14,  64; 

16,  8. 

Willow  [156],  5,  19,  76. 
Oleaster  or  Wild  Olive  [72],  2, 

6;  10,  92,  105. 
Japan  [175]. 

Many- flowered  [87],  2,  73. 
Umbel-flowered  [154],  5,  5; 

16,  77. 

Olive,  Wild.     See  Oleaster. 
Orange,  Mock.     See  Syringa. 
Osage[i34],  i,  1 12;  3,  5;  4, 

i2;7,87;8,  i6;io,5;i4, 

Osier,  European  or  Siberian 

Red  [134],  3,  88;  4,  84;  5, 

36;  9,  47- 
Wild  Red  [43],  i,  4;3,72; 

5,  10557,  47;  8,  54,84:9, 

28:12,9:14,  17:15,  101. 
Pagoda  Tree,  Japan  [115],  i, 

103:3,  74;  7,  78;  8,  34. 
Paulownia,  Imperial  [22],   i, 

31;  2,  68;  5,  60;  6,  24:7, 

73:8,  52;  12,  54. 
Pea  Tree,  Siberian  [84],  2,  80, 

88:3,63:7,  79;  12,  24. 
Pear,  Common  [70],  2,  96;  3, 

3°- 

Pearl  Bush  [133],  i,  73 ;  4,  58. 
Pepper    Bush,    Common 

Sweet  [66],  i,  9;  16,  41. 
Pepperidge  [90],  2,  62;  3,  51. 
Persimmon  [45],  i,  94;  5,  103  ; 

7,  48. 

Pine,  Austrian  [14],  i,  16;  2, 
66,  81:5,  3:6,  80;  7,  99; 

8,  79;  10,  12;  12,  10 ;  14, 
27;  J5,  29,  39. 


Bhotan  [93],  6,  5357,  9;  10, 

34;  12,  22;  14,  33. 
Corsican  [107],  3,  23. 
Mugho  [260],  5,  4;  10,  44; 

I2>  37- 

Scotch  [94],  i,  6i;4,  20;  5, 
74;  7,  n;  10,  i,  29;  12, 

X9- 
Swiss  Stone  [93],  6,  54;  9, 

39;  10,  57;  14,  28. 
Western  Yellow  [202],  7, 

82;  15,  26. 
White  [93],  i,  5;  2,  52;  3, 

49;  4,  1415,  78;6,  29;  7, 

13,  60;  8,  80;  10,  63;  12, 

J7;  J5,  97- 

Yellow  [278],  12,  21. 
Pink,  Moss  or  Ground,  10,  60. 
Pinxter  Flower  [170],  6,  3 ;  7, 

106. 
Plane  Tree,  Oriental  [87],  2, 

71,  91;  3,  4o;5>  6718,64; 

9,  52;  12,  45;  13,  10. 

Plum,  Beach  [173],  5,  91;  6, 

82. 
Wild  Yellow  or  Red  [349], 

16,  25. 

Plume  Grass  [155],  5,  24. 
Japan  [171],  6,  12. 
Japan,  Variegated  [155],  5, 

26. 
Poplar,  Carolina.       See  Cot- 

tonwood. 
Lombardy  [263],  i,  52;  10, 

95;  12,  4;  14,  i;  15,  i. 
White  or  Abele  Tree  [7  5],  2, 

36;  14,  67,;  15,  104. 
Poppy,  Plume  [323],  15,  50. 
Pnvet,  Cahfornian  [9],  i,  20; 

2,37:5,  52;  15,  103- 
Chinese  [132],  i,  12414,98. 
Common  [9],  i,  14;  2,  55  ;  9, 

3°- 

Italian  [225],  8,  27. 
Quince,    Common   [279],    12, 
28. 


Japan  [49],  i,  8,  109;  2,  97; 
3,  i;  5,  87;  6,  20;  8,  12, 
61,  62. 

Raspberry,    Double-flowered 

European  [47],  i,  100. 
Purple-flowering    [209],    7, 
97 ;  10,  112. 

Redbud  [33],  i,  90 ;  3,  7  ;  8,  4. 

Retinospora.  See  Arbor  Vitce , 
Japan. 

Rhododendron,  Everestian- 
um  [176],  6,  21,  7,  29,  46; 
16,  53. 

Various  kinds  [177],  6,  7, 
72. 

Rhodotypos  [n],  i,  22;  2,  74, 
79;  4,  62;  5,  90;  6,  38;  8, 
39;  12,  62/14,  14;  16,  76. 

Rose  Acacia.  See  Bristly  Lo- 
cust. 

Rose,     Cabbage,      Hundred- 
leaved,  or   Provence 
[118],  3,  93- 

Canker  [263], 10,  96,  109. 
Dog  [263],  10,  96,  109. 
Early  Wild  [132],  4,  93- 
Hundred-leaved    [118],    3, 

93- 

Jacqueminot  [171],  6,  17. 
Japan.  See  Rose,  Ramanas. 
Many-flowered,  3,  97  ;  15,  7. 
Meadow  [132],  4,  93. 
Prairie  [118],  3,  98;  4,  60, 

92. 

Provence  [118],  3,  93. 
Ramanas  [139],  4,  49,  87  ;  5, 

16,  92;  6,  65;  9,  15;  13, 

19. 
Russell's  Cottage  [172],  6, 

26. 

Thornless  [171],  6,  14. 
Wild  Brier  [263],  10,  96,109. 
Wild  Climbing,  3,  98 ;  4,  60, 

92. 


36i 


Rose  of  Sharon  or  Althaea 
[171],  2,  59;3,65;6,  16; 
8,36;  16,  2. 

Rowan  Tree  [333],  15,  75- 

Sassafras  [45],  i,  43;  2»  32i  3, 
80;  5,  118;  6,  39;  7,  19, 
57;  8,  44;  12,  59;  13,  34; 
14,60;  15,  56;  16,  51. 

Senna,  Bladder  [136],  4,  16 ;  7, 
85;  8,  95. 

Service  Berry.  S**  Shad- 
bush. 

Shadbush,    June    Berry,    or 

Service    Berry    [50],     i, 

m;3f  iS'.S,  5°;  7,  52;8, 

25;  12,32;  14,47;  l6,  73- 

Japan  [131],  5,  20;  I2»  6- 

Sheepberry  [291],  13,  40. 

Shrub  Yellowroot  [119],  3, 
92;  7,  42. 

Silverbell  Tree  [109],  3,  32 ;  7, 
69;  15,  10. 

Smoke  Tree  [68],  2,  27;  10, 
114;  14,  44. 

Snowball,  Common  [176],  4, 

51;  5,  5156,67;  10,99. 
Japan  [155],  5,  II;Q,  7;  12, 

Snowberry  [211],  7,  72. 
Sorrel  Tree  [303],  5,  109;  14, 

Sour  Gum  [90],  2,  62;  3,  51. 
Sourwood  [303],  5,   109;  14, 

15. 
Spicebush  [62],  2,  5;  3,  4;  6, 

46;  7,  55;  8,  81;  15,  64, 

85- 

Spindle  Tree,  Japan,  7,  54. 
Thunberg's  [302],  14,  7. 
Winged  [302],  14,  7. 
Grumman  March  13 

Spiraea,    Bridal    Wreath, 

double-flowered  [115],  i, 
121;  3,  86. 

Bumald's  [244],  9,  near  26. 
Douglas's  [261],  10,  81. 


Fortune's  White  [234],   3, 

96;  8,  93. 
Lance-leaved     See  Spir&a, 

Reeve's. 
Mountain- ash-leaved  [140] 

4,83. 

Reeve's    or    Lance-leaved 
[115].  3,  85;  8,  i,  70;  10, 
76,   116;  12,  13;  13,   16; 
15,  89;  16,  3. 
Siberian  [140],  4,  83. 
Van  Houtte's  [18],  i,  65 ;  8, 

71;  10,  83. 
Spruce,  Colorado  Blue  [201], 

7,  12;  10,  52. 

Douglas  [204],  7,  10 ;  10,  50. 
Eastern  [330],  5,  80;  10,  7, 

104;  15,  90;  16,  55. 
Norway  [139],  4,  46 ;  10,  33 ; 

12,  39;  15,  54;  16,  64. 
Oriental  [330],  5,  80;  10,  7, 

104;  15,  90;  16,  55. 
Silver  [201],  7,  12. 
Staggerbush,  6,  8. 
Storax,  Japan  [244],  9,  26. 
Strawberry  Bush,   American 

[116],  3,  100;  4,  78. 
Strawberry     Shrub,     Sweet- 
scented  [51],    i,    120;  6, 
69. 

Stuartia  [172],  5,  84;  6,  28. 
Sugarberry.     See  Hackberry. 
Sumac,  Dwarf  Mountain  [28], 

if  37;  4,  45;  J4,  37;  J5, 
70. 
Smooth  [31],  1,51;  15,  60, 

Staghorn  [31],  i,  60;  7,  50; 

14,  19;  30;  16,  10. 
Sweet  Bay.      See  Magnolia, 

Swamp. 
Sweet  Gum  or  Bilsted  [47],  i, 

io6;2,  39:3,  i6;7,  7513, 

15;  l6>  37- 

Sweetbrier  [i  18],  3,  95 ;  7,  63 . 
Sycamore,  American  [87],  4, 

5;  5,  5419,  25;  10,72. 


362 


Syringa,  Gordon's  [52],  i,  129 ; 

3,  77- 
Large-flowered  [25],  i,  70, 

75:2,  60,  61;  4,  88;  8,  78; 

16,  81. 
Scentless  [231],   i,   128;  8, 

45- 

Small-leaved  [229],  8,  53. 
Sweet  [106],  i,  89;  3,  9;  4, 

89;  7,  102;  8,  41,  60;  14, 

16;  15,  93;  16,  21. 
Sweet  Golden-leaved  [241], 

9,  16. 
White  Stamened  [230],  8, 

3*- 
Tamarisk,  French  [27],  i,  38; 

2,  72;  3,  27;  7,  20. 
Late-flowering  [44],  i,  85. 
Thorn,    Barbary    Box.     See 

Matrimony  Vine. 
Thorn,Cockspur[47],  1,53,80, 

101;  2,  77;  4,  15,  50;  6, 

61;  7,  34 ;  8,  2959,  i ;  10, 

8;  12,  25;  16,  33. 


i ;  10,  106. 
Scarlet-fruited  [71],  2,  16; 
7,  39;  8,  3°,  73;  !3,  36; 

15,  Si- 
Washington  [43],  i,  86;  2, 

56;  7,  104;  8,  7;  15,  94; 

16,  7,  60. 

White.  See  Thorn,  Scarlet- 
fruited. 

Thorn.     See  also  Hawthorn. 

Tree  Box.     See  Boxwood. 

Tree  Celandine  [323],  15,  50. 

Tree  of  Heaven  [32],  i,  42  ;  2, 
90;  5,  107;  7,  25;  9,  49; 
!Q,  775 13,39;i4,  70;  16, 

Trefoil,  Shrubby  [52],  i,  114; 
2,  78;  3,  76;  4,  4;  8,  22. 


Tulip  Tree  [89],  2,  67;  3,  5»: 

4,  2417,  93:8,  53JI2,  36; 

13,30;  14,61;  15,83;  16, 

46. 

Tupelo  [90],  2,  62;  3,  51. 
Umbrella  Tree  [108],  3,  28 ;  5, 

96;  6,  32:7,  68;  8,  63. 
Varnish  Tree  [17],   i,    19;  5, 

82;  6,  23;  8,  18;  15,  98. 
Viburnum,      Japonicum      or 

Japan  [92],  2,  85;  3,  59; 

*4,  9- 

Siebold's  [156],  5,  21. 
Sweet  [291],  13,  40. 
Walnut,  Black  [109],  2,  86 ;  3, 

34;  14,  68;  15,  17. 
White  [347],  5,  116;  13,  55; 

16,  49- 
Waxberry  [259],  4,  79;  10,  39. 

Waxberry  (Snowberry)  [211], 

7,  72. 
Wayfaring    Tree,    European 

.[231]   8,49:9,  14- 
Weigela  [117],  i,  23,  125;  3, 
89:  5,  33.  114:  6,  37;  8, 
37;  12,  12. 
Variegated,  6,  62. 
Whistlewood  [321],  15,  12. 
Wild  Brier.     See  Dog  Rose  or 

Canker  Rose. 

Willow,    Babylonian  [13],    i, 
6;   6,  45;    7,   31;   8,   58; 
9,  22;   15,  107. 
Bay  or  Laurel-leaved  [153], 

i,  54;  5,  28. 
Black  [158],  5,  101. 
Golden  or  Yellow  [156],  5, 

3°- 
Laurel-leaved  [153],  i,  54; 

5,  28. 
Rosemary-leaved  [153],  5, 

23;  10,  91. 
Virginia  [174],  6,  79. 
Weeping  [13],  i,  6;  6,  4557, 

wS-V8r'  58i;9>A 22;  I5'  I07> 
White  [350],  16,  70. 


Winterberry, .  Common  [65], 
2,  34;  3,  67;  4,  66. 

Wistaria,  Chinese  [169],  3,  8; 
6,  2. 

Witch  Hazel  [121],  3,  78;  7, 
18,  21 ;  8,  72;  13,  32;  14, 

Withe  Rod,  3/99. 
Yellowroot,   Shrub   [119],    3, 

92;  7,  42. 

Yellowwood[i58],5, 58 ;  15,65. 
Yew,    European    or    English 

[176],  3,  21;  5,  7,  62;  6, 

73'.  7,  33;  !<>»  65;  12,  35; 

14,  26. 


European  or  English,  Pros- 
trate [277],  12,56:15,63. 

European  or  English,  Var- 
iety Elegantissima  [265], 
10,  107. 

Irish  [308],  6,  50;  10,  82; 
14,  23. 

Japan  [261],  10,  62. 

Japan,  Abrupt-leaved  [107] 

3,  20;  5,  15. 
Yulan  [142],  4,  72;  7,  27;  9, 

40. 

Zebra  Grass,  Japan,  [171],  4, 
76;  6,  15. 


notes 


notes 


notes 


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